{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:33:08Z","timestamp":1782484388745,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL 3351\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL 3351\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002957","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ischemic retinopathies (IR) are vision-threatening diseases that affect a substantial amount of people across all age groups worldwide. The current treatment options of photocoagulation and anti-VEGF therapy have side effects and are occasionally unable to prevent disease progression. It is therefore worthwhile to consider other molecular targets for the development of novel treatment strategies that could be safer and more efficient. During the manifestation of IR, the retina, normally an immune privileged tissue, encounters enhanced levels of cellular stress and inflammation that attract mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) from the blood stream and activate resident MPs (microglia). Activated MPs have a multitude of effects within the retinal tissue and have the potential to both counter and exacerbate the harmful tissue microenvironment. The present review discusses the current knowledge about the role of inflammation and activated retinal MPs in the major IRs: retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy. We focus particularly on MPs and their secreted factors and cell\u2013cell-based interactions between MPs and endothelial cells. We conclude that activated MPs play a major role in the manifestation and progression of IRs and could therefore become a promising new target for novel pharmacological intervention strategies in these diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-022-02695-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T12:05:08Z","timestamp":1651925108000},"page":"575-590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Harnessing retinal phagocytes to combat pathological neovascularization in ischemic retinopathies?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"474","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Klotzsche-von Ameln","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sprott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2695_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altmann, C. and M.H.H. Schmidt, The role of microglia in diabetic retinopathy: inflammation, microvasculature defects and neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci, 2018. 19(1).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010110"},{"issue":"13","key":"2695_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005073","volume":"366","author":"DA Antonetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antonetti DA, Klein R, Gardner TW (2012) Diabetic retinopathy. N Engl J Med 366(13):1227\u20131239","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2695_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.05.024","volume":"1862","author":"AI Arroba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arroba AI et al (2016) Modulation of microglia polarization dynamics during diabetic retinopathy in db\/db mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 1862(9):1663\u20131674","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"11","key":"2695_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2013.03.026","volume":"319","author":"C Baer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baer C et al (2013) Reciprocal interactions between endothelial cells and macrophages in angiogenic vascular niches. Exp Cell Res 319(11):1626\u20131634","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2695_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1409","volume":"46","author":"GR Barile","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barile GR et al (2005) The RAGE axis in early diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46(8):2916\u20132924","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2695_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.8.3336.bloodjournal8783336","volume":"87","author":"B Barleon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barleon B et al (1996) Migration of human monocytes in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is mediated via the VEGF receptor flt-1. Blood 87(8):3336\u20133343","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"2695_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0082","volume":"48","author":"JM Barnett","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barnett JM et al (2007) Pharmacologic and genetic manipulation of MMP-2 and -9 affects retinal neovascularization in rodent models of OIR. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48(2):907\u2013915","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2695_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2015.05.015","volume":"335","author":"JP Barrett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barrett JP et al (2015) Involvement of IGF-1 and Akt in M1\/M2 activation state in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Exp Cell Res 335(2):258\u2013268","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2695_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.07.010","volume":"22","author":"F Binet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Binet F, Sapieha P (2015) ER stress and angiogenesis. Cell Metab 22(4):560\u2013575","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2695_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23810","volume":"68","author":"M Boeck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boeck M et al (2020) Temporospatial distribution and transcriptional profile of retinal microglia in the oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse model. Glia 68(9):1859\u20131873","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"12","key":"2695_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5594","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21973","volume":"58","author":"JD Boss","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boss JD et al (2017) Assessment of neurotrophins and inflammatory mediators in vitreous of patients with diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 58(12):5594\u20135603","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"2695_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct0908432","volume":"365","author":"NM Bressler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bressler NM, Beck RW, Ferris FL 3rd (2011) Panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. N Engl J Med 365(16):1520\u20131526","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2695_CR13","unstructured":"Brown, A.C. and K. Nwanyanwu, Retinopathy of prematurity, in StatPearls. 2021: Treasure Island (FL)."