{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:55:15Z","timestamp":1788328515145,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden an der Technischen Universit\u00e4t Dresden"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monocytes exhibiting a pro-inflammatory phenotype play a key role in adhesion and development of atherosclerotic plaques. As an alternative to smoking, next-generation tobacco and nicotine products (NGP) are now widely used. However, little is known about their pro-inflammatory effects on monocytes. We investigated cell viability, anti-oxidant and pro-inflammatory gene and protein expression in THP-1 monocytes after exposure to aqueous smoke extracts (AqE) of a heated tobacco product (HTP), an electronic cigarette (e-cig), a conventional cigarette (3R4F) and pure nicotine (nic). Treatment with 3R4F reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, whereas exposure to alternative smoking products showed no difference to control. At the highest non-lethal dose of 3R4F (20%), the following notable mRNA expression changes were observed for 3R4F, HTP, and e-cig respectively, relative to control; <jats:italic>HMOX1<\/jats:italic> (6-fold, &lt; 2-fold, &lt; 2-fold), <jats:italic>NQO1<\/jats:italic> (3.5-fold, &lt; 2-fold, &lt; 2-fold), <jats:italic>CCL2<\/jats:italic> (4-fold, 3.5-fold, 2.5-fold), <jats:italic>IL1B<\/jats:italic> (4-fold, 3-fold, &lt; 2-fold), <jats:italic>IL8<\/jats:italic> (5-fold, 2-fold, 2-fold), <jats:italic>TNF<\/jats:italic> (2-fold, 2-fold, &lt; 2-fold) and <jats:italic>ICAM<\/jats:italic>1 was below the 2-fold threshold for all products. With respect to protein expression, IL1B (3-fold, &lt; 2-fold, &lt; 2-fold) and IL8 (3.5-fold, 2-fold, 2-fold) were elevated over the 2-fold threshold, whereas CCL2, TNF, and ICAM1 were below 2-fold expression for all products. At higher doses, greater inductions were observed with all extracts; however, NGP responses were typically lower than 3R4F. In conclusion, anti-oxidative and pro-inflammatory processes were activated by all products. NGPs overall showed lower responses relative to controls than THP-1 cells exposed to 3R4F AqE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-023-02809-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T03:29:13Z","timestamp":1682047753000},"page":"823-833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke versus next-generation tobacco and nicotine product extracts on inflammatory biomarkers of human monocytes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"475","author":[{"given":"Sindy","family":"Giebe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Brux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frazer","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Breheny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Morawietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coy","family":"Brunssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2809_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(96)00537-2","volume":"29","author":"MR Adams","year":"1997","unstructured":"Adams MR, Jessup W, Celermajer DS (1997) Cigarette smoking is associated with increased human monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells: reversibility with oral L-arginine but not vitamin C. J Am Coll Cardiol 29(3):491\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0735-1097(96)00537-2","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2809_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.19.6.1518","volume":"19","author":"RJ Aiello","year":"1999","unstructured":"Aiello RJ, Bourassa PA, Lindsey S, Weng W, Natoli E, Rollins BJ, Milos PM (1999) Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 accelerates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19(6):1518\u20131525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.atv.19.6.1518","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2809_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e318185fa26","volume":"52","author":"JF Argacha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Argacha JF, Fontaine D, Adamopoulos D, Ajose A, van de Borne P, Fontaine J, Berkenboom G (2008) Acute effect of sidestream cigarette smoke extract on vascular endothelial function. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 52(3):262\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/FJC.0b013e318185fa26","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2809_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvr032","volume":"90","author":"SS Barbieri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barbieri SS, Zacchi E, Amadio P, Gianellini S, Mussoni L, Weksler BB, Tremoli E (2011) Cytokines present in smokers' serum interact with smoke components to enhance endothelial dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 90(3):475\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvr032","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"18","key":"2809_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000066691.52789.BE","volume":"107","author":"RS Barua","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barua RS, Ambrose JA, Srivastava S, DeVoe MC, Eales-Reynolds LJ (2003) Reactive oxygen species are involved in smoking-induced dysfunction of nitric oxide biosynthesis and upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase: an in vitro demonstration in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Circulation. 