{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T12:06:55Z","timestamp":1781006815216,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":194,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484784000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research C","award":["26350815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26350815"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-016-1933-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]],"date-time":"2017-01-18T23:48:22Z","timestamp":1484783302000},"page":"573-591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Molecular mechanism of sarcopenia and cachexia: recent research advances"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"469","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1353-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunihiro","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Aoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1933_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.017640","volume":"59","author":"A Agusti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Agusti A, Morla M, Sauleda J, Saus C, Busquets X (2004) NF-kappaB activation and iNOS upregulation in skeletal muscle of patients with COPD and low body weight. Thorax 59:483\u2013487","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"1933_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C188","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00542.2005","volume":"292","author":"DL Allen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Allen DL, Unterman TG (2007) Regulation of myostatin expression and myoblast differentiation by FoxO and SMAD transcription factors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292:C188\u2013C199","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39597","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.129718","volume":"285","author":"M Altun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Altun M, Besche HC, Overkleeft HS, Piccirillo R, Edelmann MJ, Kessler BM, Goldberg AL, Ulfhake B (2010) Muscle wasting in aged, sarcopenic rats is associated with enhanced activity of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. J Biol Chem 285:39597\u201339608","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1933_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/110264802753704064","volume":"46","author":"SD Anker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anker SD (2002) Imbalance of catabolic and anabolic pathways in chronic heart failure: implications for the treatment of cardiac cachexia. Scand J Nutr 46:3\u201310","journal-title":"Scand J Nutr"},{"key":"1933_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2174\/1874609811104020101","volume":"4","author":"W Aoi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aoi W, Sakuma K (2011) Oxidative stress and skeletal muscle dysfunction with aging. Curr Aging Sci 4:101\u2013109","journal-title":"Curr Aging Sci"},{"key":"1933_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e3283311d09","volume":"3","author":"JM Argil\u00e9s","year":"2009","unstructured":"Argil\u00e9s JM, Busquets S, Toledo M, L\u00f3pez-Soriano FJ (2009) The role of cytokines in cancer cachexia. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 3:263\u2013268","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"1933_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3829","volume":"14","author":"JM Argil\u00e9s","year":"2014","unstructured":"Argil\u00e9s JM, Busquets S, Stemmler B, Lopez-Soriano FJ (2014) Cancer cachexia: understanding the molecular basis. Nat Rev Cancer 14:754\u2013762","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"1933_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24784","volume":"126","author":"ML Asp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Asp ML, Tian M, Wendel AA, Belury MA (2010) Evidence for the contribution of insulin resistance to the development of cachexia in tumor-bearing mice. Int J Cancer 126:756\u2013763","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"1933_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00872-8","volume":"83","author":"P Aukrust","year":"1999","unstructured":"Aukrust P, Ueland T, Lien E, Bendtzen K, M\u00fcller F, Andreassen AK, Nord\u00f8y I, Aass H, Espevik T, Simonsen S, Fr\u00f8land SS, Gullestad L (1999) Cytokine network in congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 83:376\u2013382","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1933_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.212845","volume":"589","author":"LM Baehr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baehr LM, Furlow JD, Bodine SC (2011) Muscle sparing in muscle RING finger 1 null mice: response to synthetic glucocorticoids. J Physiol 589:4759\u20134776","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00069","volume":"5","author":"LM Baehr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baehr LM, Tunzi M, Bodine SC (2014) Muscle hypertrophy is associated with increases in proteasome activity that is independent of MuRF1 and MAFbx expression. Front Physiol 5:69","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR12","first-page":"E996","volume":"268","author":"VE Baracos","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baracos VE, DeVivo C, Hoyle DH, Goldberg AL (1995) Activation of the ATP ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle of cachectic rats bearing a hepatoma. Am J Physiol 268:E996\u2013E1006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2004.08.030","volume":"126","author":"M Bar-Shai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bar-Shai M, Carmeli E, Coleman R, Rozen N, Perek S, Fuchs D, Reznick AZ (2005) The effect of hindlimb immobilization on acid phosphatase, metalloproteinase and nuclear factor-kappaB in muscles of young and old rats. Mech Ageing Dev 126:289\u2013297","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"1933_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00298-3","volume":"3","author":"C Becker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Becker C, Lord SR, Studenski SA, Warden SJ, Fielding RA, Recknor CP, Hochberg MC, Ferrari SL, Blain H, Binder EF, Rolland Y, Poiraudeau S, Benson CT, Myers SL, Hu L, Ahmad QI, Pacuch KR, Gomez EV, Benichou O, STEADY Group (2015) Myostatin antibody (LY2495655) in older weak fallers: a proof-of-concept, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 3:948\u2013957","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"1933_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E469","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00204.2014","volume":"307","author":"SC Bodine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bodine SC, Baehr LM (2013) Skeletal muscle atrophy and the E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx\/atrogin-1. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 307:E469\u2013E484","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1933_CR16","first-page":"384","volume":"237","author":"M Bossola","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bossola M, Muscaritoli M, Costelli P, Grieco G, Bonelli G, Pacelli F, Rossi Fanelli F, Doglietto GB, Baccino FM (2003) Increased muscle proteasome activity correlates with disease severity in gastric cancer patients. Ann Surg 237:384\u2013389","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"1933_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12043","volume":"6","author":"TS Bowen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bowen TS, Schuler G, Adams V (2015) Skeletal muscle wasting in cachexia and sarcopenia: molecular pathophysiology and impact of exercise training. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 6:197\u2013207","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"1933_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2012.11.004","volume":"48","author":"M Bowser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bowser M, Herberg S, Arounleut P, Shi X, Fulzele S, Hill WD, Isales CM, Hamrick MW (2013) Effects of the activin A-myostatin-follistatin system on aging bone and muscle progenitor cells. Exp Gerontol 48:290\u2013297","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"1933_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07034","volume":"454","author":"ME Carlson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carlson ME, Hsu M, Conboy IM (2008) Imbalance between pSmad3 and notch induces CDK inhibitors is old muscle stem cells. Nature 454:528\u2013532","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1933_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.07.061","volume":"8","author":"S Carnio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carnio S, LoVerso F, Baraibar MA, Longa E, Khan MM, Maffei M, Reischl M, Canepari M, Loefler S, Kern H, Blaauw B, Friguet B, Bottinelli R, Rudolf R, Sandri M (2014) Autophagy impairment in muscle induces neuromuscular junction degeneration and precocious aging. Cell Rep 8:1509\u20131521","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"1933_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3316","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003316","volume":"3","author":"ZH Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen ZH, Kim HP, Sciurba FC, Lee SJ, Feghali-Bostwick C, Stolz DB, Dhir R, Landreneau RJ, Schuchert MJ, Yousem SA, Nakahira K, Pilewski JM, Lee JS, Zhang Y, Ryter SW, Choi AM (2008) Egr-1 regulates autophagy in cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 3:e3316","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1933_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2008.07.002","volume":"8","author":"HY Chung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chung HY, Cesari M, Anton S, Marzetti E, Giovannini S, Seo AY, Carter C, Yu BP, Leeuwenburgh C (2009) Molecular inflammation: underpinnings of aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 8:18\u201330","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"1933_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2006.07.005","volume":"127","author":"S Clavel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clavel S, Coldefy AS, Kurkdjian E, Salle J, Margaritis I, Derijard B (2006) Atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and MuRF1 are up-regulated in aged rat tibialis anterior muscle. Mech Ageing Dev 127:794\u2013801","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"1933_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4809fje","volume":"20","author":"VG Coffey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coffey VG, Zhong Z, Shield A, Canny BJ, Chibalin AV, Zierath JR, Hawley JA (2006) Early signaling responses to divergent exercise stimuli in skeletal muscle from well-trained humans. FASEB J 20:190\u2013192","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1933_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200901052","volume":"185","author":"S Cohen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cohen S, Brault JJ, Gygi SP, Glass DJ, Valenzuela DM, Gartner C, Latres E, Goldberg AL (2009) During muscle atrophy, thick, but not thin, filament components are degraded by MuRF1-dependent ubiquitylation. J Cell Biol 185:1083\u20131095","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"1933_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32831b9c31","volume":"12","author":"L Combaret","year":"2009","unstructured":"Combaret L, Dardevet D, B\u00e9chet D, Taillandier D, Mosoni L, Attaix D (2009) Skeletal muscle proteolysis in aging. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 12:37\u201341","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"1933_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87776","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087776","volume":"9","author":"EW Cornwell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cornwell EW, Mirbod A, Wu CL, Kandarian SC, Jackman RW (2014) C26 cancer-induced muscle wasting is IKK\u03b2-dependent and NF-\u03baB-independent. PLoS One 9:e87776","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1933_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R674","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00104.2006","volume":"291","author":"P Costelli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Costelli P, Muscaritoli M, Bossola M, Penna F, Reffo P, Bonetto A, Busquets S, Bonelli G, Lopez-Soriano FJ, Doglietto GB, Argil\u00e9s JM, Baccino FM, Rossi Fanelli F (2006) IGF-I is downregulated in experimental cancer cachexia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 291:R674\u2013R683","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2008.01970.x","volume":"38","author":"P Costelli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Costelli P, Muscaritoli M, Bonetto A, Penna F, Reffo P, Bossola M, Bonelli G, Doglietto GB, Baccino FM, Rossi Fanelli F (2008) Muscle myostatin signaling is enhanced in experimental cancer cachexia. Eur J Clin Investig 38:531\u2013538","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Investig"},{"key":"1933_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2007.01867.x","volume":"37","author":"T Crul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Crul T, Spruit MA, Gayan-Ramirez G, Quarck R, Gosselink R, Troosters T, Pitta F, Decramer M (2007) Markers of inflammation and disuse in vastus lateralis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Eur J Clin Investig 37:897\u2013904","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Investig"},{"key":"1933_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.1.3.2017","volume":"1","author":"AM Cuervo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cuervo AM, Bergamini E, Brunk UT, Dr\u00f6ge W, Ffrench M, Terman A (2005) Autophagy and aging: the importance of maintaining \u201cclean\u201d cells. Autophagy 1:131\u2013140","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"1933_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0348-4","volume":"115","author":"B De Paepe","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Paepe B, Brusselle GG, Maes T, Crues KK, D\u2019Haese N, Bracke KR, D\u2019hulst AI, Joos GF, De Bleecker JL (2008) TNF alpha receptor genotype influences smoking-induced muscle-fibre-type shift and atrophy in mice. Acta Neuropathol 115:675\u2013681","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1933_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e418","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2012.159","volume":"3","author":"C De Palma","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Palma C, Morisi F, Cheli S, Pambianco S, Cappello V, Vezzoli M, Rovere-Querini P, Moggio M, Ripolone M, Francolini M, Sandri M, Clementi E (2012) Autophagy as a new therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cell Death Dis 3:e418","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"1933_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.027466","volume":"136","author":"F Demontis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Demontis F, Perrimon N (2009) Integration of insulin receptor\/Foxo signaling and dMyc activity during muscle growth regulates body size in Drosophila. Development 136:983\u2013993","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"1933_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.10.007","volume":"143","author":"F Demontis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Demontis F, Perrimon N (2010) FOXO\/4E-BP signaling in Drosophila muscles regulates organism-wide proteostasis during aging. Cell 143:813\u2013825","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1933_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2005.04.005","volume":"40","author":"KC DeRuisseau","year":"2005","unstructured":"DeRuisseau KC, Kavazis AN, Powers SK (2005) Selective downregulation of ubiquitin conjugation cascade mRNA occurs in the senescent rat soleus muscle. Exp Gerontol 40:526\u2013531","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"1933_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3600143","volume":"360","author":"C Deval","year":"2001","unstructured":"Deval C, Mordier S, Obled C, Bechet D, Combaret L, Attaix D, Ferrara M (2001) Identification of cathepsin L as a differentially expressed message associated with skeletal muscle wasting. Biochem J 360:143\u2013150","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"1933_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200605-704OC","volume":"176","author":"M Doucet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Doucet M, Russell AP, L\u00e9ger B, Debigar\u00e9 R, Joanisse DR, Caron MA, LeBlanc P, Maltais F (2007) Muscle atrophy and hypertrophy signaling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 176:261\u2013269","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1933_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.163816","volume":"587","author":"MJ Drummond","year":"2009","unstructured":"Drummond MJ, Fry CS, Glynn EL, Dreyer HC, Dhanani S, Timmerman KL, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB (2009) Rapamycin administration in humans blocks the contraction-induced increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis. J Physiol 587:1535\u20131546","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-13-48","volume":"13","author":"TM Eagan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eagan TM, Gabazza EC, D\u2019Alessandro-Gabazza C, Gil-Bernabe P, Aoki S, Hardie JA, Bakke PS, Wagner PD (2012) TNF-\u03b1 is associated with loss of lean body mass only in already cachectic COPD patients. Respir Res 13:48","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"1933_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.7.663","volume":"61","author":"E Edstr\u00f6m","year":"2006","unstructured":"Edstr\u00f6m E, Altun M, H\u00e4gglund M, Ulfhake B (2006) Atrogin-1\/MAFbx and MuRF1 are downregulated in ageing-related loss of skeletal muscle. J Gerontol Series A Biol Sci Med Sci 61:663\u2013674","journal-title":"J Gerontol Series A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"1933_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6445.584","volume":"289","author":"PW Emery","year":"1984","unstructured":"Emery PW, Edwards RH, Rennie MJ, Souhami RL, Halliday D (1984) Protein synthesis in muscle measured in vivo in cachectic patients with cancer. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 289:584\u2013586","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"1933_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2015.09.002","volume":"41","author":"A Esposito","year":"2015","unstructured":"Esposito A, Criscitiello C, Gelao L, Pravettoni G, Locatelli M, Minchella I, Di Leo M, Liuzzi R, Milani A, Massaro M, Curigliano G (2015) Mechanisms of anorexia-cachexia syndrome and rationale for treatment with selective ghrelin receptor agonist. Cancer Treat Rev 41:793\u2013797","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"1933_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1659","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00550.2009","volume":"298","author":"FB Favier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Favier FB, Costes F, Defour A, Bonnefoy R, Lefai E, Baug\u00e9 S, Peinnequin A, Benoit H, Freyssenet D (2010) Downregulation of Akt\/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in skeletal muscle is associated with increased REDD1 expression in response to chronic hypoxia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298:R1659\u2013R1666","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1279","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00054.2002","volume":"283","author":"L Fern\u00e1ndez-Celem\u00edn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Celem\u00edn L, Pasko N, Blomart V, Thissen JP (2002) Inhibition of muscle insulin-like growth factor I expression by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283:E1279\u2013E1290","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1933_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-010-0919-9","volume":"461","author":"VC Foletta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Foletta VC, White LJ, Larsen AE, L\u00e9ger B, Russell AP (2011) The role and regulation of MAFbx\/atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in skeletal muscle atrophy. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 461:325\u2013335","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"1933_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/2044-5040-1-11","volume":"1","author":"CS Fry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fry CS, Drummond MJ, Glynn EL, Dickinson JM, Gundermann DM, Timmerman KL, Walker DK, Dhanani S, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB (2011) Aging impairs contraction-induced human skeletal muscle mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis. Skelet Muscle 1:11","journal-title":"Skelet Muscle"},{"key":"1933_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1080","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00277.2005","volume":"290","author":"K Funai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Funai K, Parkington JD, Carambula S, Fielding RA (2006) Age-associated decrease in contraction-induced activation of downstream targets of Akt\/mTOR signaling in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290:R1080\u2013R1086","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37321","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M605241200","volume":"281","author":"B Gan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gan B, Yoo Y, Guan JL (2006) Association of focal adhesion kinase with tuberous sclerosis complex 2 in the regulation of s6 kinase activation and cell growth. J Biol Chem 281:37321\u201337239","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1933_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00175.2011","volume":"111","author":"M Gaugler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gaugler M, Brown A, Merrell E, DiSanto-Rose M, Rathmacher JA, Reynolds TH 4th (2011) PKB signaling and atrogene expression in skeletal muscle of aged mice. J Appl Physiol 111:192\u2013199","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-204495","volume":"26","author":"AV Gomes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gomes AV, Waddell DS, Siu R, Stein M, Dewey S, Furlow JD, Bodine SC (2012) Upregulation of proteasome activity in muscle RING finger 1-null mice following denervation. FASEB J 26:2986\u20132999","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1933_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2247","volume":"16","author":"P Grumati","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grumati P, Coletto L, Sabatelli P, Cescon M, Angelin A, Bertaggia E, Blaauw B, Urciuolo A, Tiepolo T, Merlini L, Maraldi NM, Bernardi P, Sandri M, Bonaldo P (2010) Autophagy is defective in collagen VI muscular dystrophies, and its reactivation rescues myofiber degeneration. Nat Med 16:1313\u20131320","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1933_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201304-0732OC","volume":"188","author":"Y Guo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guo Y, Gosker HR, Schols AM, Kapchinsky S, Bourbeau J, Sandri M, Jagoe RT, Debigar\u00e9 R, Maltais F, Taivassalo T, Hussain SN (2013) Autophagy in locomoter muscles of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188:1313\u20131320","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1933_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5488.2363","volume":"289","author":"DC Guttridge","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guttridge DC, Mayo MW, Madrid LV, Wang CY, Baldwin AS Jr (2000) NF-kappaB-induced loss of MyoD messenger RNA: possible role in muscle decay and cachexia. Science 289:2363\u20132366","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1933_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01227.2005","volume":"100","author":"F Haddad","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haddad F, Adams GR (2006) Aging-sensitive cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy. J Appl Physiol 100:1188\u20131203","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01736-9","volume":"39","author":"R Hambrecht","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hambrecht R, Schulze PC, Gielen S, Linke A, Mobius-Winker S, Yu J, Kratzsch JJ, Baldauf G, Busse MW, Schubert A, Adams V, Schuler G (2002) Reduction of insulin-like growth factor-I expression in the skeletal muscle of noncachectic patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:1175\u20131181","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1933_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.09.008","volume":"332","author":"M Hayot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hayot M, Rodriguez J, Vernus B, Carnac G, Jean E, Allen D, Goret L, Obert P, Candau R, Bonnieu A (2011) Myostatin up-regulation is associated with the skeletal muscle response to hypoxic stimuli. Mol Cell Endocrinol 332:38\u201347","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"1933_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4821","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI68523","volume":"123","author":"WA He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He WA, Berardi E, Cardillo VM, Acharyya S, Aulino O, Thomas-Ahner J, Wang J, Bloomston M, Muscarella P, Nau P, Shan N, Butchbach ME, Ladner K, Adamo S, Rudnicki MA, Keller G, Coletti D, Montanaro F, Guttridge DC (2013) NF-\u03baB-mediated Pax7 dysregulation in the muscle microenvironment promotes cancer cachexia. J Clin Invest 123:4821\u20134835","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1933_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.882068","volume":"121","author":"J Heineke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heineke J, Auger-Messier M, Xu J, Sargent M, York A, Welle S, Molkentin JD (2010) Genetic deletion of myostatin from the heart prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in heart failure. Circulation 121:419\u2013425","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1933_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.03.083","volume":"167","author":"R H\u00f6llriegel","year":"2013","unstructured":"H\u00f6llriegel R, Beck EB, Linke A, Adams V, M\u00f6bius-Winkler S, Mangner N, Sandri M, Gielen S (2013) Anabolic effects of exercise training in patients with advanced chronic heart failure (NYHA IIIb): impact on ubiquitin-protein ligases expression and skeletal muscle size. Int J Cardiol 167:975\u2013980","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"1933_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.10.3091","volume":"133","author":"TA Hornberger","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hornberger TA, McLoughlin TJ, Leszczynski JK, Armstrong DD, Jameson RR, Bowen PE, Hwang ES, Hou H, Moustafa ME, Carlson BA, Hatfield DL, Diamond AM, Esser KA (2003) Selenoprotein-deficient transgenic mice exhibit enhanced exercise-induced muscle growth. J Nutr 133:3091\u20133097","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"1933_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200421696","volume":"114","author":"RB Hunter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hunter RB, Kandarian SC (2004) Disruption of either the Nfkb1 or the Bcl3 gene inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy. J Clin Invest 114:1504\u20131511","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1933_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00893.2012","volume":"114","author":"SNA Hussain","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hussain SNA, Sandri M (2013) Muscle dysfunction in COPD. Role of autophagy in COPD skeletal muscle dysfunction. J Appl Physiol 114:1273\u20131281","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12150","volume":"13","author":"DT Hwee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hwee DT, Baehr LM, Philp A, Baar K, Bodine SC (2014) Maintenance of muscle mass and load-induced growth in muscle RING finger 1 null mice with age. Aging Cell 13:92\u2013101","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"1933_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1020353","volume":"102","author":"RT Jagoe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jagoe RT, Redfern CP, Roberts RG, Gibson GJ, Goodship TH (2002) Skeletal muscle mRNA levels for cathepsin B, but not components of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, are increased in patients with lung cancer referred for thoracotomy. Clin Sci 102:353\u2013361","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"1933_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.01.013","volume":"70","author":"EA Jankowska","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jankowska EA, Ponikowski P, Piepoli MF, Banasiak W, Anker SD, Poole-Wilson PA (2006) Autonomic imbalance and immune activation in chronic heart failure-pathophysiological links. Cardiovasc Res 70:434\u2013445","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"1933_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85829","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085820","volume":"9","author":"PR Jannig","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jannig PR, Moreira JB, Bechara LR, Bozi LH, Bacurau AV, Monteiro AW, Dourado PM, Wisl\u00f8ff U, Brum PC (2014) Autophagy signaling in skeletal muscle of infarcted rats. PLoS One 9:e85829","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1933_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2009.06.020","volume":"68","author":"A Jatoi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jatoi A, Ritter HL, Dueck A, Nguyen PL, Nikcevich DA, Luyun RF, Mattar BI, Loprinzi CL (2010) A placebo-controlled double-blind trial of infliximab for cancer-associated weight loss in elderly and\/or poor performance non-small cell lung cancer patients (N01C9). Lung Cancer 68:234\u2013239","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"1933_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.07.033","volume":"583","author":"M Jogo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jogo M, Shiraishi S, Tamura TA (2009) Identification of MAFbx as a myogenin-engaged F-box protein in SCF ubiquitin ligase. FEBS Lett 583:2715\u20132719","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"1933_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2006.11.011","volume":"7","author":"D Joulia-Ekaza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Joulia-Ekaza D, Cabello G (2007) The myostatin gene: physiology and pharmacological relevance. Curr Opin Pharmacol 7:310\u2013315","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1933_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C372","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00293.2006","volume":"292","author":"AR Judge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Judge AR, Koncarevic A, Hunter RB, Liou HC, Jackman RW, Kandarian SC (2007) Role for IkappaBalpha, but not c-Rel, in skeletal muscle atrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292:C372\u2013C382","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3300819","volume":"6","author":"I Kawamura","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kawamura I, Morishita R, Tomita N, Lacey E, Aketa M, Tsujimoto S, Manda T, Tomoi M, Kida I, Higaki J, Kaneda Y, Shimomura K, Ogihara T (1999) Intratumoral injection of oligonucleotides to the NF-kappa B binding site inhibits cachexia in a mouse tumor model. Gene Ther 6:91\u201397","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1933_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.042648","volume":"550","author":"J Kemppainen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kemppainen J, Tsuchida H, Stolen K, Karlsson H, Bj\u00f6rnholm M, Heinonen OJ, Nuutila P, Krook A, Knuuti J, Zierath JR (2003) Insulin signaling and resistance in patients with chronic heart failure. J Physiol 550(1):305\u2013315","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602780","volume":"93","author":"J Khal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khal J, Wyke SM, Russell ST, Hine AV, Tisdale MJ (2005a) Expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and muscle loss in experimental cancer cachexia. Br J Cancer 93:774\u2013780","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1933_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2004.10.017","volume":"37","author":"J Khal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khal J, Hine AV, Fearon KCH, Dejong CHC, Tisdale MJ (2005b) Increased expression of proteasome subunits in skeletal muscle of cancer patients with weight loss. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2196\u20132206","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"1933_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.6767","volume":"4","author":"HP Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim HP, Wang X, Chen ZH, Lee SJ, Huang MH, Wang Y, Ryter SW, Choi AM (2008) Autophagic proteins regulate cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis: protective role of heme oxygenase-1. Autophagy 4:887\u2013895","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"1933_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.12.016","volume":"152","author":"J Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim J, Kim YC, Fang C, Russell RC, Kim JH, Fan W, Liu R, Zhong Q, Guan KL (2013) Differential regulation of distinct Vps34 complexes by AMPK in nutrient stress and autophagy. Cell 152:290\u2013303","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1933_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E772","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00535.2003","volume":"287","author":"SR Kimball","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kimball SR, O\u2019Malley JP, Anthony JC, Crozier SJ, Jefferson LS (2004) Assessment of biomarkers of protein anabolism in skeletal muscle during the life span of the rat: sarcopenia despite elevated protein synthesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287:E772\u2013E780","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1933_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.12.123","volume":"391","author":"MEB Klimek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Klimek MEB, Aydogdu T, Link MJ, Pons M, Koniaris LG, Zimmers TA (2010) Acute inhibition of myostatin-family proteins preserves skeletal muscle in mouse models of cancer cachexia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 391:1548\u20131554","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1933_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.09.023","volume":"40","author":"G Kroemer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kroemer G, Marino G, Levine B (2010) Autophagy and the integrated stress response. Mol Cell 40:280\u2013293","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"1933_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-004-0555-y","volume":"82","author":"A Kumar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kumar A, Takada Y, Boriek AM, Aggarwal BB (2004) Nuclear factor-kappaB: its role in health and disease. J Mol Med 82:434\u2013448","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"1933_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-9-11","volume":"9","author":"P Kythreotis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kythreotis P, Kokkini A, Avgeropoulou S, Hadjioannou A, Anastasakou E, Rasidakis A, Bakakos P (2009) Plasma leptin and insulin-like growth factor I levels during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm Med 9:11","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"1933_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2008.52","volume":"27","author":"J Lagirand-Cantaloube","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lagirand-Cantaloube J, Offner N, Csibi A, Leibovitch MP, Batonnet-Pichon S, Tintignac LA, Segura CT, Leibovitch SA (2008) The initiation factor eIF3-f is a major target for atrogin1\/MAFbx function in skeletal muscle atrophy. EMBO J 27:1266\u20131276","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"1933_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4973","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004973","volume":"4","author":"J Lagirand-Cantaloube","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lagirand-Cantaloube J, Cornille K, Csibi A, Batonet-Pichon S, Leibovitch MP, Leibovitch SA (2009) Inhibition of atrogin-1\/MAFbx mediated MyoD proteolysis prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in vivo. PLoS One 4:e4973","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1933_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp068","volume":"64","author":"NK LeBrasseur","year":"2009","unstructured":"LeBrasseur NK, Schelhorn TM, Bernardo BL, Cosgrove PG, Loria PM, Brown TA (2009) Myostatin inhibition enhances the effects on performance and metabolic outcomes in aged mice. J Gerontol Series A Biol Sci Med Sci 64:940\u2013948","journal-title":"J Gerontol Series A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"1933_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.20.012103.135836","volume":"20","author":"SJ Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee SJ (2004) Regulation of muscle mass by myostatin. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 20:61\u201386","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"1933_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18117","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505996102","volume":"102","author":"SJ Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee SJ, Reed LA, Davies MV, Girgenrath S, Goad ME, Tomkinson KN, Wright JF, Zhao L, Sebald SM, Greenspan DS, Lee SJ (2005) Regulation of muscle growth by multiple ligands signaling through activin type II receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:18117\u201318122","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1933_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2007.0588","volume":"11","author":"B L\u00e9ger","year":"2008","unstructured":"L\u00e9ger B, Derave W, De Bock K, Hespel P, Russell AP (2008) Human sarcopenia reveals an increase in SOCS-3 and myostatin and a reduced efficiency of Akt phosphorylation. Rejuvenation Res 11:163\u2013175","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res"},{"key":"1933_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199007263230405","volume":"323","author":"B Levine","year":"1990","unstructured":"Levine B, Kalman J, Mayer L, Fillit HM, Packer M (1990) Elevated circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 323:236\u2013241","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1933_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00150.2007","volume":"103","author":"MI Lewis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lewis MI, Fournier M, Storer TW, Bhasin S, Porszasz J, Ren SG, Da X, Casaburi R (2007) Skeletal muscle adaptations to testosterone and resistance training in men with COPD. J Appl Physiol 103:1299\u20131310","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060505","volume":"170","author":"P Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li P, Waters RE, Redfern SI, Zhang M, Mao L, Annex BH, Yan Z (2007) Oxidative phenotype protects myofibers from pathological insults induced by chronic heart failure in mice. Am J Pathol 170:599\u2013608","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1933_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-008-0373-8","volume":"86","author":"H Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li H, Malhotra S, Kumar A (2008) Nuclear factor-kappa B signaling in skeletal muscle atrophy. J Mol Med 86:1113\u20131126","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"1933_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.0651","volume":"221","author":"M Llovera","year":"1996","unstructured":"Llovera M, Carb\u00f3 N, Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez C, Costelli P, Tessitore L, Baccino FM, Agell N, Bagby GJ, L\u00f3pez-Soriano FJ, Argil\u00e9s JM (1996) Anti-TNF treatment reverts increased muscle ubiquitin gene expression in tumor-bearing rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 221:653\u2013655","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1933_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2011-1124","volume":"25","author":"S Lokireddy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lokireddy S, McFarlane C, Ge X, Zhang H, Sze SK, Sharma M, Kambadur R (2011) Myostatin induces degradation of sarcomeric proteins through a Smad3 signaling mechanism during skeletal muscle wasting. Mol Endocrinol 25:1936\u20131949","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1933_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20112024","volume":"446","author":"S Lokireddy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lokireddy S, Wijesoma JW, Bonala S, Wei M, Sze SK, McFarlane C, Kambadur R, Sharma M (2012) Myostatin is a novel tumoral factor that induces cancer cachexia. Biochem J 446:23\u201336","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"1933_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(90)90044-T","volume":"26","author":"ST Malik","year":"1990","unstructured":"Malik ST, Naylor MS, East N, Oliff A, Balkwill FR (1990) Cells secreting tumour necrosis factor show enhanced metastasis in nude mice. Eur J Cancer 