},{"key":"2695_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-8794-1-26","volume":"1","author":"RM Brucklacher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brucklacher RM et al (2008) Whole genome assessment of the retinal response to diabetes reveals a progressive neurovascular inflammatory response. BMC Med Genomics 1:26","journal-title":"BMC Med Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.1.80","volume":"23","author":"R Burgos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Burgos R et al (2000) Vitreous levels of IGF-I, IGF binding protein 1, and IGF binding protein 3 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a case-control study. Diabetes Care 23(1):80\u201383","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2695_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.811818","volume":"12","author":"A Canovai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Canovai A et al (2021) Preventive efficacy of an antioxidant compound on blood retinal barrier breakdown and visual dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Front Pharmacol 12:811818","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2695_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandrasekaran, P.R. and V.G. 2022 Madanagopalan, Role of curcumin in retinal diseases\u2013a review. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05542-0"},{"issue":"8","key":"2695_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1522","volume":"47","author":"D Checchin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Checchin D et al (2006) Potential role of microglia in retinal blood vessel formation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47(8):3595\u20133602","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2695_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7052","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7380","volume":"52","author":"ML Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen ML et al (2011) Placenta microbiology and histology and the risk for severe retinopathy of prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52(10):7052\u20137058","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12695","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69684-7","volume":"10","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng Y et al (2020) Serum levels of cytokines in infants treated with conbercept for retinopathy of prematurity. Sci Rep 10(1):12695","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2695_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-1947-5","volume":"469","author":"HR Chinnery","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chinnery HR, McMenamin PG, Dando SJ (2017) Macrophage physiology in the eye. Pflugers Arch 469(3\u20134):501\u2013515","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"issue":"7","key":"2695_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1591","volume":"13","author":"KM Connor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Connor KM et al (2007) Increased dietary intake of omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces pathological retinal angiogenesis. Nat Med 13(7):868\u2013873","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2695_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.187","volume":"4","author":"KM Connor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Connor KM et al (2009) Quantification of oxygen-induced retinopathy in the mouse: a model of vessel loss, vessel regrowth and pathological angiogenesis. Nat Protoc 4(11):1565\u20131573","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2695_CR24","first-page":"467","volume":"12","author":"MH Davies","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davies MH, Eubanks JP, Powers MR (2006) Microglia and macrophages are increased in response to ischemia-induced retinopathy in the mouse retina. Mol Vis 12:467\u2013477","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2695_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1491","volume":"49","author":"MH Davies","year":"2008","unstructured":"Davies MH, Stempel AJ, Powers MR (2008) MCP-1 deficiency delays regression of pathologic retinal neovascularization in a model of ischemic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49(9):4195\u20134202","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2695_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600402","volume":"197","author":"S Dehn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dehn S et al (2016) HIF-2alpha in resting macrophages tempers mitochondrial reactive oxygen species to selectively repress MARCO-dependent phagocytosis. J Immunol 197(9):3639\u20133649","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2695_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4807","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76492","volume":"124","author":"A Dejda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dejda A et al (2014) Neuropilin-1 mediates myeloid cell chemoattraction and influences retinal neuroimmune crosstalk. J Clin Invest 124(11):4807\u20134822","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"2695_CR28","first-page":"804","volume":"9","author":"Y Di","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Y, Nie QZ, Chen XL (2016) Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression change in experimental retinal neovascularization. Int J Ophthalmol 9(6):804\u2013808","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2695_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2005.04.005","volume":"70","author":"KA Dzenko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dzenko KA et al (2005) CCR2 expression by brain microvascular endothelial cells is critical for macrophage transendothelial migration in response to CCL2. Microvasc Res 70(1\u20132):53\u201364","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2695_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601520","volume":"198","author":"MR Elliott","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elliott MR, Koster KM, Murphy PS (2017) Efferocytosis signaling in the regulation of macrophage inflammatory responses. J Immunol 198(4):1387\u20131394","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2695_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.107","volume":"27","author":"KG Falavarjani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Falavarjani KG, Nguyen QD (2013) Adverse events and complications associated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents: a review of literature. Eye (Lond) 27(7):787\u2013794","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"2695_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-120","volume":"8","author":"F Fischer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fischer F, Martin G, Agostini HT (2011) Activation of retinal microglia rather than microglial cell density correlates with retinal neovascularization in the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. J Neuroinflammation 