107(18):2342\u20132347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.0000066691.52789.BE","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2809_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2005.05.010","volume":"57","author":"M Borgerding","year":"2005","unstructured":"Borgerding M, Klus H (2005) Analysis of complex mixtures--cigarette smoke. Exp Toxicol Pathol 57(Suppl 1):43\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etp.2005.05.010","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"2809_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.10.005","volume":"335","author":"S Bozhilova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bozhilova S, Baxter A, Bishop E, Breheny D, Thorne D, Hodges P, Gaca M (2020) Optimization of aqueous aerosol extract (AqE) generation from e-cigarettes and tobacco heating products for in vitro cytotoxicity testing. Toxicol Lett 335:51\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.10.005","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"5","key":"2809_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.030","volume":"49","author":"RP Brandes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brandes RP, Weissmann N, Schroder K (2010) NADPH oxidases in cardiovascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med 49(5):687\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.030","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"\u00fc1","key":"2809_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1089\/aivt.2016.0037","volume":"3","author":"C Brunssen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brunssen C, Giebe S, Hofmann A, Brux M, Morawietz H (2017) Evaluation of cytotoxic, oxidative, and pro-inflammatory effects of aqueous cigarette smoke extract on human monocytes: A potential model system for assessment of next-generation tobacco and nicotine products. Appl Vitro Toxicol 3(\u00fc1):121\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aivt.2016.0037","journal-title":"Appl Vitro Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2809_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.04.012","volume":"150","author":"R Carnevale","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carnevale R, Sciarretta S, Violi F, Nocella C, Loffredo L, Perri L, Peruzzi M, Marullo AG, De Falco E, Chimenti I, Valenti V, Biondi-Zoccai G, Frati G (2016) Acute impact of tobacco vs electronic cigarette smoking on oxidative stress and vascular function. Chest. 150(3):606\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2016.04.012","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"4","key":"2809_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvasa.2015.08.002","volume":"58","author":"SK-LI Cejkova","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cejkova SK-LI, Poledne R (2016) Monocyte adhesion to the endothelium is an initial stage of atherosclerosis development. Cor Vasa 58(4):e419\u2013e425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crvasa.2015.08.002","journal-title":"Cor Vasa"},{"issue":"1","key":"2809_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.08.002","volume":"23","author":"W Chanput","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chanput W, Mes JJ, Wichers HJ (2014) THP-1 cell line: an in vitro cell model for immune modulation approach. Int Immunopharmacol 23(1):37\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.08.002","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2809_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203161200","volume":"278","author":"XL Chen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen XL, Varner SE, Rao AS, Grey JY, Thomas S, Cook CK, Wasserman MA, Medford RM, Jaiswal AK, Kunsch C (2003) Laminar flow induction of antioxidant response element-mediated genes in endothelial cells. A novel anti-inflammatory mechanism. J Biol Chem 278(2):703\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M203161200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"2809_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200202-097OC","volume":"166","author":"A Churg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Churg A, Dai J, Tai H, Xie C, Wright JL (2002) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is central to acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and connective tissue breakdown. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166(6):849\u2013854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200202-097OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2809_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-015-0491-8","volume":"110","author":"C Cochain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cochain C, Zernecke A (2015) Macrophages and immune cells in atherosclerosis: recent advances and novel concepts. Basic Res Cardiol 110(4):34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00395-015-0491-8","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2809_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.05.042","volume":"30","author":"M Cybularz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cybularz M, Langbein H, Zatschler B, Brunssen C, Deussen A, Matschke K, Morawietz H (2017) Endothelial function and gene expression in perivascular adipose tissue from internal mammary arteries of obese patients with coronary artery disease. Atheroscler Suppl 30:149\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.05.042","journal-title":"Atheroscler Suppl"},{"issue":"3","key":"2809_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H639","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00595.2018","volume":"316","author":"S Dikalov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dikalov S, Itani H, Richmond B, Vergeade A, Rahman SMJ, Boutaud O, Blackwell T, Massion PP, Harrison DG, Dikalova A (2019) Tobacco smoking induces cardiovascular mitochondrial oxidative stress, promotes endothelial dysfunction, and enhances hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 316(3):H639\u2013H646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00595.2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2809_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.2271","volume":"203","author":"PS Dovgan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dovgan PS, Edwards JD, Zhan X, Wilde M, Agrawal DK (1994) Cigarette smoking increases monocyte adherence to cultured endothelial cell monolayer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 203(2):929\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/bbrc.1994.2271","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"2809_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00793.x","volume":"23","author":"C Duplaa","year":"1993","unstructured":"Duplaa