{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:05:39Z","timestamp":1787508339720,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52275238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52275238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Space Medical Experiment Project of CMSP","award":["HYZHXMR01011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HYZHXMR01011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-026-02287-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T03:16:31Z","timestamp":1776050191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of dual-axis orientation disparities and visuo-vestibular cue conflicts on perspective taking"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0878-8791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8795-5237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7586-5852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0370-2369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaozhou","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"31","key":"2287_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8074","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0745-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"S Arzy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arzy, S., Thut, G., Mohr, C., Michel, C. M., & Blanke, O. (2006). Neural basis of embodiment: Distinct contributions of temporoparietal junction and extrastriate body area. The Journal of Neuroscience, 26(31), 8074\u20138081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0745-06.2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2287_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315807607","author":"FG Ashby","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ashby, F. G. (2014). Multidimensional models of perception and cognition. Psychology Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315807607","journal-title":"Psychology Press"},{"issue":"1","key":"2287_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-021-00144-w","volume":"7","author":"B Belobrajdic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Belobrajdic, B., Melone, K., & Diaz-Artiles, A. (2021). Planetary extravehicular activity (EVA) risk mitigation strategies for long-duration space missions. Npj Microgravity, 7(1), Article 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41526-021-00144-w","journal-title":"Npj Microgravity"},{"key":"2287_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00759","volume":"4","author":"DL Bimler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bimler, D. L., Izmailov, C. A., & Paramei, G. V. (2013). Processing bimodal stimuli: Integrality\/separability of color and orientation. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, Article 759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00759","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2287_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104467","volume":"249","author":"N Brady","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brady, N., Leonard, S., & Choisdealbha, \u00c1. N. (2024). Visual perspective taking and action understanding. Acta Psychologica, 249, Article 104467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104467","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"2287_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12597","volume":"15","author":"M Brucato","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brucato, M., Frick, A., Pichelmann, S., Nazareth, A., & Newcombe, N. S. (2023). Measuring spatial perspective taking: Analysis of four measures using item response theory. Topics in Cognitive Science, 15(1), 46\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tops.12597","journal-title":"Topics in Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2287_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.09.004","volume":"52","author":"TT Bruny\u00e9","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bruny\u00e9, T. T., Ditman, T., Giles, G. E., Mahoney, C. R., Kessler, K., & Taylor, H. A. (2012). Gender and autistic personality traits predict perspective-taking ability in typical adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(1), 84\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2011.09.004","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"7","key":"2287_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132317","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132317","volume":"10","author":"G Cl\u00e9ment","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cl\u00e9ment, G., Allaway, H. C. M., Demel, M., Golemis, A., Kindrat, A. N., Melinyshyn, A. N., Merali, T., & Thirsk, R. (2015). Long-duration spaceflight increases depth ambiguity of reversible perspective figures. PLoS One, 10(7), e0132317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132317","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2287_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2016.01.007","volume":"164","author":"GG Cole","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cole, G. G., Atkinson, M., Le, A. T. D., & Smith, D. T. (2016). Do humans spontaneously take the perspective of others? Acta Psychologica, 164, 165\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2016.01.007","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"2287_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2013.10.006","volume":"33","author":"M Conson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Conson, M., Trojano, L., Vitale, C., Mazzarella, E., Allocca, R., Barone, P., Grossi, D., & Santangelo, G. (2014). The role of embodied simulation in mental transformation of whole-body images: Evidence from Parkinson\u2019s disease. Human Movement Science, 33, 343\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humov.2013.10.006","journal-title":"Human Movement Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2287_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1460","volume":"8","author":"M Conson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Conson, M., Mazzarella, E., Esposito, D., Grossi, D., Marino, N., Massagli, A., & Frolli, A. (2015). \u201cPut myself into your place\u201d: Embodied simulation and perspective taking in autism spectrum disorders. Autism Research, 8(4), 454\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1460","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"key":"2287_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cooper, L. A., & Shepard, R. N. (1973). Chronometric studies of the rotation of mental images. In W. G. Chase (Ed.), Visual information processing (pp. 75\u2013176). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-170150-5.50009-3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-170150-5.50009-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"2287_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.10.2.318","volume":"10","author":"MC Corballis","year":"1984","unstructured":"Corballis, M. C., & McLaren, R. (1984). Winding one\u2019s Ps and Qs: Mental rotation and mirror-image discrimination. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance, 10(3), 318\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-1523.10.2.318","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"1","key":"2287_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(01)00118-4","volume":"81","author":"SH Creem","year":"2001","unstructured":"Creem, S. H., Wraga, M., & Proffitt, D. R. (2001). Imagining physically impossible self-rotations: Geometry is more important than gravity. Cognition, 81(1), 41\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0010-0277(01)00118-4","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2287_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.11.002","volume":"533","author":"M Dalecki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dalecki, M., Dern, S., & Steinberg, F. (2013). Mental rotation of a letter, hand and complex scene in microgravity. Neuroscience Letters, 533, 55\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.11.002","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"2287_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-019-1091-z","volume":"4","author":"R Danovaro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danovaro, R., Fanelli, E., Aguzzi, J., Billett, D., Carugati, L., Corinaldesi, C., Dell\u2019Anno, A., Gjerde, K., Jamieson, A. J., Kark, S., McClain, C., Levin, L., Levin, N., Ramirez-Llodra, E., Ruhl, H., Smith, C. R., Snelgrove, P. V. R., Thomsen, L., Van Dover, C. L., & Yasuhara, M. (2020). Ecological variables for developing a global deep-Ocean monitoring and conservation strategy. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4(2), 181\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41559-019-1091-z","journal-title":"Nature Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"2287_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2021.793634","volume":"15","author":"S Delle Monache","year":"2021","unstructured":"Delle Monache, S., Indovina, I., Zago, M., Daprati, E., Lacquaniti, F., & Bosco, G. (2021). Watching the effects of gravity. Vestibular cortex and the neural representation of \u201cVisual\u201d gravity. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 15, Article 793634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnint.2021.793634","journal-title":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience"},{"key":"2287_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.022","volume":"79","author":"D Deroualle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deroualle, D., Borel, L., Dev\u00e8ze, A., & Lopez, C. (2015). Changing perspective: The role of vestibular signals. Neuropsychologia, 79, 175\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.022","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2287_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0001256","volume":"51","author":"TM Erle","year":"2025","unstructured":"Erle, T. M., Hertogs, N. J., & Tran, C. B. (2025). The effects of gender and gender (in)congruency on level-2 visuo-spatial perspective-taking performance: An individual participant data meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance, 51(1), 20\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/xhp0001256","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"6","key":"2287_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1027\/1618-3169\/a000161","volume":"59","author":"CJ Falconer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Falconer, C. J., & Mast, F. W. (2012). Balancing the mind: Vestibular induced facilitation of egocentric mental transformations. Experimental Psychology, 59(6), 332\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1618-3169\/a000161","journal-title":"Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2287_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3503","volume":"14","author":"CR Fetsch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fetsch, C. R., DeAngelis, G. C., & Angelaki, D. E. (2013). Bridging the gap between theories of sensory cue integration and the physiology of multisensory neurons. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14(6), 429\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3503","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"2287_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-023-02249-7","volume":"30","author":"B Ford","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ford, B., Monk, R., Litchfield, D., & Qureshi, A. (2023). Manipulating avatar age and gender in level-2 visual perspective taking. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 30(4), 1431\u20131441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-023-02249-7","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"2287_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2011.04.006","volume":"137","author":"MR Gardner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gardner, M. R., & Potts, R. (2011). Domain general mechanisms account for imagined transformations of whole body perspective. Acta Psychologica, 137(3), 371\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2011.04.006","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"2287_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2012.02.002","volume":"140","author":"MR Gardner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gardner, M. R., Sorhus, I., Edmonds, C. J., & Potts, R. (2012). Sex differences in components of imagined perspective transformation. Acta Psychologica, 140(1), 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2012.02.002","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"2","key":"2287_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-016-0755-4","volume":"81","author":"MR Gardner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gardner, M. R., Stent, C., Mohr, C., & Golding, J. F. (2017). Embodied perspective-taking indicated by selective disruption from aberrant self motion. Psychological Research = Psychologische Forschung, 81(2), 480\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00426-016-0755-4","journal-title":"Psychological Research = Psychologische Forschung"},{"key":"2287_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gong, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, Q., Zhao, J., Zhao, N., Zou, M.,..., & Wang, Y. (2022). The influence of cooperative action intention on object affordance: evidence from the perspective-taking ability of individuals.