{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:49:17Z","timestamp":1791370157098,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-014-0563-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T06:15:21Z","timestamp":1395728121000},"page":"836-851","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Practice-related optimization and transfer of executive functions: a general review and a specific realization of their mechanisms in dual tasks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Tilo","family":"Strobach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Salminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Karbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"563_CR3","volume-title":"Working memory","author":"A Baddeley","year":"1986","unstructured":"Baddeley, A. (1986). Working memory. New York: Clarendon Press\/Oxford University Press."},{"key":"563_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1080\/09541440500423244","volume":"18","author":"GPH Band","year":"2006","unstructured":"Band, G. P. H., & van Nes, F. T. (2006). Reconfiguration and the bottleneck: does task switching affect the refractory-period effect? European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 18, 593\u2013623.","journal-title":"European Journal of Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"563_CR5","unstructured":"Beringer, J. (2000). Experimental Runtime System. BeriSoft Cooperation, Frankfurt am Main (1987\u20132000)."},{"key":"563_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3758\/APP.71.3.503","volume":"71","author":"ME Berryhill","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berryhill, M. E., & Hughes, H. C. (2009). On the minimization of task switch costs following long-term training. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 71, 503\u2013514.","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics"},{"issue":"4","key":"563_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.20.4.695","volume":"20","author":"L Bherer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bherer, L., Kramer, A. F., Peterson, M. S., Colcombe, S., Erickson, K., & Becic, E. (2005). Training effects on dual-task performance: are there age-related differences in plasticity of attentional control? Psychology and Aging, 20(4), 695\u2013709.","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"key":"563_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/03610730802070068","volume":"34","author":"L Bherer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bherer, L., Kramer, A. F., Peterson, M. S., Colcombe, S., Erickson, K., & Becic, E. (2008). Transfer effects in task-set cost and dual-task cost after dual-task training in older and younger adults: further evidence for cognitive plasticity in attentional control in late adulthood. Experimental Aging Research, 34, 188\u2013209.","journal-title":"Experimental Aging Research"},{"key":"563_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00063","volume":"6","author":"Y Brehmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brehmer, Y., Westerberg, H., & B\u00e4ckman, L. (2012). Working-memory training in younger and older adults: training gains, transfer, and maintenance. Frontiers In Human Neuroscience, 6, 63.","journal-title":"Frontiers In Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"563_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.3758\/MC.36.4.735","volume":"36","author":"NG Buchler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buchler, N. G., Hoyer, W. J., & Cerella, J. (2008). Rules and more rules: the effects of multiple tasks, extensive training, and aging on task-switching performance. Memory & Cognition, 36(4), 735\u2013748.","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"563_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1998)6:4<270::AID-HBM6>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"6","author":"G Bush","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bush, G., Whalen, P. J., Rosen, B. R., Jenike, M. A., McInerney, S. C., & Rauch, S. L. (1998). The Counting Stroop: an interference task specialized for functional neuroimaging: validation study with functional MRI. Human Brain Mapping, 6(4), 270\u2013282.","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"563_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.37.5.715","volume":"37","author":"NJ Cepeda","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cepeda, N. J., Kramer, A. F., & Gonzalez de Sather, J. C. M. (2001). Changes in executive control across the life span: examination of task-switching performance. Developmental Psychology, 37, 715\u2013730.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"563_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014296","volume":"23","author":"E Dahlin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dahlin, E., Nyberg, L., B\u00e4ckman, L., & Neely, A. (2008). Plasticity of executive functioning in young and older adults: immediate training gains, transfer, and long-term maintenance. Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 720\u2013730.","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"563_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1076\/anec.10.2.85.14463","volume":"10","author":"DJ Davidson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davidson, D. J., Zacks, R. T., & Williams, C. C. (2003). Stroop interference, practice, and aging. Aging, Neuropsychology, And Cognition, 10(2), 85\u201398.","journal-title":"Aging, Neuropsychology, And Cognition"},{"key":"563_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/14640749508401372","volume":"48A","author":"R Jong De","year":"1995","unstructured":"De Jong, R. (1995). The role of preparation in overlapping-task performance. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 48A, 2\u201325.","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"563_CR17","unstructured":"Dotson, V.M., Sozda, C.N., Marsiske, M., & Perlstein, W.M. (2014). Within-session practice eliminates age differences in cognitive control. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition."},{"issue":"2","key":"563_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.20.2.470","volume":"20","author":"CL Dulaney","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dulaney, C. L., & Rogers, W. A. (1994). Mechanisms underlying reduction in Stroop interference with practice for young and old adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(2), 470\u2013484.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"563_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(95)02116-7","volume":"54","author":"S Edwards","year":"1996","unstructured":"Edwards, S., Brice, C., Craig, C., & Penri-Jones, R. (1996). Effects of caffeine, practice and mode of presentation on Stroop task performance. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 54(2), 309\u2013315.","journal-title":"Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"563_CR21","first-page":"412","volume":"93","author":"NR Ellis","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ellis, N. R., Woodley-Zanthos, P., Dulaney, C. L., & Palmer, R. L. (1989). Automatic-effortful processing and cognitive inertia in persons with mental retardation. American Journal On Mental Retardation, 93(4), 412\u2013423.","journal-title":"American Journal On Mental Retardation"},{"issue":"3","key":"563_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03197574","volume":"5","author":"JH Flowers","year":"1977","unstructured":"Flowers, J. H., & Stoup, C. M. (1977). Selective attention between words, shapes, and colors in speeded classification and vocalization tasks. Memory & Cognition, 5(3), 299\u2013307.","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"563_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.133.1.101","volume":"133","author":"NP Friedman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Friedman, N. P., & Miyake, A. (2004). The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: a latent-variable analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133(1), 101\u2013135.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"563_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Green, C. S., Strobach, T., & Schubert, T. (2014). On methodological standards in training and transfer experiments. Psychological Research.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-013-0535-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"563_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1982.9915362","volume":"111","author":"MM Harbeson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Harbeson, M. M., Krause, M., Kennedy, R. S., & Bittner, A. C. (1982). The Stroop as a performance evaluation test for environmental research. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 111(2), 223\u2013233.","journal-title":"Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied"},{"key":"563_CR26","first-page":"417","volume":"128","author":"AA Hartley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hartley, A. A., & Little, D. M. (1999). Age-related differences and similarities in dual-task interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128, 417\u2013450.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"563_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021497","volume":"26","author":"AA Hartley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hartley, A. A., Maquestiaux, F., & Silverman Butts, N. (2011). A demonstration of dual-task performance without interference in some older adults. Psychology and Aging, 26, 181\u2013187.","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"key":"563_CR29","first-page":"527","volume":"28","author":"E Hazeltine","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hazeltine, E., Teague, D., & Ivry, R. B. (2002). Simultaneous dual-task performance reveals parallel response selection after practice. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 527\u2013545.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"563_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinzel, S., Schulte, S., Onken, J., Duong, Q.-L., Riemer, T. G., Heinz, A., Kathmann, N., & Rapp, M. A. (2014). Working memory training improvements and gains in non-trained cognitive tasks in young and older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition.","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2013.790338"},{"key":"563_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.109.1.98","volume":"109","author":"W Hirst","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hirst, W., Spelke, E. S., Reaves, C. C., Caharack, G., & Neisser, U. (1980). Dividing attention without alteration or automaticity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109, 98\u2013117.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"563_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6829","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801268105","volume":"105","author":"SM Jaeggi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Perrig, W. J. (2008). Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 6829\u20136833.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"563_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Shah, P., & Jonides, J. (2014). The role of individual differences in cognitive training and transfer. Memory & Cognition.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-013-0364-z"},{"issue":"6","key":"563_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2010.09.001","volume":"38","author":"SM Jaeggi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jaeggi, S. M., Studer-Luethi, B., Buschkuehl, M., Su, Y., Jonides, J., & Perrig, W. J. (2010). The relationship between n-back performance and matrix reasoning\u2014Implications for training and transfer. Intelligence, 38(6), 625\u2013635.","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"563_CR40","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Cognitive neuroscience","author":"J Jonides","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jonides, J., & Smith, E. E. (1997). The architecture of working memory. In M. D. Rugg (Ed.), Cognitive neuroscience (pp. 243\u2013276). Cambridge: The MIT Press."