{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:45:38Z","timestamp":1792680338154,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Planta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Peptidases and osmotins are the primary determinants of antifungal activity, and their expression is tightly linked to tissue specialization in\n                      <jats:italic>Calotropis procera<\/jats:italic>\n                      plants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated whether callus cultures of two Apocynaceae species,\n                      <jats:italic>Calotropis procera<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptostegia grandiflora<\/jats:italic>\n                      , reproduce the antifungal defense system typically found in their latex. Protein fractions obtained from latex and callus tissues were evaluated for antifungal activity against\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium solani<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>F. oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>C. gloeosporioides<\/jats:italic>\n                      , as well as the presence of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins was investigated. Callus proteins from\n                      <jats:italic>C. procera<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CPCp) exhibited antifungal activity, inhibiting both mycelial growth and spore germination of all tested fungi. In contrast, callus proteins from\n                      <jats:italic>C. grandiflora<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CPCg) showed no detectable antifungal activity. Mechanistic assays demonstrated that CPCp induced plasma membrane permeabilization and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in fungal spores. Biochemical analyses further revealed that antifungal activity was associated with the presence of peptidases and osmotins but not of peptidase inhibitors and chitinases. Immunological recognition and gene expression analyses indicated that the peptidases and osmotins expressed in callus tissues differ from those present in the latex of\n                      <jats:italic>C. procera<\/jats:italic>\n                      , suggesting the occurrence of distinct protein isoforms. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that peptidases and osmotins are key determinants of antifungal activity in latex plants and reveal that their expression is closely linked to tissue specialization, highlighting the differential regulation of defense protein isoforms between latex and other plant tissues.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-026-05198-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T02:07:19Z","timestamp":1791684439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isoforms of cysteine peptidases and osmotins instead of chitinases and peptidase inhibitors drive antifungal activity but occur as distinct isoforms in latex and callus tissues of Calotropis procera"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"264","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8260-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio V.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayanne F.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina P. S.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlete A.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco C.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia M. S.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro A. V. R.","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o M.","family":"Matos-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2203-1575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cleverson D. T.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"5198_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17329.x","volume":"209","author":"M Abe","year":"1992","unstructured":"Abe M, Abe K, Kuroda M, Arai S (1992) Corn kernel cysteine proteinase inhibitor as a novel cystatin superfamily member of plant origin. Molecular cloning and expression studies. Eur J Biochem 209:629\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17329.x","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"5198_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120307","volume":"40","author":"AA Agrawal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Agrawal AA, Konno K (2009) Latex: a model for understanding mechanisms, ecology, and evolution of plant defense against herbivory. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 40:311\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120307","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst"},{"key":"5198_CR3","first-page":"147","volume":"14","author":"LN Alrayes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alrayes LN, Shatnawi MA (2018) In vitro studies on callus induction of Moringa peregrina and antifungal activity of plant extracts. Jordan J Agric Sci 14:147\u2013157","journal-title":"Jordan J Agric Sci"},{"key":"5198_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203720666191119101756","volume":"21","author":"MS Barbosa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barbosa MS, Souza BS, Sales ACS, Sousa JDAL, Silva FD, Mendes MGA, Costa KRL, Oliveira TM, Daboit TC, Oliveira JS (2020) Antifungal proteins from plant latex. Curr Protein Pept Sci 21:497\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1389203720666191119101756","journal-title":"Curr Protein Pept Sci"},{"key":"5198_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","volume":"72","author":"MM Bradford","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"5198_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synbio.2022.06.009","volume":"7","author":"T Chiu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chiu T, Poucet T, Li Y (2022) The potential of plant proteins as antifungal agents for agricultural applications. Synth Syst Biotechnol 7:1075\u20131083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.synbio.2022.06.009","journal-title":"Synth Syst Biotechnol"},{"key":"5198_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-84042006000100012","volume":"29","author":"D Demarco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Demarco D, Kinoshita LS, Castro MM (2006) Articulated anastomosing