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We describe two cases of clinically aggressive primary glomus tumour of the pituitary gland. The lesions occurred in a 63-year-old male and a 30-year-old female who presented with headache, blurred vision and hypopituitarism. Neuroimaging demonstrated large sellar and suprasellar tumours invading the surrounding structures. Histologically, the lesions were characterised by angiocentric sheets and nests of atypical cells that expressed vimentin, smooth muscle actin and CD34. Perivascular deposition of collagen IV was also a feature. Case 2 expressed synaptophysin. INI-1 (SMARCB1) expression was preserved. Both lesions were mitotically active and demonstrated a Ki-67 labelling index of 30%. Next-generation sequencing performed in case 1 showed no mutations in the reading frame of 37 commonly mutated oncogenes, including <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic>. Four pituitary glomus tumours have previously been reported, none of which showed features of malignant glomus tumour. Similar to our two patients, three previous examples displayed aggressive behaviour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-020-02923-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,12]],"date-time":"2020-09-12T03:47:28Z","timestamp":1599882448000},"page":"977-984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Primary glomus tumour of the pituitary gland: diagnostic challenges of a rare and potentially aggressive neoplasm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"478","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9094-5857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boon Leong","family":"Quah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9123-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmine Antonio","family":"Donofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1941-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"La Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3475-0101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Brouland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0913-8965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Cossu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Djoukhadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Mayers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9627-6914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Shenjere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar N.","family":"Pathmanaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammed O.","family":"Murtaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rao","family":"Gattamaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3650-5572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Roncaroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8778-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantina","family":"Karabatsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2923_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-016-9434-7","volume":"28","author":"MD Hyrcza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hyrcza MD, Winer DA, Shago M, Au K, Zadeh G, Asa SL, Mete O (2017) TFE3-expressing perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) of the sella turcica. 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