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Recently, using an in vitro model of hypoosmotic hyponatremia, we have found that a decrease in sodium ion concentration in the perfusate to 121\u00a0mmol\u00a0L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> relaxes the isolated rat middle cerebral artery (MCA). The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism responsible for this relaxation. Isolated, pressurized, and perfused MCAs placed in a vessel chamber were subjected to a decrease in sodium ion concentration to 121\u00a0mmol\u00a0L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Changes in the diameter of the vessels were monitored with a video camera. The removal of the endothelium and inhibition of nitric oxide-dependent signaling or the reverse mode sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) were used to study the mechanism of the dilation of the vessel during hyponatremia. The dilation of the MCA (19\u2009\u00b1\u20095%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.005) in a low-sodium buffer was absent after removal of the endothelium or administration of the inhibitor of the reverse mode of sodium-calcium exchange and was reversed to constriction after the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO)\/cGMP signaling. The dilation of the middle cerebral artery of the rat in a 121 mmol\u00a0L<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> buffer depends on NO signaling and reverse mode of sodium-calcium exchange. These results suggest that constriction of large cerebral arteries with impaired NO-dependent signaling may be observed in response to hypoosmotic hyponatremia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-022-02770-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T12:03:39Z","timestamp":1668686619000},"page":"381-390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Role of the endothelial reverse mode sodium-calcium exchanger in the dilation of the rat middle cerebral artery during hypoosmotic hyponatremia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"475","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Klapczy\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Aleksandrowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Ko\u017aniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2770_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005253422107","volume":"342","author":"HJ Adrogue","year":"2002","unstructured":"Adrogue HJ, Madras NE (2002) Hyponatremia. 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All experimental procedures involving animals were approved by the IV Local Ethics Committee for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals for Experimental Procedures, National Medicines Institute in Warsaw.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All the authors have seen the final version of the manuscript and have given their consent for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}