8:120","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2695_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62284-5","volume":"166","author":"TA Gardiner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gardiner TA et al (2005) Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha improves physiological angiogenesis and reduces pathological neovascularization in ischemic retinopathy. Am J Pathol 166(2):637\u2013644","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR34","first-page":"41","volume":"2","author":"TA Gardiner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gardiner TA, Stitt AW (2022) Juxtavascular microglia scavenge dying pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in diabetic retinopathy. Int J Transl Med 2(1):41\u201350","journal-title":"Int J Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2695_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3A1215-554RR","volume":"100","author":"P Gordon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gordon P et al (2016) SOCS3 is a modulator of human macrophage phagocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 100(4):771\u2013780","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0454","volume":"60","author":"HP Hammes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hammes HP et al (2011) Diabetic retinopathy: targeting vasoregression. Diabetes 60(1):9\u201316","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"12","key":"2695_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02445.x","volume":"100","author":"AL Hard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hard AL, Hellstrom A (2011) On safety, pharmacokinetics and dosage of bevacizumab in ROP treatment - a review. Acta Paediatr 100(12):1523\u20131527","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2695_CR38","first-page":"96","volume":"108","author":"ME Hartnett","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hartnett ME (2010) Studies on the pathogenesis of avascular retina and neovascularization into the vitreous in peripheral severe retinopathy of prematurity (an american ophthalmological society thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 108:96\u2013119","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.07.050","volume":"122","author":"ME Hartnett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hartnett ME (2015) Pathophysiology and mechanisms of severe retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology 122(1):200\u2013210","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2695_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq140","volume":"87","author":"P He","year":"2010","unstructured":"He P (2010) Leucocyte\/endothelium interactions and microvessel permeability: coupled or uncoupled? Cardiovasc Res 87(2):281\u2013290","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"9902","key":"2695_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60178-6","volume":"382","author":"A Hellstrom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hellstrom A, Smith LE, Dammann O (2013) Retinopathy of prematurity. Lancet 382(9902):1445\u20131457","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2695_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2016.09.005","volume":"30\u201331","author":"A Hellstrom","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hellstrom A et al (2016) IGF-I in the clinics: use in retinopathy of prematurity. Growth Horm IGF Res 30\u201331:75\u201380","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"issue":"6209","key":"2695_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1258705","volume":"346","author":"L Hepburn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hepburn L et al (2014) Innate immunity A Spaetzle-like role for nerve growth factor beta in vertebrate immunity to Staphylococcus aureus. Science 346(6209):641\u2013646","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2695_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.5.601","volume":"116","author":"RD Higgins","year":"1998","unstructured":"Higgins RD et al (1998) Antenatal dexamethasone and decreased severity of retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 116(5):601\u2013605","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2695_CR45","first-page":"1217","volume":"41","author":"S Hughes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hughes S, Yang H, Chan-Ling T (2000) Vascularization of the human fetal retina: roles of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41(5):1217\u20131228","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2695_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20022027","volume":"198","author":"S Ishida","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ishida S et al (2003) VEGF164-mediated inflammation is required for pathological, but not physiological, ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization. J Exp Med 198(3):483\u2013489","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0157fje","volume":"17","author":"AM Joussen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Joussen AM et al (2003) Suppression of Fas-FasL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis prevents diabetic blood-retinal barrier breakdown in a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. FASEB J 17(1):76\u201378","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2695_CR48","first-page":"475","volume":"6","author":"RH Ju","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ju RH et al (2013) Spontaneous regression of retinopathy of prematurity: incidence and predictive factors. Int J Ophthalmol 6(4):475\u2013480","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2695_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155542","volume":"143","author":"I Jung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jung I et al (2021) Interferon-gamma inhibits retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of ischemic retinopathy. Cytokine 143:155542","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"9","key":"2695_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4162","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1738","volume":"49","author":"H Kaneko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaneko H et al (2008) Characteristics of bone marrow-derived microglia in the normal and injured retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49(9):4162\u20134168","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2695_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5798","volume":"52","author":"K Kataoka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kataoka K et al (2011) The roles of vitreal macrophages and circulating leukocytes in retinal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52(3):1431\u20131438","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2695_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-007-9159-5","volume":"39","author":"T