C, Couffinhal T, Labat L, Fawaz J, Moreau C, Bietz I, Bonnet J (1993) Monocyte adherence to endothelial cells in patients with atherosclerosis: relationships with risk factors. Eur J Clin Invest 23(8):474\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00793.x","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2809_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H51","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00657.2019","volume":"319","author":"MA El-Mahdy","year":"2020","unstructured":"El-Mahdy MA, Abdelghany TM, Hemann C, Ewees MG, Mahgoup EM, Eid MS, Shalaan MT, Alzarie YA, Zweier JL (2020) Chronic cigarette smoke exposure triggers a vicious cycle of leukocyte and endothelial-mediated oxidant stress that results in vascular dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 319(1):H51\u2013H65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00657.2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2809_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2014.10.010","volume":"77","author":"G Ende","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ende G, Poitz DM, Wiedemann E, Augstein A, Friedrichs J, Giebe S, Weinert S, Werner C, Strasser RH, Jellinghaus S (2014) TNF-alpha-mediated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells-The role of ephrinA1. J Mol Cell Cardiol 77:125\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2014.10.010","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"2809_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.07.008","volume":"6","author":"C Espinosa-Diez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Espinosa-Diez C, Miguel V, Mennerich D, Kietzmann T, Sanchez-Perez P, Cadenas S, Lamas S (2015) Antioxidant responses and cellular adjustments to oxidative stress. Redox Biol 6:183\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2015.07.008","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2809_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02286-1","volume":"23","author":"V Forest","year":"2022","unstructured":"Forest V, Mercier C, Pourchez J (2022) Considerations on dosimetry for in vitro assessment of e-cigarette toxicity. Respir Res 23(1):358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-022-02286-1","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2809_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/s0162-3109(99)00181-2","volume":"47","author":"MB Furie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Furie MB, Raffanello JA, Gergel EI, Lisinski TJ, Horb LD (2000) Extracts of smokeless tobacco induce pro-inflammatory changes in cultured human vascular endothelial cells. Immunopharmacology. 47(1):13\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0162-3109(99)00181-2","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology."},{"issue":"11","key":"2809_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.149179","volume":"27","author":"E Galkina","year":"2007","unstructured":"Galkina E, Ley K (2007) Vascular adhesion molecules in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27(11):2292\u20132301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.149179","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2809_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.04.008","volume":"12","author":"S Giebe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giebe S, Cockcroft N, Hewitt K, Brux M, Hofmann A, Morawietz H, Brunssen C (2017) Cigarette smoke extract counteracts atheroprotective effects of high laminar flow on endothelial function. Redox Biol 12:776\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2017.04.008","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"2809_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102150","volume":"47","author":"S Giebe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giebe S, Hofmann A, Brux M, Lowe F, Breheny D, Morawietz H, Brunssen C (2021) Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke versus next generation tobacco and nicotine product extracts on endothelial function. Redox Biol 47:102150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102150","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2809_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.029","volume":"234","author":"I Giunzioni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giunzioni I, Bonomo A, Bishop E, Castiglioni S, Corsini A, Bellosta S (2014) Cigarette smoke condensate affects monocyte interaction with endothelium. Atherosclerosis. 234(2):383\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.029","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"issue":"1","key":"2809_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X14666180913120015","volume":"18","author":"S Golbidi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Golbidi S, Edvinsson L, Laher I (2020) Smoking and endothelial dysfunction. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 18(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1573403X14666180913120015","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"19","key":"2809_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.007667","volume":"129","author":"R Grana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grana R, Benowitz N, Glantz SA (2014) E-cigarettes: a scientific review. Circulation. 129(19):1972\u20131986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.007667","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"2","key":"2809_CR31","first-page":"259","volume":"25","author":"F Guarino","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guarino F, Cantarella G, Caruso M, Russo C, Mancuso S, Arcidiacono G, Cacciola RR, Bernardini R, Polosa R (2011) Endothelial activation and injury by cigarette smoke exposure. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 25(2):259\u2013268","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"issue":"1","key":"2809_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvs106","volume":"94","author":"J Haendeler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haendeler J, Eckers A, Lukosz M, Unfried K, Altschmied J (2012) Endothelial NADPH oxidase 2: when does it matter in atherosclerosis? Cardiovasc Res 94(1):1\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvs106","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2809_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1375","volume":"4","author":"BA Imhof","year":"2004","unstructured":"Imhof BA, Aurrand-Lions M (2004) Adhesion mechanisms regulating the migration of monocytes. Nat Rev Immunol 4(6):432\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri1375","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"6-7","key":"2809_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"22","author":"PA Jorge","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jorge PA, Ozaki MR, Almeida EA (1995) Endothelial dysfunction in coronary vessels and thoracic aorta of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 22(6-7):410\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02031.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2809_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041600118","volume":"160","author":"VK Kalra","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kalra VK, Ying Y, Deemer K, Natarajan R, Nadler JL, Coates TD (1994) Mechanism of cigarette smoke condensate induced adhesion of human monocytes to cultured endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 160(1):154\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.1041600118","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2809_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2014.30.3.149","volume":"30","author":"M Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim M, Han CH, Lee MY (2014) NADPH oxidase and the cardiovascular toxicity associated with smoking. Toxicol Res 30(3):149\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5487\/TR.2014.30.3.149","journal-title":"Toxicol Res"},{"key":"2809_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.02.034","volume":"68","author":"U Kogel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kogel U, Schlage WK, Martin F, Xiang Y, Ansari S, Leroy P, Vanscheeuwijck P, Gebel S, Buettner A, Wyss C, Esposito M, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC (2014) A 28-day rat inhalation study with an integrated molecular toxicology endpoint demonstrates reduced exposure effects for a prototypic modified risk tobacco product compared with conventional cigarettes. Food Chem Toxicol 68:204\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2014.02.034","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"17","key":"2809_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5607","volume":"20","author":"A Konior","year":"2014","unstructured":"Konior A, Schramm A, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Guzik TJ (2014) NADPH oxidases in vascular pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 20(17):2794\u20132814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2013.5607","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"2809_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosissup.2015.02.010","volume":"18","author":"H Langbein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Langbein H, Hofmann A, Brunssen C, Goettsch W, Morawietz H (2015) Impact of high-fat diet and voluntary running on body weight and endothelial function in LDL receptor knockout mice. Atheroscler Suppl 18:59\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosissup.2015.02.010","journal-title":"Atheroscler Suppl"},{"issue":"28","key":"2809_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4580","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612820666140522115801","volume":"20","author":"J Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin J, Kakkar V, Lu X (2014) Impact of MCP-1 in atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 20(28):4580\u20134588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1381612820666140522115801","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"3","key":"2809_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00310.2004","volume":"21","author":"JG Maresh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maresh JG, Xu H, Jiang N, Gairola CG, Shohet RV (2005) Tobacco smoke dysregulates endothelial vasoregulatory transcripts in vivo. Physiol Genomics 21(3):308\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00310.2004","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2809_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.300156","volume":"34","author":"B Messner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Messner B, Bernhard D (2014) Smoking and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and early atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 34(3):509\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.300156","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2809_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1089\/ARS.2008.2403","volume":"11","author":"G Muller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Muller G, Morawietz H (2009) Nitric oxide, NAD(P)H oxidase, and atherosclerosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 11(7):1711\u20131731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ARS.2008.2403","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"9","key":"2809_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1021\/tx300145n","volume":"25","author":"T Muller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Muller T, Hengstermann A (2012) Nrf2: friend and foe in preventing cigarette smoking-dependent lung disease. Chem Res Toxicol 25(9):1805\u20131824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/tx300145n","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2809_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-011-0179-7","volume":"106","author":"CE Murdoch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Murdoch CE, Alom-Ruiz SP, Wang M, Zhang M, Walker S, Yu B, Brewer A, Shah AM (2011) Role of endothelial Nox2 NADPH oxidase in angiotensin II-induced hypertension and vasomotor dysfunction. Basic Res Cardiol 