26:1031\u20131034","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"1933_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.11.001","volume":"6","author":"C Mammucari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mammucari C, Milan G, Romanello V, Masiero E, Rudolf R, Del Piccolo P, Burden SJ, Di Lisi R, Sandri C, Zhao J, Goldberg AL, Schiaffino S, Sandri M (2007) FoxO3 controls autophagy in skeletal muscle in vivo. Cell Metab 6:458\u2013471","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"1933_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.02.015","volume":"65","author":"MM Markofski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Markofski MM, Dickinson JM, Drummond MJ, Fry CS, Fujita S, Gundermann DM, Glynn EL, Jennings K, Paddon-Jones D, Reidy PT, Sheffield-Moore M, Timmerman KL, Rasmussen BB, Volpi E (2015) Effect of age on basal muscle protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling in a large cohort of young and older men and women. Exp Gerontol 65:1\u20137","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"1933_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.10.025","volume":"47","author":"T Martins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martins T, Vitorino R, Moreira-Goncalves D, Amado F, Duarte JA, Ferreira R (2014) Recent insights on the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for cardiac cachexia. Clin Biochem 47:8\u201315","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"1933_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.10.008","volume":"10","author":"E Masiero","year":"2009","unstructured":"Masiero E, Agatea L, Mammucari C, Blaauw B, Loro E, Komatsu M, Metzger D, Reggiani C, Schiaffino S, Sandri M (2009) Autophagy is required to maintain muscle mass. Cell Metab 10:507\u2013515","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"1933_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8206","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.21.8206","volume":"83","author":"J Massagu\u00e9","year":"1986","unstructured":"Massagu\u00e9 J, Cheifetz S, Endo T, Nadal-Ginard B (1986) Type beta transforming growth factor is an inhibitor of myogenic differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83:8206\u20138210","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1933_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20757","volume":"209","author":"C McFarlane","year":"2006","unstructured":"McFarlane C, Plummer E, Thomas M, Hennebry A, Ashby M, Ling N, Smith H, Sharma M, Kambadur R (2006) Myostatin induces cachexia by activating the ubiquitin proteolytic system through an NF-kappaB-independent, FoxO1-dependent mechanism. J Cell Physiol 209:501\u2013514","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-198663","volume":"26","author":"BR McKay","year":"2012","unstructured":"McKay BR, Ogborn DI, Bellamy LM, Tarnopolsky MA, Parise G (2012) Myostatin is associated with age-related human muscle stem cell function. FASEB J 26:2509\u20132521","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1933_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2009.03.006","volume":"44","author":"CA McMullen","year":"2009","unstructured":"McMullen CA, Ferry AL, Gamboa JL, Andrade FH, Dupont-Versteegden EE (2009) Age-related changes of cell death pathways in rat extraocular muscle. Exp Gerontol 44:420\u2013425","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"1933_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04719.x","volume":"48","author":"LJ Melton 3rd","year":"2000","unstructured":"Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S, Crowson CS, O\u2019Connor MK, O\u2019Fallon WM, Riggs BL (2000) Epidemiology of sarcopenia. J Am Geriat Soc 48:625\u2013630","journal-title":"J Am Geriat Soc"},{"key":"1933_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11041509","volume":"11","author":"SJ Meng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meng SJ, Yu LY (2010) Oxidative stress, molecular inflammation and sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 11:1509\u20131526","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1933_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0275","volume":"139","author":"EM Mercken","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mercken EM, Hageman GJ, Langen RC, Wouters EF, Schols AM (2011) Decreased exercise-induced expression of nuclear factor-kappaB-regulated genes in muscle of patients with COPD. Chest 139:337\u2013346","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"1933_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.10.026","volume":"147","author":"N Mizushima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mizushima N, Komatsu M (2011) Autophagy: renovation of cells and tissues. Cell 147:728\u2013741","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1933_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1124","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00043.2009","volume":"297","author":"MR Morissette","year":"2009","unstructured":"Morissette MR, Cook SA, Buranasombati C, Rosenberg MA, Rosenzweig A (2009) Myostatin inhibits IGF-I-induced myotube hypertrophy through Akt. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297:C1124\u2013C1132","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-159608","volume":"24","author":"KT Murphy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murphy KT, Koopman R, Naim T, L\u00e9ger B, Trieu J, Ibebunjo C, Lynch GS (2010) Antibody-directed myostatin inhibition in 21-mo-old mice reveals novel roles for myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle structure and function. FASEB J 24:4433\u20134442","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1933_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2013.781577","volume":"10","author":"SA Natanek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Natanek SA, Riddoch-Contreras J, Marsh GS, Hopkinson NS, Moxham J, Man WD, Kemp PR, Polkey MI (2013) MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 protein expression and quadriceps fiber size and muscle mass in stable patients with COPD. COPD 10:618\u2013624","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"1933_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2013.09.004","volume":"24","author":"BA Neel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neel BA, Lin Y, Pessin JE (2013) Skeletal muscle autophagy: a new metabolic regulator. Trends Endocrinol Metab 24:635\u2013643","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1933_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00226-5","volume":"32","author":"J Neibauer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Neibauer J, Pflaum CD, Clar AL, Strasburger CJ, Hooper J, Poole-Wilson PA, Coats AJ, Anker SD (1998) Deficient insulin-like growth factor I in chronic heart failure predicts altered body composition, anabolic deficiency, cytokine and neurohumoral activation. J Am Coll Cardiol 32:393\u2013397","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1933_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-1252","volume":"139","author":"Y Nussbaumer-Ochsner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nussbaumer-Ochsner Y, Rabe KF (2011) Systemic manifestation of COPD. Chest 139:165\u2013173","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"1933_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.058388","volume":"98","author":"C Op den Kamp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Op den Kamp C, Langen RC, Snepvangers FJ, de Theije CC, Schellekens JM, Laugs F, Dingemans AM, Schols AM (2013) Nuclear transcription factor \u03baB activation and protein turnover adaptations in skeletal muscle of patients with progressive stages of lung cancer cachexia. Am J Clin Nutr 98:738\u2013748","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1933_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-013-9623-7","volume":"67","author":"C Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park C, Cuervo AM (2013) Selective autophagy: talking with the UPS. Cell Biochem Biophys 67:3\u201313","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"1933_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01383.2003","volume":"97","author":"JD Parkington","year":"2004","unstructured":"Parkington JD, LeBrasseur NK, Siebert AP, Fielding RA (2004) Contraction-mediated mTOR, p70S6K, and ERK1\/2 phosphorylation in aged skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 97:243\u2013248","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201006098","volume":"191","author":"PK Paul","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paul PK, Gupta SK, Bhatnagar S, Panguluri SK, Darnay BG, Choi Y, Kumar A (2010) Targeted ablation of TRAF6 inhibits skeletal muscle wasting in mice. J Cell Biol 191:1395\u20131411","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"1933_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.12.023","volume":"182","author":"F Penna","year":"2013","unstructured":"Penna F, Costamagna D, Pin F, Camperi A, Fanzani A, Chiarpotto EM, Cavallini G, Bonelli G, Baccino FM, Costelli P (2013) Autophagic degradation contributes to muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. Am J Pathol 182:1367\u20131378","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1933_CR120","first-page":"1194","volume":"83","author":"F Petraglia","year":"1998","unstructured":"Petraglia F, Florio P, Luisi S, Gallo R, Gadducci A, Vigan\u00f3 P, Di Blasio AM, Genazzani AR, Vale W (1998) Expression and secretion of inhibin and activin A in normal and neoplastic uterine tissues. High levels of serum activin A in women with endometrial and cervical carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:1194\u20131200","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1933_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2870fje","volume":"19","author":"T Phillips","year":"2005","unstructured":"Phillips T, Leeuwenburgh C (2005) Muscle fiber-specific apoptosis and TNF-alpha signaling in sarcopenia are attenuated by life-long calorie restriction. FASEB J 19:668\u2013670","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1933_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1159\/000207793","volume":"78","author":"K Piehl-Aulin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Piehl-Aulin K, Jones I, Lindvall B, Magnuson A, Abdel-Halim SM (2009) Increased serum inflammatory markers in the absence of clinical and skeletal muscle inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 