laticifers: new records for Apocynaceae. Braz J Bot 29:133\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0100-84042006000100012","journal-title":"Braz J Bot"},{"key":"5198_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2007.07.020","volume":"45","author":"CDT Freitas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Freitas CDT, Oliveira JS, Miranda MRA, Macedo NMR, Sales MP, Villas-Boas LA, Ramos MV (2007) Enzymatic activities and protein profile of latex from Calotropis procera. Plant Physiol Biochem 45:781\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphy.2007.07.020","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"5198_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-04202010000100002","volume":"22","author":"CDT Freitas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Freitas CDT, Souza DP, Ara\u00fajo ES, Cavalheiro MG, Oliveira LS, Ramos MV (2010) Anti-oxidative and proteolytic activities and protein profile of laticifer cells of Cryptostegia grandiflora, Plumeria rubra and Euphorbia tirucalli. Braz J Plant Physiol 22:11\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1677-04202010000100002","journal-title":"Braz J Plant Physiol"},{"key":"5198_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2011.01.027","volume":"49","author":"CDT Freitas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freitas CDT, Nogueira FCS, Vasconcelos IM, Oliveira JTA, Domont GB, Ramos MV (2011a) Osmotin purified from the latex of Calotropis procera: biochemical characterization, biological activity and role in plant defense. Plant Physiol Biochem 49:738\u2013743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphy.2011.01.027","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"5198_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2011.07.014","volume":"1808","author":"CDT Freitas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freitas CDT, Lopes JLS, Beltramini LM, Oliveira RSB, Oliveira JTA, Ramos MV (2011b) Osmotin from Calotropis procera latex: new insights into structure and antifungal properties. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1808:2501\u20132507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbamem.2011.07.014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr"},{"key":"5198_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2015.07.012","volume":"96","author":"CDT Freitas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Freitas CDT, Silva MZR, Bruno-Moreno F, Monteiro-Moreira ACO, Moreira RA, Ramos MV (2015) New constitutive latex osmotin-like proteins lacking antifungal activity. Plant Physiol Biochem 96:45\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphy.2015.07.012","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"5198_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2016.07.028","volume":"108","author":"CDT Freitas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Freitas CDT, Viana CA, Vasconcelos IM, Moreno FBB, Lima-Filho JV, Oliveira HD, Moreira RA, Monteiro-Moreira ACO, Ramos MV (2016) First insights into the diversity and functional properties of chitinases of the latex of Calotropis procera. Plant Physiol Biochem 108:361\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphy.2016.07.028","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"5198_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2019.112163","volume":"169","author":"CDT Freitas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Freitas CDT, Ramos MV, Porf\u00edrio CT, Farias DF, Sousa JS, Grangeiro TB (2020) Identification, characterization and antifungal activity of cysteine peptidases from Calotropis procera latex. Phytochemistry 169:112163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phytochem.2019.112163","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"5198_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126529","volume":"252","author":"CDT Freitas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Freitas CDT, Souza DP, Grangeiro TB, Sousa JS, Lima IVM, Souza PFN, Lima CS, Gomes ADS, Monteiro-Moreira ACO, Aguiar TKB, Ramos MV (2023) Proteomic analysis of Cryptostegia grandiflora latex, purification, characterization and biological activity of two osmotin isoforms. Int J Biol Macromol 252:126529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126529","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"5198_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2024.112136","volume":"346","author":"CDT Freitas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Freitas CDT, Demarco D, Oliveira JS, Ramos MV (2024) Laticifer as a plant defense mechanism. Plant Sci 346:112136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plantsci.2024.112136","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"5198_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2005.11.004","volume":"43","author":"CEM Gomes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gomes CEM, Barbosa AEAD, Macedo IIP, Pitanga JCM, Moura FT, Oliveira AS (2005) Effect of trypsin inhibitor from Crotalaria pallida seeds on Callosobruchus maculatus and Ceratitis capitata. Plant Physiol Biochem 43:1095\u20131102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphy.2005.11.004","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"5198_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2008.09.005","volume":"13","author":"JM Hagel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hagel JM, Yeung EC, Facchini PJ (2008) Got milk? The secret life of laticifers. Trends Plant Sci 13:631\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tplants.2008.09.005","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci"},{"key":"5198_CR19","first-page":"137","volume":"27","author":"MJ Karnovsky","year":"1965","unstructured":"Karnovsky MJ (1965) A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolarity for use in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 27:137\u2013138","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"5198_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-024-02696-7","volume":"156","author":"RS Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan RS, Iqbal A, Bibi A, Khalil I, Ul Islam Z, Jan F, Wadood A (2024) Plant chitinases: types, structural classification, antifungal potential and transgenic expression in plants for enhanced disease resistance. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 156:75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11240-024-02696-7","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult"},{"key":"5198_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797768","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1797768","volume":"17","author":"Y Liu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Liu Y, Li J, Wang W, Yang L, Zhang X, He J, Wang Y, Wei F, Li Z, Peng J (2026) A review on the structure and function of plant thaumatin-like proteins. Front Plant Sci 17:1797768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1797768","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"5198_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Malabadi RB, Chalannavar RK, Kolkar KP (2025) Plant cell totipotency: plant tissue culture applications\u2014an updated review. World J Adv Eng Technol Sci 16:112\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30574\/wjaets.2025.16.2.1262","DOI":"10.30574\/wjaets.2025.16.2.1262"},{"key":"5198_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2022.017316","volume":"46","author":"H Manghwar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Manghwar H, Hussain A (2022) Mechanism of tobacco osmotin gene in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance: a brief history. Biocell 46:623\u2013632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/biocell.2022.017316","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"key":"5198_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-024-13118-1","volume":"108","author":"P Manzanares","year":"2024","unstructured":"Manzanares P, Giner-Llorca M, Marcos JF, Garrigues S (2024) Fighting pathogenic yeasts with plant defensins and anti-fungal proteins from fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 108:277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-024-13118-1","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"5198_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.971235","volume":"13","author":"MC Medina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Medina MC, Sousa-Baena MS, Van Sluys MA, Demarco D (2022) Laticifer growth pattern is guided by cytoskeleton organization. Front Plant Sci 13:971235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.971235","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"5198_CR26","first-page":"561","volume":"4","author":"AV Mhaskar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mhaskar AV, Prakash K, Vishwakarma KS, Maheshwari VL (2010) Callus induction and antimicrobial activity of seed and callus extracts of Clitoria ternatea L. Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm 4:561\u2013567","journal-title":"Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm"},{"key":"5198_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.5246\/jcps.2022.02.007","volume":"31","author":"H Mohammad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohammad H, Alzweiri M (2022) Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Ficus carica latex: a systematic review. J Chin Pharm Sci 31:81\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5246\/jcps.2022.02.007","journal-title":"J Chin Pharm Sci"},{"key":"5198_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s44345-025-00008-w","volume":"2","author":"ZA Molik","year":"2025","unstructured":"Molik ZA, Ajayi TO, Ogunniyi QA, Fijagbade AO, Ogbole OO (2025) Latex of medicinal plants: a reservoir of antimicrobial peptides, proteins and enzymes for drug discovery. Discov Molecules 2:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44345-025-00008-w","journal-title":"Discov Molecules"},{"key":"5198_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2020.112527","volume":"180","author":"ST Oliveira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oliveira ST, Azevedo MIG, Cunha RMS, Silva CFB, Muniz CR, Monteiro-J\u00fanior JE, Carneiro RF, Nagano CS, Gir\u00e3o MS, Freitas CDT, Grangeiro TB (2020) Structural and functional features of a class VI chitinase from cashew (Anacardium occidentale) with antifungal properties. Phytochemistry 180:112527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phytochem.2020.112527","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"5198_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2007.02323.x","volume":"177","author":"WF Pickard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pickard WF (2008) Laticifers and secretory ducts: two other tube systems in plants. New Phytol 177:877\u2013888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2007.02323.x","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"5198_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s11829-010-9084-5","volume":"4","author":"MV Ramos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ramos MV, Grangeiro TB, Freire EA, Sales MP, Souza DP, Ara\u00fajo EA, Freitas CDT (2010) The defensive role of latex in plants: detrimental effects on insects. Arthropod Plant Interact 4:57\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11829-010-9084-5","journal-title":"Arthropod Plant Interact"},{"key":"5198_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10930-014-9551-4","volume":"33","author":"MV Ramos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramos MV, Souza DP, Gomes MTR, Freitas CDT, Carvalho CPS, J\u00fanior PAVR, Salas CE (2014) A phytopathogenic cysteine peptidase from latex of wild rubber vine Cryptostegia grandiflora. Protein J 33:199\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10930-014-9551-4","journal-title":"Protein J"},{"key":"5198_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2015.09.012","volume":"119","author":"MV Ramos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ramos MV, Oliveira RS, Pereira HM, Moreno FB, Lobo MD, Rebelo LM, Grangeiro TB (2015) Crystal structure of an antifungal osmotin-like protein from Calotropis procera and its effects on Fusarium solani spores, as revealed by atomic force microscopy: insights into the mechanism of action. Phytochemistry 119:5\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phytochem.2015.09.012","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"5198_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2019.03.006","volume":"24","author":"MV Ramos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramos MV, Demarco D, Souza ICC, Freitas CDT (2019) Laticifers, latex and their role in plant defense. Trends Plant Sci 24:553\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tplants.2019.03.006","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci"},{"key":"5198_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.abr.2019.09.002","volume":"93","author":"MV Ramos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramos MV, Freitas CDT, Morais FS, Prado E, Medina MC, Demarco D (2020) Plant latex and latex-borne defense. Adv Bot Res 93:1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.abr.2019.09.002","journal-title":"Adv Bot Res"},{"key":"5198_CR36","first-page":"33","volume":"61","author":"KR Roeser","year":"1972","unstructured":"Roeser KR (1972) Die Nadel der Schwarzkiefer \u2013 Massenprodukt und Kunstwerk der Natur. Mikrokosmos 61:33\u201336","journal-title":"Mikrokosmos"},{"key":"5198_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.4236\/ajps.2023.1411093","volume":"14","author":"K Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh K, Majumder T, Mallick A, Samajder A, Modak M, Devi MS, Roy K (2023) Defensive role of plant latex on insect pests\u2019 suppression: a critical review. Am J Plant Sci 14:1375\u20131398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/ajps.2023.1411093","journal-title":"Am J Plant Sci"},{"key":"5198_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-011-1392-1","volume":"234","author":"DP Souza","year":"2011","unstructured":"Souza DP, Freitas CDT, Pereira DA, Nogueira FC, Silva FDA, Salas CE, Ramos MV (2011) Laticifer proteins play a defensive role against hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic phytopathogens. Planta 234:183\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00425-011-1392-1","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"5198_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2017.09.009","volume":"119","author":"ICC Souza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Souza ICC, Ramos MV, Costa JH, Freitas CDT, Oliveira RSB, Moreno FB, Moreira RA, Carvalho CPS (2017) The osmotin of Calotropis procera latex is not expressed in laticifer-free cultivated callus and under salt stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 119:312\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphy.2017.09.009","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"5198_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1006\/anbo.1995.1048","volume":"75","author":"SS Suri","year":"1995","unstructured":"Suri SS, Ramawat KG (1995) In vitro hormonal regulation of laticifer differentiation in Calotropis procera. Ann Bot 75:477\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/anbo.1995.1048","journal-title":"Ann Bot"},{"key":"5198_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02873844","volume":"38","author":"SS Suri","year":"1996","unstructured":"Suri SS, Ramawat KG (1996) Effect of Calotropis latex on laticifers differentiation in callus cultures of Calotropis procera. Biol Plant 38:185\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02873844","journal-title":"Biol Plant"},{"key":"5198_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2011.01.033","volume":"46","author":"FM Teixeira","year":"2011","unstructured":"Teixeira FM, Ramos MV, Soares AA, Oliveira RS, Almeida-Filho LCP, Oliveira JS, Carvalho CPS (2011) In vitro tissue culture of the medicinal shrub Calotropis procera to produce pharmacologically active proteins from plant latex. Process Biochem 46:1118\u20131124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procbio.2011.01.033","journal-title":"Process Biochem"},{"key":"5198_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2017.12.012","volume":"123","author":"A Ullah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ullah A, Hussain A, Shaban M, Khan AH, Alariqi M, Gul S, Jun Z, Lin S, Li J, Jin S, Munis MFH (2018) Osmotin: a plant defense tool against biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant Physiol Biochem 123:149\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphy.2017.12.012","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"5198_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00088a071","volume":"37","author":"J Xavier-Filho","year":"1989","unstructured":"Xavier-Filho J, Campos FAP, Ary MB, Silva CP, Carvalho MMM, Macedo MLR, Lemos FJA, Grant G (1989) Poor correlation between the levels of proteinase inhibitors found in seeds of different cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and resistance\/susceptibility to predation by Callosobruchus maculatus. J Agric Food Chem 37:1139\u20131143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf00088a071","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"5198_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5492","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO01119D","volume":"14","author":"F Zou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zou F, Tan C, Shinali TS, Zhang B, Zhang L, Han Z, Shang N (2023) Plant antimicrobial peptides: a comprehensive review of their classification, production, mode of action, functions, applications, and challenges. Food Funct 14(12):5492\u20135515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D3FO01119D","journal-title":"Food Funct"}],"container-title":["Planta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00425-026-05198-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00425-026-05198-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00425-026-05198-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:32:43Z","timestamp":1792679563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00425-026-05198-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["5198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00425-026-05198-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-0935","1432-2048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-0935","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 September 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT-5 to correct typographical errors and grammatical structures in the manuscript. All content was subsequently reviewed and edited by the authors, who take full responsibility for the final version of the publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"165"}}