Khalfaoui","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khalfaoui T, Lizard G, Ouertani-Meddeb A (2008) Adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. J Mol Histol 39(2):243\u2013249","journal-title":"J Mol Histol"},{"key":"2695_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564077","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.564077","volume":"11","author":"UM Kinuthia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kinuthia UM, Wolf A, Langmann T (2020) Microglia and inflammatory responses in diabetic retinopathy. Front Immunol 11:564077","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2695_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108908","volume":"215","author":"IP Klaska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klaska IP et al (2021) Intravitreal administration of recombinant human opticin protects against hyperoxia-induced pre-retinal neovascularization. Exp Eye Res 215:108908","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2695_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1160\/TH16-05-0354","volume":"117","author":"A Klotzsche-von Ameln","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klotzsche-von Ameln A et al (2017) Endogenous developmental endothelial locus-1 limits ischaemia-related angiogenesis by blocking inflammation. Thromb Haemost 117(6):1150\u20131163","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"2695_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305321","volume":"99","author":"Y Kobayashi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kobayashi Y et al (2015) Overexpression of CD163 in vitreous and fibrovascular membranes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: possible involvement of periostin. Br J Ophthalmol 99(4):451\u2013456","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2695_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korovina, I., et al., Hematopoietic hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha deficiency ameliorates pathological retinal neovascularization via modulation of endothelial cell apoptosis. FASEB J, 2018: p. fj201800430R.","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800430R"},{"key":"2695_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korovina, I., et al., Myeloid SOCS3 deficiency regulates angiogenesis via enhanced apoptotic endothelial cell engulfment. J Innate Immun, 2019: p. 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1159\/000502645"},{"issue":"6","key":"2695_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2012.681043","volume":"21","author":"RA Kowluru","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kowluru RA, Zhong Q, Santos JM (2012) Matrix metalloproteinases in diabetic retinopathy: potential role of MMP-9. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 21(6):797\u2013805","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"2695_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081605","volume":"206","author":"Y Kubota","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kubota Y et al (2009) M-CSF inhibition selectively targets pathological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. J Exp Med 206(5):1089\u20131102","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2695_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319767","volume":"106","author":"PP Larsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Larsen PP et al (2021) Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in Germany: evaluation of current screening criteria. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 106(2):189\u2013193","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8514","volume":"53","author":"MM Le Goff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Le Goff MM et al (2012) The vitreous glycoprotein opticin inhibits preretinal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53(1):228\u2013234","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"33","key":"2695_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28027","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.331157","volume":"287","author":"MM Le Goff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Le Goff MM et al (2012) Opticin exerts its anti-angiogenic activity by regulating extracellular matrix adhesiveness. J Biol Chem 287(33):28027\u201328036","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2695_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.04.003","volume":"139","author":"J Lechner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lechner J, O\u2019Leary OE, Stitt AW (2017) The pathology associated with diabetic retinopathy. Vision Res 139:7\u201314","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2011.08.007","volume":"17","author":"J Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee J, Dammann O (2012) Perinatal infection, inflammation, and retinopathy of prematurity. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 17(1):26\u201329","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"2695_CR66","first-page":"6175","volume":"22","author":"F Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li F et al (2018) IGF-1 regulates Ang II and VEGF signaling pathways in retinal neovascularization. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 22(19):6175\u20136180","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13064-019-0137-x","volume":"14","author":"F Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li F, Jiang D, Samuel MA (2019) Microglia in the developing retina. Neural Dev 14(1):12","journal-title":"Neural Dev"},{"key":"2695_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., et al. 2021 The phase changes of M1\/M2 phenotype of microglia\/macrophage following oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Inflamm Res.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-020-01427-w"},{"key":"2695_CR69","first-page":"426769","volume":"2012","author":"SY Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li SY, Fu ZJ, Lo AC (2012) Hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in ischemic retinopathy. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012:426769","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"2695_CR70","first-page":"91","volume":"8","author":"R Liegl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liegl R, Hellstrom A, Smith LE (2016) Retinopathy of prematurity: the need for prevention. Eye Brain 8:91\u2013102","journal-title":"Eye Brain"},{"key":"2695_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.09.008","volume":"102","author":"R Liegl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liegl R et al (2016) IGF-1 in retinopathy of prematurity, a CNS neurovascular disease. Early Hum Dev 102:13\u201319","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2695_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3749","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4226","volume":"51","author":"X Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu X et al (2010) Neuronal-driven angiogenesis: role of NGF in retinal neovascularization in an oxygen-induced retinopathy model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51(7):3749\u20133757","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2695_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., et al. 2020 Glycolysis links reciprocal activation of myeloid cells and endothelial cells in the retinal angiogenic niche. Sci Transl Med, 12(555).