},{"key":"563_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2010.12.010","volume":"119","author":"JE Kamienkowski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kamienkowski, J. E., Pashler, H., Sigman, M., & Dehaene, S. (2011). Effects of practice on task architecture: combined evidence from interference experiments and random-walk models of decision making. Cognition, 119, 81\u201395.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"6","key":"563_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00846.x","volume":"12","author":"J Karbach","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karbach, J., & Kray, J. (2009). How useful is executive control training? Age differences in near and far transfer of task-switching training. Developmental Science., 12(6), 978\u2013990.","journal-title":"Developmental Science."},{"issue":"3","key":"563_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019845","volume":"25","author":"J Karbach","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karbach, J., Mang, S., & Kray, J. (2010). Transfer of task-switching training in older age: the role of verbal processes. Psychology and Aging, 25(3), 677\u2013683.","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"key":"563_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karbach, J., Strobach, T., & Schubert, T. (2014). Effects of working memory training on academic abilities: Adaptive training benefits reading, but not math in second and third graders. Child Neuropsychology.","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2014.899336"},{"key":"563_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019842","volume":"136","author":"A Kiesel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kiesel, A., Steinhauser, M., Wendt, M., Falkenstein, M., Jost, K., Phillip, A., et al. (2010). Control and interference in task switching-a review. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 849\u2013874.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"7","key":"563_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.05.002","volume":"14","author":"T Klingberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Klingberg, T. (2010). Training and plasticity of working memory. Trends In Cognitive Sciences, 14(7), 317\u2013324.","journal-title":"Trends In Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"563_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200502000-00010","volume":"44","author":"T Klingberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Klingberg, T., Fernell, E., Olesen, P. J., Johnson, M., Gustafsson, P., Dahlstrom, K., et al. (2005). Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHD\u2014A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 177\u2013186.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"563_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-6918(99)00011-6","volume":"101","author":"AF Kramer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kramer, A. F., Hahn, S., & Gopher, D. (1999a). Task coordination and aging: explorations of executive control processes in the task switching paradigm. Acta Psychologica, 101(2\u20133), 339\u2013378.","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"10","key":"563_CR51","first-page":"50","volume":"1","author":"AF Kramer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kramer, A. F., Larish, J. F., & Strayer, D. L. (1995). Training for attentional control in dual task settings: a comparison of young and old adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 1(10), 50\u201376.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied"},{"key":"563_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1480.003.0031","volume-title":"Attention and performance XVII: Cognitive regulation of performance: Interaction of theory and application","author":"AF Kramer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kramer, A. F., Larish, J. L., Weber, T. A., & Bardell, L. (1999b). Training for executive control: Task coordination strategies and aging. In D. Gopher & A. Koriat (Eds.), Attention and performance XVII: Cognitive regulation of performance: Interaction of theory and application (pp. 617\u2013652). Cambridge: The MIT Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"563_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2008.00673.x","volume":"11","author":"J Kray","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kray, J., Eber, J., & Karbach, J. (2008). Verbal self-instructions in task switching: a compensatory tool for action-control deficits in childhood and old age? Developmental Science, 11(2), 223\u2013236.","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"563_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2005.12.009","volume":"123","author":"J Kray","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kray, J., & Eppinger, B. (2006). Effects of associative learning on age differences in task-set switching. Acta Psychologica, 123(3), 187\u2013203.","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"563_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2011.00180","volume":"5","author":"J Kray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kray, J., Karbach, J., Haenig, S., & Freitag, C. (2012). Can task-switching training enhance executive control functioning in children with attention deficit\/-hyperactivity disorder? Frontiers In Human Neuroscience, 5, 180.","journal-title":"Frontiers In Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"563_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.15.1.126","volume":"15","author":"J Kray","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kray, J., & Lindenberger, U. (2000). Adult age differences in task switching. Psychology and Aging, 15, 126\u2013147.","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"563_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014343","volume":"23","author":"S Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li, S., Schmiedek, F., Huxhold, O., R\u00f6cke, C., Smith, J., & Lindenberger, U. (2008). Working memory plasticity in old age: practice gain, transfer, and maintenance. Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 731\u2013742.","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"563_CR59","first-page":"299","volume":"31","author":"M Lien","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lien, M., Ruthruff, E., Remington, R. W., & Johnston, J. C. (2005). On the limits of advance preparation for a task switch: do people prepare all the task some of the time or some of the task all the time? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31(2), 299\u2013315.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"563_CR60","first-page":"692","volume":"29","author":"M-C Lien","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lien, M.-C., Schweickert, R., & Proctor, R. W. (2003). Task switching and response correspondence in the psychological refractory period paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29, 692\u2013712.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"7","key":"563_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2010.543284","volume":"64","author":"R Liepelt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liepelt, R., Strobach, T., Frensch, P., & Schubert, T. (2011). Improved intertask coordination after extensive dual-task practice. The Quarterly Journal Of Experimental Psychology, 64(7), 1251\u20131272.","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal Of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"563_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2011.575772","volume":"18","author":"SV Loosli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loosli, S. V., Buschkuehl, M., Perrig, W. J., & Jaeggi, S. M. (2012). Working memory training improves reading processes in typically developing children. Child Neuropsychology, 18, 62\u201378.","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"563_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.109.2.163","volume":"109","author":"CM MacLeod","year":"1991","unstructured":"MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: an integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109(2), 163\u2013203.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"563_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03201133","volume":"26","author":"CM MacLeod","year":"1998","unstructured":"MacLeod, C. M. (1998). Training on integrated versus separated Stroop tasks: the progression of interference and facilitation. Memory & Cognition, 26(2), 201\u2013211.","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"563_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.14.1.126","volume":"14","author":"CM MacLeod","year":"1988","unstructured":"MacLeod, C. M., & Dunbar, K. (1988). Training and Stroop-like interference: evidence for a continuum of automaticity. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 14(1), 126\u2013135.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"41","key":"563_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13670","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2064-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"AL Manuel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manuel, A. L., Grivel, J., Bernasconi, F., Murray, M. M., & Spierer, L. (2010). Brain dynamics underlying training-induced improvement in suppressing inappropriate action. The Journal Of Neuroscience, 30(41), 13670\u201313678.","journal-title":"The Journal Of Neuroscience"},{"key":"563_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.19.4.649","volume":"19","author":"F Maquestiaux","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maquestiaux, F., Hartley, A. A., & Bertsch, J. (2004). Can practice overcome age-related differences in the psychological refractory period effect? Psychology and Aging, 19, 649\u2013667.","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"563_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.129.1.4","volume":"129","author":"U Mayr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mayr, U., & Keele, S. W. (2000). Changing internal constraints on action: the role of backward inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129(1), 4\u201326.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"6","key":"563_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.22.6.1423","volume":"22","author":"N Meiran","year":"1996","unstructured":"Meiran, N. (1996). Reconfiguration of processing mode prior to task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22(6), 1423\u20131442.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"563_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.104.1.3","volume":"104","author":"DE Meyer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Meyer, D. E., & Kieras, D. E. (1997). A computational theory of executive cognitive processes and multiple-task performance: part 1. Basic mechanisms. Psychological Review, 104, 3\u201365.","journal-title":"Basic mechanisms. Psychological Review"},{"key":"563_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1480.003.0007","volume-title":"Attention and performance XVII: Cognitive regulation of performance: Interaction of theory and application","author":"DE Meyer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Meyer, D. E., & Kieras, D. E. (1999). Pr\u00e9cis to a practical unified theory of cognition and action: Some lessons from EPIC computational models of human multiple-task performance. In D. Gopher, A. Koriat, D. Gopher, & A. Koriat (Eds.), Attention and performance XVII: Cognitive regulation of performance: Interaction of theory and application (pp. 17\u201388). Cambridge: The MIT Press."