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However, on the one hand, there are still open questions regarding the pathomechanisms of dystonia and, on the other hand, the mechanisms of DBS on neuronal circuitry. That lack of knowledge limits the therapeutic effect and makes it hard to predict the outcome of DBS for individual dystonia patients. Finding electrophysiological biomarkers seems to be a promising option to enable adapted individualised DBS treatment. However, biomarker search studies cannot be conducted on patients on a large scale and experimental approaches with animal models of dystonia are needed. In this review, physiological findings of deep brain stimulation studies in humans and animal models of dystonia are summarised and the current pathophysiological concepts of dystonia are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-023-02845-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T15:05:33Z","timestamp":1690988733000},"page":"1133-1147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Electrophysiological insights into deep brain stimulation of the network disorder dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"475","author":[{"given":"Denise","family":"Franz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00fcdiger","family":"K\u00f6hling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2845_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13949","volume":"49","author":"N Abudukeyoumu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abudukeyoumu N, Hernandez-Flores T, Garcia-Munoz M, Arbuthnott GW (2019) Cholinergic modulation of striatal microcircuits. 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