\u00a0Psychological Research,\u00a086(3), 757-768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00426-021-01523-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-021-01523-4"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"2287_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3233\/ves-2007-175-608","volume":"17","author":"L Grabherr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grabherr, L., Karmali, F., Bach, S., Indermaur, K., Metzler, S., & Mast, F. W. (2008). Mental own-body and body-part transformations in microgravity. Journal of Vestibular Research, 17(5\u20136), 279\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ves-2007-175-608","journal-title":"Journal of Vestibular Research"},{"key":"2287_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/bs.3830140408","volume":"14","author":"H Hamburger","year":"1969","unstructured":"Hamburger, H. (1969). Donald R. J. laming. Information, theory of choice\u2010reaction times. Behavioral Science, 14, 330\u2013333.","journal-title":"Behavioral Science"},{"key":"2287_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hart, S. G., & Staveland, L. E. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research. In Advances in Psychology (Vol. 52, pp. 139\u2013183). Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"2287_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2896(02)00116-2","volume":"30","author":"M Hegarty","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hegarty, M. (2002). Development of a self-report measure of environmental spatial ability. Intelligence, 30(5), 425\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0160-2896(02)00116-2","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"2287_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hegarty, M., & Waller, D. (2005). Individual differences in spatial abilities. The Cambridge Handbook of Visuospatial Thinking, 121\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511610448.005","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511610448.005"},{"issue":"5720","key":"2287_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1107961","volume":"308","author":"I Indovina","year":"2005","unstructured":"Indovina, I., Maffei, V., Bosco, G., Zago, M., Macaluso, E., & Lacquaniti, F. (2005). Representation of visual gravitational motion in the human vestibular cortex. Science, 308(5720), 416\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1107961","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2287_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00203","volume":"11","author":"B J\u00f6rges","year":"2017","unstructured":"J\u00f6rges, B., & L\u00f3pez-Moliner, J. (2017). Gravity as a strong prior: Implications for perception and action. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, Article 203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00203","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"2287_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.04.013","volume":"46","author":"S Kaiser","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaiser, S., Walther, S., Nennig, E., Kronm\u00fcller, K., Mundt, C., Weisbrod, M., Stippich, C., & Vogeley, K. (2008). Gender-specific strategy use and neural correlates in a spatial perspective taking task. Neuropsychologia, 46(10), 2524\u20132531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.04.013","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2287_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kessler, K. (2010). The two forms of visuo-spatial perspective taking are differently embodied and subserve different spatial prepositions. Frontiers in Psychology, Article 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2010.00213","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2010.00213"},{"issue":"5","key":"2287_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200477","volume":"29","author":"M Kozhevnikov","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kozhevnikov, M., & Hegarty, M. (2001). A dissociation between object manipulation spatial ability and spatial orientation ability. Memory & Cognition, 29(5), 745\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03200477","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"2287_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-1095-9","volume":"184","author":"B Lenggenhager","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lenggenhager, B., Lopez, C., & Blanke, O. (2007). Influence of galvanic vestibular stimulation on egocentric and object-based mental transformations. Experimental Brain Research, 184(2), 211\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-007-1095-9","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2287_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2015.1087001","volume":"30","author":"B Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu, B., Charlton, M., Brunsdon, C., & Harris, P. (2016). The minkowski approach for choosing the distance metric in geographically weighted regression. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 30(2), 351\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13658816.2015.1087001","journal-title":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2287_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55200-8","volume":"14","author":"I Luko\u0161i\u016bnait\u0117","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luko\u0161i\u016bnait\u0117, I., Kov\u00e1cs, \u00c1. M., & Sebanz, N. (2024). The influence of another\u2019s actions and presence on perspective taking. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Article 4971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-55200-8","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2287_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.04.082","volume":"1242","author":"WJ Ma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ma, W. J., & Pouget, A. (2008). Linking neurons to behavior in multisensory perception: A computational review. Brain Research, 1242, 4\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.04.082","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2287_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243381","volume":"16","author":"M McManus","year":"2021","unstructured":"McManus, M., & Harris, L. R. (2021). When gravity is not where it should be: How perceived orientation affects visual self-motion processing. PLoS One, 16(1), Article e0243381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243381","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2287_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282975","volume":"18","author":"M McManus","year":"2023","unstructured":"McManus, M., & Harris, L. R. (2023). Enhancement of visual cues to self-motion during a visual\/vestibular conflict. PLoS One, 18(3), Article e0282975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0282975","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2287_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2020.01.039","volume":"170","author":"N Meirhaeghe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meirhaeghe, N., Bayet, V., Paubel, P.-V., & M\u00e9lan, C. (2020). Selective facilitation of egocentric mental transformations under short-term microgravity. Acta Astronautica, 170, 375\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actaastro.2020.01.039","journal-title":"Acta Astronautica"},{"issue":"1","key":"2287_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-014-0644-7","volume":"80","author":"C Meneghetti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meneghetti, C., Borella, E., & Pazzaglia, F. (2016). Mental rotation training: Transfer and maintenance effects on spatial abilities. Psychological Research = Psychologische Forschung, 80(1), 113\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00426-014-0644-7","journal-title":"Psychological Research = Psychologische Forschung"},{"issue":"7","key":"2287_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-020-01441-x","volume":"85","author":"RL Monk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monk, R. L., Colbert, L., Darker, G., Cowling, J., Jones, B., & Qureshi, A. W. (2021). Emotion and liking: How director emotional expression and knowledge of (dis) liking may impact adults\u2019 ability to follow the instructions of an ignorant speaker. Psychological Research = Psychologische Forschung, 85(7), 2755\u20132768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00426-020-01441-x","journal-title":"Psychological Research = Psychologische Forschung"},{"issue":"1","key":"2287_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1027\/1618-3169\/a000505","volume":"68","author":"H Muto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muto, H. (2021). Correlational evidence for the role of spatial perspective-taking ability in the mental rotation of human-like objects. Experimental Psychology, 68(1), 41\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1618-3169\/a000505","journal-title":"Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2287_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1443","volume":"8","author":"JA Searle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Searle, J. A., & Hamm, J. P. (2017). Mental rotation: An examination of assumptions. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science, 8(6), Article e1443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wcs.1443","journal-title":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"3972","key":"2287_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1126\/science.171.3972.701","volume":"171","author":"RN Shepard","year":"1971","unstructured":"Shepard, R. N., & Metzler, J. (1971). Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science, 171(3972), 701\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.171.3972.701","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2287_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2013.12.013","volume":"97","author":"CM Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith, C. M. (2014). Estimation of a genetically viable population for multigenerational interstellar voyaging: Review and data for project Hyperion. Acta Astronautica, 97, 16\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actaastro.2013.12.013","journal-title":"Acta Astronautica"},{"issue":"1","key":"2287_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0021280","volume":"75","author":"JG Snodgrass","year":"1967","unstructured":"Snodgrass, J. G., Luce, R. D., & Galanter, E. (1967). Some experiments on simple and choice reaction time. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 75(1), 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0021280","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2287_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2013.06.008","volume":"129","author":"A Surtees","year":"2013","unstructured":"Surtees, A., Apperly, I., & Samson, D. (2013a). Similarities and differences in visual and spatial perspective-taking processes. Cognition, 129(2), 426\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2013.06.008","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2287_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Surtees, A., Apperly, I., & Samson, D. (2013b). The use of embodied self-rotation for visual and spatial perspective-taking. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Article 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00698","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00698"},{"key":"2287_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2016.05.009","volume":"169","author":"A Taylor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taylor, A., Flynn, M., Edmonds, C. J., & Gardner, M. R. (2016). Observed bodies generate object-based spatial codes. Acta Psychologica, 169, 71\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2016.05.009","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"2287_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104943","volume":"143","author":"M Teaford","year":"2022","unstructured":"Teaford, M., Keller, K., & Merfeld, D. M. (2022). The contribution of interoceptive signals to spatial orientation: A mini-review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 143, Article 104943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104943","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"2287_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01322.x","volume":"49","author":"AC ter Horst","year":"2012","unstructured":"ter Horst, A. C., Jongsma, M. L., Janssen, L. K., van Lier, R., & Steenbergen, B. (2012). Different mental rotation strategies reflected in the rotation related negativity. Psychophysiology, 49(4), 566\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01322.x","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1649","key":"2287_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2008.0692","volume":"275","author":"M To","year":"2008","unstructured":"To, M., Lovell, P. G., Troscianko, T., & Tolhurst, D. J. (2008). Summation of perceptual cues in natural visual scenes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275(1649), 2299\u20132308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2008.0692","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"2287_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1167\/10.4.12","volume":"10","author":"MP To","year":"2010","unstructured":"To, M. P., Lovell, P. G., Troscianko, T., & Tolhurst, D. J. (2010). Perception of suprathreshold naturalistic changes in colored natural images. Journal of Vision, 10(4), 12\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/10.4.12","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"1","key":"2287_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-013-0486-8","volume":"78","author":"M van Elk","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Elk, M., & Blanke, O. (2014). Imagined own-body transformations during passive self-motion. Psychological Research = Psychologische Forschung, 78(1), 18\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00426-013-0486-8","journal-title":"Psychological Research = Psychologische Forschung"},{"issue":"2","key":"2287_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1978.47.2.599","volume":"47","author":"SG Vandenberg","year":"1978","unstructured":"Vandenberg, S. G., & Kuse, A. R. (1978). Mental rotations, a group test of three-dimensional spatial visualization. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 47(2), 599\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pms.1978.47.2.599","journal-title":"Perceptual and Motor Skills"},{"key":"2287_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2023.01.002","volume":"37","author":"E Waisberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Waisberg, E., Ong, J., Paladugu, P., Kamran, S. A., Zaman, N., Lee, A. G., & Tavakkoli, A. (2023). Dynamic visual acuity as a biometric for astronaut performance and safety. Life Sciences in Space Research, 37, 3\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lssr.2023.01.002","journal-title":"Life Sciences in Space Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2287_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/13875868.2017.1322596","volume":"17","author":"AB Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu, A. B., & Zacks, J. M. (2017). Transformations and representations supporting spatial perspective taking. Spatial Cognition & Computation, 17(4), 304\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13875868.2017.1322596","journal-title":"Spatial Cognition & Computation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2287_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015584100204","volume":"2","author":"JM Zacks","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zacks, J. M., Mires, J., Tversky, B., & Hazeltine, E. (2000). Mental spatial transformations of objects and perspective. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 2(4), 315\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1015584100204","journal-title":"Spatial Cognition and Computation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2287_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0399-z","volume":"28","author":"C Zancada-Menendez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zancada-Menendez, C., Sampedro-Piquero, P., Lopez, L., & McNamara, T. P. (2016). Age and gender differences in spatial perspective taking. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 28(2), 289\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-015-0399-z","journal-title":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"2287_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-021-01272-0","volume":"50","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Liang, Z., Zhang, T., Wang, C., & Wang, T. (2022). Working memory capacity, mental rotation, and visual perspective taking: A study of the developmental cascade hypothesis. Memory & Cognition, 50(7), 1432\u20131442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13421-021-01272-0","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"}],"container-title":["Psychological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00426-026-02287-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00426-026-02287-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00426-026-02287-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T13:20:51Z","timestamp":1778246451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00426-026-02287-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00426-026-02287-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-0727","1430-2772"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-0727","type":"print"},{"value":"1430-2772","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Institutional Ethics Committee for Clinical Research of Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated to Southeast University (Approval No.: 2025ZDSYLL162) approved this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"74"}}