},{"issue":"8","key":"563_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.3758\/MC.336.8.1470","volume":"36","author":"M Minear","year":"2008","unstructured":"Minear, M., & Shah, P. (2008). Training and transfer effects in task switching. Memory & Cognition, 36(8), 1470\u20131483.","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"563_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721411429458","volume":"21","author":"A Miyake","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miyake, A., & Friedman, N. P. (2012). The nature and organization of individual differences in executive functions: four general conclusions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(1), 8\u201314.","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"563_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734","volume":"41","author":"A Miyake","year":"2000","unstructured":"Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., & Howerter, A. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex \u2018frontal lobe\u2019 tasks: a latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49\u2013100.","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"563_CR79","unstructured":"Monsell, S. (1996). Control of mental processes. In V. Bruce (Ed.), Unsolved mysteries of the mind: Tutorial essays in cognition (pp. 93\u2013148). Oxford England: Erlbaum (Uk) Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"563_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00028-7","volume":"7","author":"S Monsell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Monsell, S. (2003). Task switching. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 134\u2013140.","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"563_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1990.tb02349.x","volume":"81","author":"N Morris","year":"1990","unstructured":"Morris, N., & Jones, D. M. (1990). Memory updating in working memory: the role of the central executive. British Journal of Psychology, 81(2), 111\u2013121.","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"563_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-010-0034-0","volume":"18","author":"AB Morrison","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morrison, A. B., & Chein, J. M. (2011). Does working memory training work? The promise and challenges of enhancing cognition by training working memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18(1), 46\u201360.","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"563_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.013","volume":"32","author":"JL Mozolic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mozolic, J. L., Long, A. B., Morgan, A. R., Rawley-Payne, M., & Laurienti, P. J. (2011). A cognitive training intervention improves modality-specific attention in a randomized controlled trial of healthy older adults. Neurobiology of Aging, 32(4), 655\u2013668.","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"563_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2896(02)00115-0","volume":"31","author":"K Oberauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Oberauer, K., S\u00fc\u00df, H., Wilhelm, O., & Wittmann, W. W. (2003). The multiple faces of working memory: storage, processing, supervision, and coordination. Intelligence, 31(2), 167\u2013193.","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"563_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.116.2.220","volume":"116","author":"H Pashler","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pashler, H. (1994). Dual-task interference in simple tasks: data and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 220\u2013244.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"563_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2013.06.009","volume":"41","author":"M Pereg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pereg, M., Shahar, N., & Meiran, N. (2013). Task switching training effects are mediated by working-memory management. Intelligence, 41(5), 467\u2013478.","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"563_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Redick, T. S., Shipstead, Z., Harrison, T. L., Hicks, K. L., Fried, D. E., Hambrick, D. Z., & Engle, R. W. (2013). No evidence of intelligence improvement after working memory training: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal Of Experimental Psychology: General, 142(2), 359\u2013379.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029082"},{"issue":"1","key":"563_CR93","first-page":"140","volume":"6","author":"D Reisberg","year":"1980","unstructured":"Reisberg, D., Baron, J., & Kemler, D. G. (1980). Overcoming Stroop interference: the effects of practice on distractor potency. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 6(1), 140\u2013150.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"2","key":"563_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1980.50.2.647","volume":"50","author":"WT Roe","year":"1980","unstructured":"Roe, W. T., Wilsoncroft, W. E., & Griffiths, R. S. (1980). Effects of motor and verbal practice on the Stroop task. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 50(2), 647\u2013650.","journal-title":"Perceptual and Motor Skills"},{"issue":"4","key":"563_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.6.4.542","volume":"6","author":"WA Rogers","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rogers, W. A., & Fisk, A. D. (1991). Are age differences in consistent-mapping visual search due to feature learning or attention training? Psychology and Aging, 6(4), 542\u2013550.","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"key":"563_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.124.2.207","volume":"124","author":"RD Rogers","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rogers, R. D., & Monsell, S. (1995). Costs of a predictable switch between simple cognitive tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 207\u2013231.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"563_CR98","first-page":"763","volume":"27","author":"JS Rubinstein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rubinstein, J. S., Meyer, D. E., & Evans, J. E. (2001). Executive control of cognitive processes in task switching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 763\u2013797.