106(4):527\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00395-011-0179-7","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2809_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.01130","volume":"8","author":"T Muthumalage","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muthumalage T, Prinz M, Ansah KO, Gerloff J, Sundar IK, Rahman I (2017) Inflammatory and oxidative responses induced by exposure to commonly used e-cigarette flavoring chemicals and flavored e-liquids without nicotine. Front Physiol 8:1130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2017.01130","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"6-7","key":"2809_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2015.1094134","volume":"20","author":"MW Ogden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ogden MW, Marano KM, Jones BA, Morgan WT, Stiles MF (2015a) Switching from usual brand cigarettes to a tobacco-heating cigarette or snus: Part 2. Biomarkers of exposure. Biomarkers 20(6-7):391\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/1354750X.2015.1094134","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"issue":"6-7","key":"2809_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2015.1094135","volume":"20","author":"MW Ogden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ogden MW, Marano KM, Jones BA, Morgan WT, Stiles MF (2015b) Switching from usual brand cigarettes to a tobacco-heating cigarette or snus: Part 3. Biomarkers of biological effect. Biomarkers. 20(6-7):404\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/1354750X.2015.1094135","journal-title":"Biomarkers."},{"key":"2809_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-6-74","volume":"6","author":"U Oltmanns","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oltmanns U, Chung KF, Walters M, John M, Mitchell JA (2005) Cigarette smoke induces IL-8, but inhibits eotaxin and RANTES release from airway smooth muscle. Respir Res 6:74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1465-9921-6-74","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2809_CR50","first-page":"1","volume-title":"World Health Statistics 2019: Monitoring health for the SDGs","author":"Organization WH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Organization WH (2019) World Health Statistics 2019: Monitoring health for the SDGs. WHO Press, pp 1\u2013132"},{"issue":"5","key":"2809_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.923","volume":"23","author":"G Patskan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Patskan G, Reininghaus W (2003) Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 1: Overview of technical concepts and summary of findings. J Appl Toxicol 23(5):323\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.923","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"2809_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2147\/copd.s8330","volume":"5","author":"F Petrescu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petrescu F, Voican SC, Silosi I (2010) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha serum levels in healthy smokers and nonsmokers. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 5:217\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/copd.s8330","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2809_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","volume":"29","author":"MW Pfaffl","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pfaffl MW (2001) A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 29(9):e45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2809_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2014.03.005","volume":"28","author":"C Poussin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Poussin C, Gallitz I, Schlage WK, Steffen Y, Stolle K, Lebrun S, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC, Lietz M (2014) Mechanism of an indirect effect of aqueous cigarette smoke extract on the adhesion of monocytic cells to endothelial cells in an in vitro assay revealed by transcriptomics analysis. Toxicol In Vitro 28(5):896\u2013908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tiv.2014.03.005","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"2809_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.07.025","volume":"120","author":"C Poussin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Poussin C, Laurent A, Kondylis A, Marescotti D, van der Toorn M, Guedj E, Goedertier D, Acali S, Pak C, Dulize R, Baumer K, Peric D, Maluenda E, Bornand D, Suarez IG, Schlage WK, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J (2018) In vitro systems toxicology-based assessment of the potential modified risk tobacco product CHTP 1.2 for vascular inflammation- and cytotoxicity-associated mechanisms promoting adhesion of monocytic cells to human coronary arterial endothelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 120:390\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2018.07.025","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2809_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv137","volume":"147","author":"C Poussin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Poussin C, Laurent A, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, De Leon H (2015) Systems biology reveals cigarette smoke-induced concentration-dependent direct and indirect mechanisms that promote monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Toxicol Sci 147(2):370\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv137","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2809_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/s0887-2333(02)00050-4","volume":"16","author":"KP Putnam","year":"2002","unstructured":"Putnam KP, Bombick DW, Doolittle DJ (2002) Evaluation of eight in vitro assays for assessing the cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke condensate. Toxicol In Vitro 16(5):599\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0887-2333(02)00050-4","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"issue":"1","key":"2809_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.09.003","volume":"221","author":"Z Qin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qin Z (2012) The use of THP-1 cells as a model for mimicking the function and regulation of monocytes and macrophages in the vasculature. Atherosclerosis. 