78:191\u2013196","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"1933_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0382OC","volume":"42","author":"PJ Plant","year":"2010","unstructured":"Plant PJ, Brooks D, Faughnan M, Bayley T, Bain J, Singer L, Correa J, Pearce D, Binnie M, Batt J (2010) Cellular markers of muscle atrophy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 42:461\u2013471","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"1933_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.144","volume":"106","author":"CM Prado","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prado CM, Bekaii-Saab T, Doyle LA, Shrestha S, Ghosh S, Baracos VE, Sawyer MB (2012) Skeletal muscle anabolism is a side effect of therapy with the MEK inhibitor: selumetinib in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Brit J Cancer 106:1583\u20131586","journal-title":"Brit J Cancer"},{"key":"1933_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2010.11.004","volume":"46","author":"JA Rahnert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rahnert JA, Luo Q, Balog EM, Sokoloff AJ, Burkholder TJ (2011) Changes in growth-related kinases in head, neck and limb muscles with age. Exp Gerontol 46:282\u2013291","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"1933_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr025","volume":"66","author":"A Ratkevicius","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ratkevicius A, Joyson A, Selmer I, Dhanani T, Grierson C, Tommasi AM, DeVries A, Rauchhaus P, Crowther D, Alesci S, Yaworsky P, Gilbert F, Redpath TW, Brady J, Fearon KC, Reid DM, Greig CA, Wackerhage H (2011) Serum concentrations of myostatin and myostatin-interacting proteins do not differ between young and sarcopenic elderly men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 66:620\u2013626","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"1933_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5483","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.178319","volume":"587","author":"I Rieu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rieu I, Magne H, Savary-Auzeloux I, Averous J, Bos C, Peyron MA, Combaret L, Dardevet D (2009) Reduction of low grade inflammation restores blunting of postprandial muscle anabolism and limits sarcopenia in old rats. J Physiol 587:5483\u20135492","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00412.2012","volume":"113","author":"DA Rivas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rivas DA, Morris EP, Haran PH, Pasha EP, Morais Mda S, Dornikowski GG, Phillips EM, Fielding RA (2012) Increased ceramide content and NF\u03baB signaling may contribute to the attenuation of anabolic signaling after resistance exercise in aged males. J Appl Physiol 113:1727\u20131736","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1689-x","volume":"71","author":"J Rodriguez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rodriguez J, Vernus B, Chelh I, Cassar-Malek I, Gabillard JC, Hadj Sassi A, Seiliez I, Picard B, Bonnieu A (2014) Myostatin and the skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy signaling pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 71:4361\u20134371","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"1933_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.031","volume":"98","author":"O Rom","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rom O, Reznick AZ (2016) The role of E3 ubiquitin-ligases MuRF-1 and MAFbx in loss of skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 98:218\u2013230","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"1933_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1101-1009","volume":"3","author":"C Rommel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rommel C, Bodine SC, Clarke BA, Rossman R, Nunez L, Stitt TN, Yancopoulos GD, Glass DJ (2001) Mediation of IGF-1-induced skeletal myotube hypertrophy by PI(3)K\/Akt\/mTOR and PI(3)K\/Akt\/GSK3 pathways. Nat Cell Biol 3:1009\u20131013","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"1933_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.5.2.7495","volume":"5","author":"SW Ryter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ryter SW, Chen ZH, Kim HP, Choi AMK (2009) Autophagy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Autophagy 5:235\u2013237","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"1933_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2174\/1874609811003020090","volume":"3","author":"K Sakuma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sakuma K, Yamaguchi A (2010) Molecular mechanisms in aging and current strategies to counteract sarcopenia. Curr Aging Sci 3:90\u2013101","journal-title":"Curr Aging Sci"},{"key":"1933_CR134","first-page":"284","volume":"1","author":"K Sakuma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sakuma K, Yamaguchi A (2011a) Inhibitors of myostatin- and proteasome-dependent signaling for attenuating muscle wasting. Recent Pat Regen Med 1:284\u2013298","journal-title":"Recent Pat Regen Med"},{"key":"1933_CR135","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Cell Aging","author":"K Sakuma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sakuma K, Yamaguchi A (2011b) Sarcopenia: molecular mechanisms and current therapeutic strategy. In: Perloft JW, Wong AH (eds) Cell Aging. Nova, Commack, pp 93\u2013152"},{"key":"1933_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0052-4","volume":"3","author":"K Sakuma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sakuma K, Yamaguchi A (2012) Sarcopenia and cachexia: the adaptation of negative regulators of skeletal muscle mass. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 3:77\u201394","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"1933_CR137","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Basic biology and current understanding of skeletal muscle","author":"K Sakuma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sakuma K, Yamaguchi A (2013) An overview of the therapeutic strategies for preventing sarcopenia. In: Sakuma K (ed) Basic biology and current understanding of skeletal muscle. Nova, Commack, pp 87\u2013123"},{"key":"1933_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007422","volume":"99","author":"K Sakuma","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sakuma K, Watanabe K, Sano M, Kitajima S, Sakamoto K, Uramoto I, Totsuka T (2000) The adaptive response of transforming growth factor-beta 2 and -beta RII in the overloaded, regenerating, and denervated muscle of rats. Acta Neuropahol 99:177\u2013185","journal-title":"Acta Neuropahol"},{"key":"1933_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2009.01995.x","volume":"197","author":"K Sakuma","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sakuma K, Watanabe K, Hotta N, Koike T, Ishida K, Katayama K, Akima H (2009) The adaptive response in several mediators linked with hypertrophy and atrophy of skeletal muscle after lower limb unloading in humans. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 197:151\u2013159","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1933_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-014-1527-x","volume":"467","author":"K Sakuma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sakuma K, Aoi W, Yamaguchi A (2014) Current understanding of sarcopenia: possible candidates modulating muscle mass. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 467:213\u2013229","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"1933_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12045","volume":"7","author":"K Sakuma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sakuma K, Kinoshita M, Ito Y, Aizawa M, Aoi W, Yamaguchi A (2016) p62\/SQSTM1 but not LC3 is accumulated in sarcopenic muscle of mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 7:204\u2013212","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"1933_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3283457a75","volume":"14","author":"M Sandri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sandri M (2011) New findings of lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 14:223\u2013229","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"1933_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-013-9432-9","volume":"14","author":"M Sandri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sandri M, Barberi L, Bijlsma AY, Blaauw B, Dyar KA, Milan G, Mammucari C, Meskers CG, Pallafacchina G, Paoli A, Pion D, Roceri M, Romanello V, Serrano AL, Toniolo L, Larsson L, Maier AB, Mu\u00f1oz-C\u00e1noves P, Musar\u00f2 A, Pende M, Reggiani C, Rizzuto R, Schiaffino S (2013) Signaling pathways regulating muscle maqss in ageing skeletal muscle. The role of IGF-1-Akt-mTOR-FoxO pathway. Biogerontology 14:303\u2013323","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"1933_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1248","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00104.2009","volume":"296","author":"R Sartori","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sartori R, Milan G, Patron M, Mammucari C, Blaauw B, Abraham R, Sandri M (2009) Smad2 and 3 transcription factors control muscle mass in adulthood. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 296:C1248\u2013C1257","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2014.06.002","volume":"25","author":"R Sartori","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sartori R, Gregorevic P, Sandri M (2014) TGF\u03b2 and BMP signaling in skeletal muscle: potential significance for muscle-related disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 25:469\u2013471","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1933_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp097","volume":"64A","author":"LA Schaap","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schaap LA, Pluijim SM, Deeg DJ, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Colbert LH, Pahor M, Rubin SM, Tylavsky FA, Visser M, Health ABC Study (2009) Higher inflammatory marker levels in older persons: associations with 5-year change in muscle mass and muscle strength. J Gerontol Series A Biol Sci Med Sci 64A:1183\u20131189","journal-title":"J Gerontol Series A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"1933_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-003-0411-1","volume":"98","author":"PC Schulze","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schulze PC, Gielen S, Adams V, Linke A, M\u00f6bius-Winkler S, Erbs S, Kratzsch J, Hambrecht R, Schuler G (2003) Muscular levels of proinflammatory cytokines correlate with a reduced expression of insulin-like growth factor-I in chronic heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 98:267\u2013274","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"1933_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2012.72","volume":"20","author":"S Shaid","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shaid S, Brandts CH, Serve H, Dikic I (2013) Ubiquitination and selective autophagy. Cell Death Differ 20:21\u201330","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"1933_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199907)180:1<1::AID-JCP1>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"180","author":"M Sharma","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sharma M, Kambadur R, Matthews KG, Somers WG, Devlin GP, Conaglen JV, Fowke PJ, Bass JJ (1999) Myostatin, a transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member, is expressed in heart muscle and is upregulated in cardiomyocytes after infarct. J Cell Physiol 180:1\u20139","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E92","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00366.2003","volume":"286","author":"KR Short","year":"2004","unstructured":"Short KR, Vittone JL, Bigelow ML, Proctor DN, Nair KS (2004) Age, and aerobic exercise training effects on whole body and muscle protein metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286:E92\u2013E101","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1933_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01718.x","volume":"36","author":"KG Shyu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shyu KG, Lu MJ, Wang BW, Sun HY, Chang H (2006) Myostatin expression in ventricular myocardium in a rat model of volume-overload heart failure. Eur J Clin Investig 36:713\u2013719","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Investig"},{"key":"1933_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20778","volume":"209","author":"V Siriett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Siriett V, Platt L, Salerno MS, Ling N, Kambadur R, Sharma M (2006) Prolonged absence of myostatin reduces sarcopenia. J Cell Physiol 209:866\u2013873","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1993.126","volume":"67","author":"KL Smith","year":"1993","unstructured":"Smith KL, Tisdale MJ (1993) Increased protein degradation and decreased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle during cancer cachexia. Br J Cancer 67:680\u2013685","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1933_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2011.00734.x","volume":"10","author":"S Sriram","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sriram S, Subramanian S, Sathiakumar D, Venkatesh R, Salerno MS, McFarlane CD, Kambadur R, Sharma M (2011) Modulation of reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscle by myostatin is mediated through NF-\u03baB. Aging Cell 10:931\u2013948","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"1933_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.4.9903022","volume":"161","author":"N Takabatake","year":"2000","unstructured":"Takabatake N, Nakamura H, Abe S, Inoue S, Hino T, Saito H, Yuki H, Kato S, Tomoike H (2000) The relationship between chronic hypoxemia and activation of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:1179\u20131184","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1933_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21955","volume":"222","author":"K Tang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tang K, Wagner PD, Breen EC (2010) TNF-alpha-mediated reduction in PGC-1alpha may impair skeletal muscle function after cigarette smoke exposure. J Cell Physiol 222:320\u2013327","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.063859","volume":"98","author":"N Tardif","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tardif N, Klaude M, Lundell L, Thorell A, Rooyackers O (2013) Autophagic-lysosomal pathway is the main proteolytic system modified in the skeletal muscle of esophageal cancer patients. Am J Clin Nutr 98:1485\u20131492","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1933_CR158","first-page":"5568","volume":"54","author":"S Temparis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Temparis S, Asensi M, Taillandier D, Aurousseau E, Larbaud D, Obled A, B\u00e9chet D, Ferrara M, Estrela JM, Atttaix D (1994) Increased ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in skeletal muscle of tumor-bearing rats. Cancer Res 54:5568\u20135573","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"1933_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.197","volume":"8","author":"A Terman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Terman A, Brunk UT (2006) Oxidative stress, accumulation of biological \u2018garbage\u2019, and aging. Antioxid Redox Signal 8:197\u2013204","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"1933_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1993.1479","volume":"306","author":"L Tessitore","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tessitore L, Costelli P, Baccino FM (1993) Cancer cachexia, malnutrition, and tissue protein turnover in experimental animals. Arch Biochem Biophys 306:52\u201358","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"1933_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00091108","volume":"35","author":"D Testelmans","year":"2010","unstructured":"Testelmans D, Crul T, Maes K, Agten A, Comach M, Decramer M, Gayan-Ramirez G (2010) Atrophy and hypertrophy signaling in the diaphragm of patients with COPD. Eur Respir J 35:549\u2013556","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"1933_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.107490","volume":"574","author":"DM Thomson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thomson DM, Gordon SE (2006) Impaired overload-induced muscle growth is associated with diminished translational signaling in aged rat fast-twith skeletal muscle. J Physiol 574:291\u2013305","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00589-7","volume":"27","author":"G Torre-Amione","year":"1996","unstructured":"Torre-Amione G, Kapadia S, Benedict C, Oral H, Young JB, Mann DL (1996) Proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction: a report from studies of left ventricular dysfunction (solvd). J Am Coll Cardiol 27:1201\u20131206","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1933_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00570.2005","volume":"100","author":"MJ Toth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Toth MJ, Ades PA, LeWinter MM, Tracy RP, Tchernof A (2006) Skeletal muscle myofibrillar mRNA expression in heart failure: relationship to local and circulating hormones. J Appl Physiol 100:35\u201341","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00545.2010","volume":"110","author":"MJ Toth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Toth MJ, Ward K, van der Velden J, Miller MS, VanBuren P, LeWinter MM, Ades PA (2011) Chronic heart failure reduces Akt phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle: relationship to muscle size and function. J Appl Physiol 110:892\u2013900","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1258","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00105.2009","volume":"296","author":"AU Trendelenburg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Trendelenburg AU, Meyer A, Rohner D, Boyle J, Hatakeyama S, Glass DJ (2009) Myostatin reduces Akt\/TORC1\/p70S6K signaling, inhibiting myoblast differentiation and myotube size. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 296:C1258\u2013C1270","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1933_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2003.10.004","volume":"6","author":"T Tsutamoto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tsutamoto T, Wada A, Ohnishi M, Tsutsui T, Ishii C, Ohno K, Fujii M, Matsumoto T, Yamamoto T, Takayama T, Dohke T, Horie M (2004) Transcardiac increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and left ventricular end-diastolic volume in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 6:173\u2013180","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"1933_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-013-1096-z","volume":"92","author":"A Vainshtein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vainshtein A, Grumati P, Sandri M, Bonaldo P (2014) Skeletal muscle, autophagy, and physical activity: the m\u00e9nage \u00e1 trois of metabolic regulation in health and disease. J Mol Med 92:127\u2013137","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"1933_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-114249","volume":"23","author":"D Van Gammeren","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Gammeren D, Damrauer JS, Jackman RW, Kandarian SC (2009) The IkappaB kinases IKKalpha and IKKbeta are necessary and sufficient for skeletal muscle atrophy. FASEB J 23:362\u2013370","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1933_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201209-1665OC","volume":"187","author":"LE Vanfleteren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vanfleteren LE, Spruit MA, Groenen M, Gaffron S, van Empel VP, Bruijnzeel PL, Rutten EP, Op \u2019t Roodt J, Wouters EF, Franssen FM (2013) Clusters of comorbidities based on validated objective measurements and systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 187:728\u2013735","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1933_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00112909","volume":"36","author":"I Vogiatzis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vogiatzis I, Simoes DC, Stratakos G, Kourepini E, Terzis G, Manta P, Athanasopoulos D, Roussos C, Wagner PD, Zakynthinos S (2010) Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on muscle remodeling in cachectic patients with COPD. Eur Respir J 36:301\u2013310","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"1933_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0164-8","volume":"5","author":"S Haehling von","year":"2014","unstructured":"von Haehling S, Anker SD (2014) Prevalence, incidence and clinical impact of cachexia: facts and numbers-update 2014. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 5:261\u2013263","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"1933_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-010-0014-2","volume":"1","author":"S Haehling von","year":"2010","unstructured":"von Haehling S, Morley JE, Anker SD (2010) An overview of sarcopenia: facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 1:129\u2013133","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"1933_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3961","volume":"11","author":"DL Waning","year":"2015","unstructured":"Waning DL, Nohammad KS, Reiken S, Xie W, Andersson DC, John S, Chiechi A, Wright LE, Umanskaya A, Niewolna M, Trivedi T, Charkhzarrin S, Khatiwada P, Wronska A, Haynes A, Benassi MS, Witzmann FA, Zhen G, Wang X, Cao X, Roodman GD, Marks AR, Guise TA (2015) Excess TGF-\u03b2 mediates muscle weakness associated with bone metastases in mice. Nature Med 11:1262\u20131271","journal-title":"Nature Med"},{"key":"1933_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.14.1.103","volume":"14","author":"M Wehling","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wehling M, Cai B, Tidball JG (2000) Modulation of myostatin expression during modified muscle use. FASEB J 14:103\u2013110","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1933_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(02)00025-6","volume":"37","author":"S Welle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Welle S, Bhatt K, Shah B, Thornton C (2002) Insulin-like growth factor-1 and myostatin mRNA expression in muscle: comparison between 62 and 77 and 21-31\u00a0yr old men. Exp Gerontol 37:833\u2013839","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"1933_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00049.2003","volume":"14","author":"S Welle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Welle S, Brooks AI, Delehanty JM, Needler N, Thornton CA (2003) Gene expression profile of aging in human muscle. Physiol Genomics 14:149\u2013159","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"1933_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20405","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911570106","volume":"106","author":"T Wenz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wenz T, Rossi SG, Rotundo RL, Spiegelman BM, Moraes CT (2009) Increased muscle PGC-1alpha expression protects from sarcopenia and metabolic disease during aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:20405\u201320410","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1933_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1159\/000356740","volume":"60","author":"TA White","year":"2014","unstructured":"White TA, LeBrasseur NK (2014) Myostatin and sarcopenia: opportunities and challenges\u2014a mini-review. Gerontology 60:289\u2013293","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"1933_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24650","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024650","volume":"6","author":"JP White","year":"2011","unstructured":"White JP, Baynes JW, Welle SL, Kostek MC, Matesic LE, Sato S, Carson JA (2011) The regulation of skeletal muscle protein turnover during the progression of cancer cachexia in the APC (Min\/+) mouse. PLoS One 6:e24650","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1933_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-005-1473-8","volume":"450","author":"SA Whitman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Whitman SA, Wacker MJ, Richmond SR, Godard MP (2005) Contributions of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and apoptosis to human skeletal muscle wasting with age. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch 450:437\u2013446","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"1933_CR182","first-page":"18","volume":"6","author":"B Wiedenmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wiedenmann B, Malfertheiner P, Friess H, Ritch P, Arseneau J, Mantovani G, Caprioni F, Van Custem E, Richel D, DeWitte M, Qi M, Robinson D Jr, Zhong B, De Boer C, Lu JD, Prabhakar U, Corringham R, Von Hoff D (2008) A multicenter, phase II study of infliximab plus gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cachexia. J Support Oncol 6:18\u201325","journal-title":"J Support Oncol"},{"key":"1933_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.045708","volume":"96","author":"JP Williams","year":"2012","unstructured":"Williams JP, Phillips BE, Smith K, Atherton PJ, Rankin D, Selby AL, Liptrot S, Lund J, Larvin M, Rennie MJ (2012) Effect of tumor burden and subsequent surgical resection on skeletal muscle mass and protein turnover in colorectal cancer patients. Am J Clin Nutr 96:1064\u20131070","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1933_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2009.11.002","volume":"45","author":"SE Wohlgemuth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wohlgemuth SE, Seo AY, Marzetti E, Lees HA, Leeuwenburgh C (2010) Skeletal muscle autophagy and apoptosis during aging: effects of calorie restriction and life-long exercise. Exp Gerontol 45:138\u2013148","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"1933_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15842","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2534946100","volume":"100","author":"NM Wolfman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wolfman NM, McPherron AC, Pappano WN, Davies MV, Song K, Tomkinson KN, Wright JF, Zhao L, Sebald SM, Greenspan DS, Lee SJ (2003) Activation of latent myostatin by the BMP-1\/tolloid family of metalloproteinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:15842\u201315846","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1933_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.12.009","volume":"178","author":"A Wysong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wysong A, Couch M, Shadfar S, Li L, Rodriguez JE, Asher S, Yin X, Gore M, Baldwin A, Patterson C, Willis MS (2011) NF-\u03baB inhibition protects against tumor-induced cardiac atrophy in vivo. Am J Pathol 178:1059\u20131068","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1933_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3799","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M610185200","volume":"282","author":"W Yang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yang W, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wu Z, Zhu D (2007) Myostatin induces cyclin D1 degradation to cause cell cycle arrest through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2 pathway and is antagonized by insulin-like growth factor 1. J Biol Chem 282:3799\u20133808","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1933_CR188","first-page":"343","volume":"6","author":"KE Yarasheski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yarasheski KE, Bhasin S, Sinha-Hikim I, Pak-Loduca J, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF (2002) Serum myostatin-immunoreactive protein is increased in 60- to 92-year-old women and men with muscle wasting. J Nutr Health Aging 6:343\u2013348","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"1933_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.1041500","volume":"16","author":"H Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang H, Garcia JM (2015) Anamorelin hydrochloride for the treatment cancer-anorexia-cachexia in NSCLC. Expert Opin Pharmacother 16:1245\u20131253","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"1933_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.11.004","volume":"6","author":"J Zhao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhao J, Brault JJ, Schild A, Cao P, Sandri M, Schiaffino S, Lecker SH, Goldberg AL (2007) FoxO3 coordinately activates protein degradation by the autophagic\/lysosomal and proteasomal pathways in atrophying muscle cells. Cell Metab 6:472\u2013483","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"1933_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.07.011","volume":"142","author":"X Zhou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhou X, Wang JL, Lu J, Song Y, Kwak KS, Jiao Q, Rosenfeld R, Chen Q, Boone T, Simonet WS, Lacey DL, Goldberg AL, Han HQ (2010) Reversal of cancer cachexia and muscle wasting by ActRIIB antagonism leads to prolonged survival. Cell 142:531\u2013543","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1933_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64398","volume":"123","author":"J Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou J, Freeman TA, Ahmad F, Shang X, Mangano E, Gao E, Farber J, Wang Y, Ma XL, Woodgett J, Vagnozzi RJ, Lai H, Force T (2013) GSK-3\u03b1 is a central regulator of age-related pathologies in mice. J Clin Invest 123:1821\u20131832","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1933_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069525","volume":"296","author":"TA Zimmers","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zimmers TA, Davies MV, Koniaris LG, Haynes P, Esquela AF, Tomkinson KN, McPherron AC, Wolfman NM, Lee SJ (2002) Induction of cachexia in mice by systemically administered myostatin. Science 296:1486\u20131488","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1933_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3025","volume":"12","author":"R Zoncu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zoncu R, Efeyan A, Sabatini DM (2011) mTOR: from growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12:21\u201335","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"}],"container-title":["Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00424-016-1933-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00424-016-1933-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00424-016-1933-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T01:26:10Z","timestamp":1658453170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00424-016-1933-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]},"references-count":194,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-016-1933-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-6768","1432-2013"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-6768","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2013","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]}}}