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Endocrine effects of FGF23 depend, at least in part, on \u03b1Klotho functioning as a co-receptor whereas further paracrine effects in other tissues are \u03b1Klotho-independent. Regulation of FGF23 production is complex under both, physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Physiological regulators of FGF23 include, but are not limited to, 1,25(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , PTH, dietary phosphorus intake, and further intracellular and extracellular factors, kinases, cytokines, and hormones. Moreover, several acute and chronic diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD) or further cardiovascular disorders are characterized by early rises in the plasma FGF23 level pointing to further mechanisms effective in the regulation of FGF23 under pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, FGF23 also serves as a prognostic marker in several diseases. Our review aims to comprehensively summarize the regulation of FGF23 in health and disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-022-02668-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T10:23:03Z","timestamp":1643278983000},"page":"281-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["The regulation of FGF23 under physiological and pathophysiological conditions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"474","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7621-5807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Rausch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2074-4827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"F\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2668_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.10.019","volume":"97","author":"K-I Akiyama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akiyama K-I, Miura Y, Hayashi H et al (2020) Calciprotein particles regulate fibroblast growth factor-23 expression in osteoblasts. 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