221(1):2\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.09.003","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"issue":"12","key":"2809_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211663","volume":"73","author":"A Scott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scott A, Lugg ST, Aldridge K, Lewis KE, Bowden A, Mahida RY, Grudzinska FS, Dosanjh D, Parekh D, Foronjy R, Sapey E, Naidu B, Thickett DR (2018) Pro-inflammatory effects of e-cigarette vapour condensate on human alveolar macrophages. Thorax. 73(12):1161\u20131169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211663","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"2809_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1624","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1996.270.5.H1624","volume":"270","author":"Y Shen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shen Y, Rattan V, Sultana C, Kalra VK (1996) Cigarette smoke condensate-induced adhesion molecule expression and transendothelial migration of monocytes. Am J Physiol 270(5 Pt 2):H1624\u2013H1633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.1996.270.5.H1624","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2809_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simonavicius E, McNeill A, Shahab L, Brose LS (2018) Heat-not-burn tobacco products: a systematic literature review. Tob Control. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054419","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054419"},{"issue":"5","key":"2809_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.924","volume":"23","author":"R Stabbert","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stabbert R, Voncken P, Rustemeier K, Haussmann HJ, Roemer E, Schaffernicht H, Patskan G (2003) Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 2: Chemical composition of mainstream smoke. J Appl Toxicol 23(5):329\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.924","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2809_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.10.2.189","volume":"10","author":"K Stratton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stratton K, Shetty P, Wallace R, Bondurant S (2001) Clearing the smoke: the science base for tobacco harm reduction--executive summary. Tob Control 10(2):189\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tc.10.2.189","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"2809_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fob.2012.10.001","volume":"2","author":"R Takamiya","year":"2012","unstructured":"Takamiya R, Fukunaga K, Arita M, Miyata J, Seki H, Minematsu N, Suematsu M, Asano K (2012) Resolvin E1 maintains macrophage function under cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress. FEBS Open Bio 2:328\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fob.2012.10.001","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"issue":"6","key":"2809_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000100443.09293.4F","volume":"42","author":"Y Taniyama","year":"2003","unstructured":"Taniyama Y, Griendling KK (2003) Reactive oxygen species in the vasculature: molecular and cellular mechanisms. Hypertension. 42(6):1075\u20131081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.HYP.0000100443.09293.4F","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"issue":"1","key":"2809_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05337-2","volume":"13","author":"M Taylor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taylor M, Santopietro S, Baxter A, East N, Breheny D, Thorne D, Gaca M (2020) In vitro biological assessment of the stability of cigarette smoke aqueous aerosol extracts. BMC Res Notes 13(1):492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-020-05337-2","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2809_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.08.016","volume":"93","author":"M Taylor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor M, Thorne D, Carr T, Breheny D, Walker P, Proctor C, Gaca M (2018) Assessment of novel tobacco heating product THP1.0. Part 6: A comparative in vitro study using contemporary screening approaches. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 93:62\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.08.016","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2809_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.020","volume":"163","author":"JE Teasdale","year":"2016","unstructured":"Teasdale JE, Newby AC, Timpson NJ, Munafo MR, White SJ (2016) Cigarette smoke but not electronic cigarette aerosol activates a stress response in human coronary artery endothelial cells in culture. Drug Alcohol Depend 163:256\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"5","key":"2809_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.925","volume":"23","author":"FJ Tewes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tewes FJ, Meisgen TJ, Veltel DJ, Roemer E, Patskan G (2003) Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 3: Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of mainstream smoke. J Appl Toxicol 23(5):341\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.925","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2809_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910260208","volume":"26","author":"S Tsuchiya","year":"1980","unstructured":"Tsuchiya S, Yamabe M, Yamaguchi Y, Kobayashi Y, Konno T, Tada K (1980) Establishment and characterization of a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). Int J Cancer 26(2):171\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.2910260208","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2809_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.03.026","volume":"80","author":"M van der Toorn","year":"2015","unstructured":"van der Toorn M, Frentzel S, Goedertier D, Peitsch M, Hoeng J, De Leon H (2015) A prototypic modified risk tobacco product exhibits reduced effects on chemotaxis and transendothelial migration of monocytes compared with a reference cigarette. Food Chem Toxicol 80:277\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2015.03.026","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2809_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.012468","volume":"59","author":"H van der Vaart","year":"2004","unstructured":"van der Vaart H, Postma DS, Timens W, ten Hacken NH (2004) Acute effects of cigarette smoke on inflammation and oxidative stress: a review. Thorax. 