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"563_CR100","first-page":"280","volume":"29","author":"E Ruthruff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ruthruff, E., Johnston, J. C., Van Selst, M. V., Whitsell, S., & Remington, R. (2003). Vanishing dual-task interference after practice: has the bottleneck been eliminated or is it merely latent? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29, 280\u2013289.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"563_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-004-0192-7","volume":"70","author":"E Ruthruff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ruthruff, E., Van Selst, M., Johnston, J. C., & Remington, R. W. (2006). How does practice reduce dual-task interference: integration, automatization, or simply stage-shortening? Psychological Research, 70, 125\u2013142.","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"key":"563_CR103","unstructured":"Salminen, T., Strobach, T., & Schubert, T. (2011). Working memory training: Transfer effects on executive control processes. In J. \u00d6zyurt, A. Ansch\u00fctz, S. Bernholt, & J. Lenk (Eds.). Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Cognition, Education, and the Brain. Hanse Studies, (Vol. 7, pp. 121\u2013129). Oldeburg: BIS-Verlag."},{"key":"563_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00166","volume":"6","author":"T Salminen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salminen, T., Strobach, T., & Schubert, T. (2012). On the impacts of working memory training on executive functioning. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 166.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"563_CR108","first-page":"408","volume":"25","author":"T Schubert","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schubert, T. (1999). Processing differences between simple and choice reaction affect bottleneck localization in overlapping tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25, 408\u2013425.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"563_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.2741\/2950","volume":"13","author":"T Schubert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schubert, T. (2008). The central attentional limitation and executive control. Frontiers of Bioscience, 13, 3569\u20133580.","journal-title":"Frontiers of Bioscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"563_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2012.06.010","volume":"141","author":"T Schubert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schubert, T., & Strobach, T. (2012). Video game experience and optimized executive control skills\u2014On false positives and false negatives: reply to Boot and Simons (2012). Acta Psychologica, 141(2), 278\u2013280.","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"563_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(03)00198-8","volume":"17","author":"T Schubert","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schubert, T., & Szameitat, A. (2003). Functional neuroanatomy of interference in overlapping dual tasks: an fMRI study. Cognitive Brain Research, 17(3), 733\u2013746.","journal-title":"Cognitive Brain Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"563_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00318","volume":"12","author":"EH Schumacher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schumacher, E. H., Seymour, T. L., Glass, J. M., Fencsik, D. E., Lauber, E. J., Kieras, D. E., et al. (2001). Virtually perfect time sharing in dual-task performance: uncorking the central cognitive bottleneck. Psychological Science, 12(2), 101\u2013108.","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"563_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028467","volume":"39","author":"Z Shipstead","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shipstead, Z., & Engle, R. W. (2013). Interference within the focus of attention: working memory tasks reflect more than temporary maintenance. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39(1), 277\u2013289.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"563_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2011.630973","volume":"19","author":"T Strobach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strobach, T., Frensch, P. A., M\u00fcller, H., & Schubert, T. (2012a). Age- and practice-related influences on dual-task costs and compensation mechanisms under optimal conditions for dual-task performance. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 19(1\u20132), 222\u2013247.","journal-title":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition"},{"key":"563_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00039","volume":"6","author":"T Strobach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strobach, T., Frensch, P. A., M\u00fcller, H., & Schubert, T. (2012b). Testing the limits of optimizing dual-task performance in younger and older adults. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 39.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"563_CR118","unstructured":"Strobach, T., Frensch, P. A., & Schubert, T. (2008). The temporal stability of skilled dual-task performance. In: H. D. Zimmer, C. Frings, A. Mecklinger, B. Opitz, M. Pospeschill, & D. Wentura (Eds.), Cognitive Science 2007. Saarbr\u00fccken: Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society of Germany."