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay1371"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.306681","volume":"36","author":"SE Liyanage","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liyanage SE et al (2016) Myeloid-derived vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor are dispensable for ocular neovascularization\u2014brief report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 36(1):19\u201324","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2695_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4034-5","volume":"256","author":"J Lyu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lyu J et al (2018) Aqueous cytokine levels associated with severity of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity and treatment response to ranibizumab. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 256(8):1469\u20131477","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2695_CR76","first-page":"881","volume":"20","author":"J Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma J et al (2014) Influence of subretinal fluid in advanced stage retinopathy of prematurity on proangiogenic response and cell proliferation. Mol Vis 20:881\u2013893","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"2695_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00076","volume":"1","author":"V Marchetti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marchetti V et al (2011) Differential macrophage polarization promotes tissue remodeling and repair in a model of ischemic retinopathy. Sci Rep 1:76","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2695_CR78","first-page":"642","volume":"147","author":"DS McLeod","year":"1995","unstructured":"McLeod DS et al (1995) Enhanced expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin in the diabetic human retina and choroid. Am J Pathol 147(3):642\u2013653","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2695_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18051028","volume":"18","author":"G Minnone","year":"2017","unstructured":"Minnone G, De Benedetti F, Bracci-Laudiero L (2017) NGF and its receptors in the regulation of inflammatory response. Int J Mol Sci 18(5):1028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18051028","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2695_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-04-016030","volume":"108","author":"M Murakami","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murakami M et al (2006) Signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 tyrosine kinase promotes rheumatoid arthritis through activation of monocytes\/macrophages. Blood 108(6):1849\u20131856","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2695_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.10.011","volume":"166","author":"C Nurnberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nurnberg C et al (2018) Myeloid cells contribute indirectly to VEGF expression upon hypoxia via activation of Muller cells. Exp Eye Res 166:56\u201369","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"2695_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Koren, E.G., et al. 2019 Microglial function is distinct in different anatomical locations during retinal homeostasis and degeneration. Immunity, 50(3): p. 723\u2013737 e7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.02.007"},{"key":"2695_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oshitari T 2021 Neurovascular impairment and therapeutic strategies in diabetic retinopathy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(1)","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010439"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30165-7","volume":"8","author":"HL Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park HL, Kim JH, Park CK (2018) Different contributions of autophagy to retinal ganglion cell death in the diabetic and glaucomatous retinas. Sci Rep 8(1):13321","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2695_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.11.011","volume":"145","author":"KS Park","year":"2008","unstructured":"Park KS et al (2008) Serum and tear levels of nerve growth factor in diabetic retinopathy patients. Am J Ophthalmol 145(3):432\u2013437","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86302-2","volume":"11","author":"S Patnaik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patnaik S et al (2021) An interplay of microglia and matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 under hypoxic stress regulates the opticin expression in retina. Sci Rep 11(1):7444","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2695_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.11.030","volume":"57","author":"G Pelle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pelle G et al (2011) Systemic and kidney toxicity of intraocular administration of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. Am J Kidney Dis 57(5):756\u2013759","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2695_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-013-1272-6","volume":"465","author":"F Pfister","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pfister F et al (2013) Pericytes in the eye. Pflugers Arch 465(6):789\u2013796","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2015.03.017","volume":"403","author":"RA Poche","year":"2015","unstructured":"Poche RA et al (2015) Macrophages engulf endothelial cell membrane particles preceding pupillary membrane capillary regression. Dev Biol 403(1):30\u201342","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2695_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-019-02253-7","volume":"15","author":"M Porta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Porta M, Striglia E (2020) Intravitreal anti-VEGF agents and cardiovascular risk. Intern Emerg Med 15(2):199\u2013210","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6009","key":"2695_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193497","volume":"330","author":"JD Rabinowitz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rabinowitz JD, White E (2010) Autophagy and metabolism. Science 330(6009):1344\u20131348","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2695_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01868","volume":"8","author":"S Rathi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rathi S et al (2017) Abnormal complement activation and inflammation in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity. Front Immunol 8:1868","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2695_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301331","volume":"33","author":"JC Rivera","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rivera JC et al (2013) Microglia and interleukin-1beta in ischemic retinopathy elicit microvascular degeneration through neuronal semaphorin-3A. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 33(8):1881\u20131891","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0943-1","volume":"14","author":"JC Rivera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rivera JC et al (2017) Retinopathy of prematurity: inflammation, choroidal degeneration, and novel promising therapeutic strategies. J Neuroinflammation 14(1):165","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2695_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Rodriguez et al 2021 Hypoxia pathway proteins and their impact on the blood vasculature IJMS 22 17","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179191"},{"issue":"12","key":"2695_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2010.514659","volume":"35","author":"S Roy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roy S et al (2010) Vascular basement membrane thickening in diabetic retinopathy. Curr Eye Res 35(12):1045\u20131056","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"2695_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Rubsam S Parikh PE Fort 2018 Role of inflammation in diabetic retinopathy IJMS 19 4","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19040942"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40135-2","volume":"9","author":"R Rust","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rust R et al (2019) A revised view on growth and remodeling in the retinal vasculature. Sci Rep 9(1):3263","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"2695_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.023","volume":"116","author":"T Sato","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sato T et al (2009) Vitreous levels of erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor in eyes with retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology 116(9):1599\u20131603","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2695_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5906","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10410","volume":"53","author":"SD Schoenberger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schoenberger SD et al (2012) Increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and correlation with VEGF and inflammatory cytokines. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53(9):5906\u20135911","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2695_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.306","volume":"24","author":"A Scott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scott A, Fruttiger M (2010) Oxygen-induced retinopathy: a model for vascular pathology in the retina. Eye (Lond) 24(3):416\u2013421","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"2695_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582060","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/582060","volume":"2015","author":"F Semeraro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Semeraro F et al (2015) Diabetic retinopathy: vascular and inflammatory disease. J Diabetes Res 2015:582060","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2695_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/08820530902800355","volume":"24","author":"PS Silva","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silva PS, Sun JK, Aiello LP (2009) Role of steroids in the management of diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Semin Ophthalmol 24(2):93\u201399","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2695_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singer, M.A., et al., 2016 Diabetic macular edema: it is more than just VEGF. F1000Res, 5.","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.8265.1"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR105","first-page":"101","volume":"35","author":"LE Smith","year":"1994","unstructured":"Smith LE et al (1994) Oxygen-induced retinopathy in the mouse. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35(1):101\u2013111","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2695_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.309973","volume":"39","author":"D Sprott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sprott D et al (2019) Endothelial-specific deficiency of ATG5 (autophagy protein 5) attenuates ischemia-related angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 39(6):1137\u20131148","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2695_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4344","volume":"51","author":"L Stevenson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stevenson L et al (2010) Reduced nitro-oxidative stress and neural cell death suggests a protective role for microglial cells in TNFalpha-\/- mice in ischemic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51(6):3291\u20133299","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2695_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2020.08.026","volume":"164","author":"Z Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun Z et al (2020) IGF-1R stimulation alters microglial polarization via TLR4\/NF-kappaB pathway after cerebral hemorrhage in mice. Brain Res Bull 164:221\u2013234","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"2695_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor, A.W. and T.F. Ng, 2018 Negative regulators that mediate ocular immune privilege. J Leukoc Biol.","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3MIR0817-337R"},{"issue":"7","key":"2695_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.66","volume":"23","author":"J Tonkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tonkin J et al (2015) Monocyte\/macrophage-derived IGF-1 orchestrates murine skeletal muscle regeneration and modulates autocrine polarization. Mol Ther 23(7):1189\u20131200","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2695_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728325","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/728325","volume":"2012","author":"G Tremolada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tremolada G et al (2012) The role of angiogenesis in the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: impact of intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment. Exp Diabetes Res 2012:728325","journal-title":"Exp Diabetes Res"},{"key":"2695_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Troullinaki, M., et al., 