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The dlPAG neurons involved in these responses are excitatory, presumably glutamatergic, due to the presence of vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT2 within their axon terminals. Previously, our group described a functional interaction between dlPAG and the pontine A5 region. Accordingly, in the present work, in order to characterize the role of glutamate within this interaction, experiments were carried out in spontaneously breathing anaesthetized rats (sodium pentobarbitone 60\u00a0mg\/kg i.p., suplemented with 20\u00a0mg\/kg i.p.). The cardiorespiratory response evoked by electrical stimulation of the dlPAG (1\u00a0ms pulses, 20\u201350 \u03bcA, given at 100\u00a0Hz, during 5\u00a0s) was analysed before and after the microinjection, within the A5 region, of either kynurenic acid (non-specific glutamate receptor antagonist; 5\u201310\u00a0nmol), DAP-5 (NMDA antagonist; 1\u00a0pmol), CNQX (non-NMDA antagonist; 1\u00a0pmol) or MCPG (metabotropic antagonist; 0,1\u00a0nmol). Kynurenic acid decreased the intensity of both the tachypnoea (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090,001) and tachycardia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090,001) induced by dl-PAG stimulation. Blockade of no-NMDA receptors reduced the increase of respiratory frequency, heart rate and pressor response to dl-PAG stimulation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090,01, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090,001, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090,05 respectively). Blockade of either NMDA or metabotropic receptors reduced the dlPAG-evoked tachycardia and pressor response (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090,01; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090,05 respectively). These results suggest a neuromodulatory role for A5 region via glutamate neurotransmission of the dlPAG-evoked cardiorespiratory response, confirming the role of the ventrolateral pons in the neuronal circuits involved in respiratory and heart rate control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-022-02777-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T01:02:26Z","timestamp":1671670946000},"page":"505-516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of the glutamatergic neurotransmission within the A5 region on the cardiorespiratory response evoked from the midbrain dlPAG"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"475","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Carrillo-Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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The experiments were approved by the Ethical Committee for Animal Research of the University of Malaga and the Junta de Andaluc\u00eda. Every attempt was made to reduce animal suffering, discomfort and the total number of animals needed to obtain reliable results.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The authors declare no commercial or financial conflicts of interest in association with the present study.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}]}}