},{"issue":"1","key":"563_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2012.02.001","volume":"140","author":"T Strobach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strobach, T., Frensch, P. A., & Schubert, T. (2012c). Video game practice optimizes executive control skills in dual-task and task switching situations. Acta Psychologica, 140(1), 13\u201324.","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"6","key":"563_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-011-0381-0","volume":"76","author":"T Strobach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strobach, T., Frensch, P. A., Soutschek, A., & Schubert, T. (2012d). Investigation on the improvement and transfer of dual-task coordination skills. Psychological Research, 76(6), 794\u2013811.","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"563_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-013-0451-z","volume":"75","author":"T Strobach","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strobach, T., Liepelt, R., Pashler, H., Frensch, P. A., & Schubert, T. (2013). Effects of extensive dual-task practice on processing stages in simultaneous choice tasks. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 75(5), 900\u2013920.","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics"},{"issue":"1","key":"563_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-011-0323-x","volume":"76","author":"T Strobach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strobach, T., Liepelt, R., Schubert, T., & Kiesel, A. (2012e). Task switching: effects of practice on switch and mixing costs. Psychological Research, 76(1), 74\u201383.","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"key":"563_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strobach, T., Schubert, T., Pashler, H., & Rickard, T. (2014). The specificity of learned parallelism in dual-memory retrieval. Memory & Cognition.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-013-0382-x"},{"issue":"6","key":"563_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054651","volume":"18","author":"JR Stroop","year":"1935","unstructured":"Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643\u2013662.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"563_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-005-0015-5","volume":"70","author":"AJ Szameitat","year":"2006","unstructured":"Szameitat, A. J., Lepsien, J., von Cramon, D., Sterr, A., & Schubert, T. (2006). Task-order coordination in dual-task performance and the lateral prefrontal cortex: an event-related fMRI study. Psychological Research, 70(6), 541\u2013552.","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"563_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902760807195","volume":"14","author":"AJ Szameitat","year":"2002","unstructured":"Szameitat, A. J., Schubert, T., M\u00fcller, K., & von Cramon, D. (2002). Localization of executive functions in dual-task performance with fMRI. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(8), 1184\u20131199.","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"563_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Titz, C. & Karbach, J. (2014). Working memory and executive functions: Effects of training on academic achievement. Psychological Research.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-013-0537-1"},{"key":"563_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2012.00075","volume":"6","author":"T T\u00f6llner","year":"2012","unstructured":"T\u00f6llner, T., Strobach, T., Schubert, T., & M\u00fcller, H. (2012). The effect of task order predictability in audio-visual dual task performance: just a central capacity limitation? Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 6, 75.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience"},{"key":"563_CR130","first-page":"795","volume":"30","author":"M Tombu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tombu, M., & Jolicoeur, P. (2004). Virtually no evidence for virtually perfect time-sharing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 30, 795\u2013810.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"3","key":"563_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721411408772","volume":"20","author":"P Verhaeghen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Verhaeghen, P. (2011). Aging and executive control: reports of a demise greatly exaggerated. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(3), 174\u2013180.","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"563_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2013.02.002","volume":"69","author":"CC Bastian von","year":"2013","unstructured":"von Bastian, C. C., & Oberauer, K. (2013). Distinct transfer effects of training different facets of working memory capacity. Journal of Memory and Language, 69(1), 36\u201358.","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"issue":"3","key":"563_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025926","volume":"27","author":"AJ Wilkinson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilkinson, A. J., & Yang, L. (2012). Plasticity of inhibition in older adults: retest practice and transfer effects. Psychology and Aging, 27(3), 606\u2013615.","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"key":"563_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00041","volume":"6","author":"K Zinke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zinke, K., Einert, M., Pfennig, L., & Kliegel, M. (2012). Plasticity of executive control through task switching training in adolescents. Frontiers In Human Neuroscience, 6, 41.","journal-title":"Frontiers In Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"563_CR137","unstructured":"Zinke, K., Zeintl, M., Rose, N. S., Putzmann, J., Pydde, A., & Kliegel, M. (2013). Working memory training and transfer in older adults: effects of age, baseline performance, and training gains. Developmental Psychology."}],"container-title":["Psychological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00426-014-0563-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00426-014-0563-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00426-014-0563-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T05:57:02Z","timestamp":1716616622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00426-014-0563-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00426-014-0563-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-0727","1430-2772"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-0727","type":"print"},{"value":"1430-2772","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]]}}}