2019 Nerve growth factor regulates endothelial cell survival and pathological retinal angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14002"},{"issue":"1","key":"2695_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12812","volume":"94","author":"S Vujosevic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vujosevic S et al (2016) Proteome analysis of retinal glia cells-related inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humour of diabetic patients. Acta Ophthalmol 94(1):56\u201364","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2695_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2007.01.011","volume":"84","author":"AL Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang AL et al (2007) AGEs mediated expression and secretion of TNF alpha in rat retinal microglia. Exp Eye Res 84(5):905\u2013913","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"2695_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2017.08.002","volume":"81","author":"X Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang X, Khalil RA (2018) Matrix metalloproteinases, vascular remodeling, and vascular disease. Adv Pharmacol 81:241\u2013330","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2695_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.3093","volume":"11","author":"J Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu J, Lei Z, Yu J (2015) Hypoxia induces autophagy in human vascular endothelial cells in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1dependent manner. Mol Med Rep 11(4):2677\u20132682","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2695_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04956-6","volume":"259","author":"Y Yao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yao Y et al (2021) Etanercept as a TNF-alpha inhibitor depresses experimental retinal neovascularization. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 259(3):661\u2013671","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2695_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-004-0874-2","volume":"242","author":"S Yoshida","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yoshida S, Yoshida A, Ishibashi T (2004) Induction of IL-8, MCP-1, and bFGF by TNF-alpha in retinal glial cells: implications for retinal neovascularization during post-ischemic inflammation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 242(5):409\u2013413","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2695_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305860","volume":"99","author":"S Yoshida","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoshida S et al (2015) Increased expression of M-CSF and IL-13 in vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: implications for M2 macrophage-involving fibrovascular membrane formation. Br J Ophthalmol 99(5):629\u2013634","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2695_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8158","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008158","volume":"4","author":"T Yoshimura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yoshimura T et al (2009) Comprehensive analysis of inflammatory immune mediators in vitreoretinal diseases. PLoS ONE 4(12):e8158","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2695_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e154","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12604","volume":"93","author":"C Zehetner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zehetner C et al (2015) Systemic levels of vascular endothelial growth factor before and after intravitreal injection of aflibercept or ranibizumab in patients with age-related macular degeneration: a randomised, prospective trial. Acta Ophthalmol 93(2):e154\u2013e159","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2695_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2007.65","volume":"126","author":"HY Zeng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zeng HY, Green WR, Tso MO (2008) Microglial activation in human diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 126(2):227\u2013232","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2695_CR123","first-page":"12","volume":"131","author":"J Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang J et al (2021) HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha redundantly promote retinal neovascularization in patients with ischemic retinal disease. J Clin Invest 131:12","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2695_CR124","first-page":"23","volume":"6","author":"L Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou L et al (2021) Myeloid cell modulation by a GLP-1 receptor agonist regulates retinal angiogenesis in ischemic retinopathy. JCI Insight 6:23","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2695_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, R. and R.R. Caspi, 2010 Ocular immune privilege. F1000 Biol Rep, 2.","DOI":"10.3410\/B2-3"},{"issue":"8","key":"2695_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4767","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16012","volume":"56","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou Y et al (2015) M2 Macrophages enhance pathological neovascularization in the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 56(8):4767\u20134777","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2695_CR127","first-page":"1902","volume":"10","author":"YD Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou YD et al (2017) Diverse roles of macrophages in intraocular neovascular diseases: a review. Int J Ophthalmol 10(12):1902\u20131908","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2695_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0198-7","volume":"11","author":"H Zong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zong H, Ward M, Stitt AW (2011) AGEs, RAGE, and diabetic retinopathy. Curr Diab Rep 11(4):244\u2013252","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"}],"container-title":["Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00424-022-02695-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00424-022-02695-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00424-022-02695-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T04:12:58Z","timestamp":1652933578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00424-022-02695-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]]},"references-count":128,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-022-02695-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-6768","1432-2013"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-6768","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2013","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal ethics"}},{"value":"The authors give their consent for this manuscript to be published in the journal.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}