59(8):713\u2013721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.2003.012468","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"issue":"1","key":"2809_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50888","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050888","volume":"8","author":"RA Verdugo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Verdugo RA, Zeller T, Rotival M, Wild PS, Munzel T, Lackner KJ, Weidmann H, Ninio E, Tregouet DA, Cambien F, Blankenberg S, Tiret L (2013) Graphical modeling of gene expression in monocytes suggests molecular mechanisms explaining increased atherosclerosis in smokers. PloS One 8(1):e50888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0050888","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2809_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.105.012591","volume":"68","author":"MJ Walters","year":"2005","unstructured":"Walters MJ, Paul-Clark MJ, McMaster SK, Ito K, Adcock IM, Mitchell JA (2005) Cigarette smoke activates human monocytes by an oxidant-AP-1 signaling pathway: implications for steroid resistance. Mol Pharmacol 68(5):1343\u20131353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/mol.105.012591","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2809_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ween MP, Whittall JJ, Hamon R, Reynolds PN, Hodge SJ (2017) Phagocytosis and Inflammation: exploring the effects of the components of E-cigarette vapor on macrophages. Physiol Rep 5(16). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.13370","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13370"},{"issue":"5","key":"2809_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-03020-4","volume":"95","author":"ET Wong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wong ET, Szostak J, Titz B, Lee T, Wong SK, Lavrynenko O, Merg C, Corciulo M, Simicevic J, Auberson M, Peric D, Dulize R, Bornand D, Loh GJ, Lee KM, Zhang J, Miller JHT, Schlage WK, Guedj E et al (2021) A 6-month inhalation toxicology study in Apoe(-\/-) mice demonstrates substantially lower effects of e-vapor aerosol compared with cigarette smoke in the respiratory tract. Arch Toxicol 95(5):1805\u20131829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-021-03020-4","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2809_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30120","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030120","volume":"7","author":"WR Wright","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wright WR, Parzych K, Crawford D, Mein C, Mitchell JA, Paul-Clark MJ (2012) Inflammatory transcriptome profiling of human monocytes exposed acutely to cigarette smoke. PloS One 7(2):e30120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0030120","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2809_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C378","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00197.2014","volume":"308","author":"M Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang M, Chen P, Peng H, Zhang H, Chen Y, Cai S, Lu Q, Guan C (2015) Cigarette smoke extract induces aberrant cytochrome-c oxidase subunit II methylation and apoptosis in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 308(5):C378\u2013C384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00197.2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2809_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L46","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00241.2005","volume":"291","author":"SR Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang SR, Chida AS, Bauter MR, Shafiq N, Seweryniak K, Maggirwar SB, Kilty I, Rahman I (2006) Cigarette smoke induces proinflammatory cytokine release by activation of NF-kappaB and posttranslational modifications of histone deacetylase in macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 291(1):L46\u2013L57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00241.2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"}],"container-title":["Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00424-023-02809-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00424-023-02809-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00424-023-02809-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T03:28:59Z","timestamp":1686713339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00424-023-02809-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-023-02809-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-6768","1432-2013"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-6768","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2013","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study is approved by the ethical review board of the Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of the Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany (EK124082003).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The present study was part of a research cooperation partnership between British American Tobacco (BAT) and Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden. All authors were employees of BAT or Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden at the time of study conduct. Frazer Lowe has since left BAT. Vype is a registered trademark and is manufactured by BAT. All test articles were generated and supplied by BAT.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}