{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:04:22Z","timestamp":1790193862464,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Projekt DEAL"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virchows Arch"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus (TNET) are exceedingly rare neoplasms. Their histomorphology is identical to neuroendocrine tumors elsewhere in the body (in particular the lungs) and bears no similarity with thymomas and thymic carcinomas. Recent molecular findings have profoundly changed our perception of these tumors and may impact future histological classification systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03037-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T08:49:07Z","timestamp":1612860547000},"page":"129-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Recent advances and conceptual changes in the classification of neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"478","author":[{"given":"Hanibal","family":"Bohnenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8528-8060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Str\u00f6bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3037_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11276-9","volume":"10","author":"N Alcala","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alcala N, Leblay N, Gabriel AAG, Mangiante L, Hervas D, Giffon T, Sertier AS, Ferrari A, Derks J, Ghantous A, Delhomme TM, Chabrier A, Cuenin C, Abedi-Ardekani B, Boland A, Olaso R, Meyer V, Altmuller J, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Durand G, Voegele C, Boyault S, Moonen L, Lemaitre N, Lorimier P, Toffart AC, Soltermann A, Clement JH, Saenger J, Field JK, Brevet M, Blanc-Fournier C, Galateau-Salle F, Le Stang N, Russell PA, Wright G, Sozzi G, Pastorino U, Lacomme S, Vignaud JM, Hofman V, Hofman P, Brustugun OT, Lund-Iversen M, Thomas de Montpreville V, Muscarella LA, Graziano P, Popper H, Stojsic J, Deleuze JF, Herceg Z, Viari A, Nuernberg P, Pelosi G, Dingemans AMC, Milione M, Roz L, Brcic L, Volante M, Papotti MG, Caux C, Sandoval J, Hernandez-Vargas H, Brambilla E, Speel EJM, Girard N, Lantuejoul S, McKay JD, Foll M, Fernandez-Cuesta L (2019) Integrative and comparative genomic analyses identify clinically relevant pulmonary carcinoid groups and unveil the supra-carcinoids. Nat Commun 10:3407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-11276-9","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3037_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-2012-0269","volume":"11","author":"AL Bondgaard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bondgaard AL, Poulsen TT, Poulsen HS, Skov BG (2012) Different expression of EZH2, BMI1 and Ki67 in low and high grade neuroendocrine tumors of the lung. Cancer Biomark 11:123\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/CBM-2012-0269","journal-title":"Cancer Biomark"},{"key":"3037_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.10.026","volume":"37","author":"G Cardillo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cardillo G, Treggiari S, Paul MA, Carleo F, De Massimi AR, Remotti D, Graziano P, Martelli M (2010) Primary neuroendocrine tumours of the thymus: a clinicopathologic and prognostic study in 19 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 37:814\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.10.026","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"3037_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2004.01796.x","volume":"44","author":"L Chalabreysse","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chalabreysse L, Etienne-Mastroianni B, Adeleine P, Cordier JF, Greenland T, Thivolet-Bejui F (2004) Thymic carcinoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistological study of 19 cases. Histopathology 44:367\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2004.01796.x","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"3037_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1997.2380849.x","volume":"31","author":"R Chetty","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chetty R, Batitang S, Govender D (1997) Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thymus. Histopathology 31:274\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1997.2380849.x","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"3037_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(96)90002-8","volume":"60","author":"T Cowen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cowen T, Thrasivoulou C, Shaw SA, Abdel-Rahman TA (1996) Transplanted sweat glands from mature and aged donors determine cholinergic phenotype and altered density of host sympathetic nerves. J Auton Nerv Syst 60:215\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-1838(96)90002-8","journal-title":"J Auton Nerv Syst"},{"key":"3037_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-4975(01)02713-8","volume":"73","author":"M de Perrot","year":"2002","unstructured":"de Perrot M, Spiliopoulos A, Fischer S, Totsch M, Keshavjee S (2002) Neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) of the thymus associated with Cushing's syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg 73:675\u2013681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0003-4975(01)02713-8","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"3037_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.04.015","volume":"14","author":"H Dinter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dinter H, Bohnenberger H, Beck J, Bornemann-Kolatzki K, Schutz E, Kuffer S, Klein L, Franks TJ, Roden A, Emmert A, Hinterthaner M, Marino M, Brcic L, Popper H, Weis CA, Pelosi G, Marx A, Strobel P (2019) Molecular Classification of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Thymus. J Thorac Oncol 14:1472\u20131483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.04.015","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"3037_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2010.237651","volume":"11","author":"R Dutta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dutta R, Kumar A, Julka PK, Mathur SR, Kaushal S, Kumar R, Jindal T, Suri V (2010) Thymic neuroendocrine tumour (carcinoid): clinicopathological features of four patients with different presentation. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 11:732\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1510\/icvts.2010.237651","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"3037_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000647","volume":"27","author":"P Faviana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Faviana P, Marconcini R, Ricci S, Galli L, Lippolis P, Farci F, Castagna M, Boldrini L (2019) EZH2 expression in intestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 27:689\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000647","journal-title":"Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol"},{"key":"3037_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880423","volume":"14","author":"K Goto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Goto K, Kodama T, Matsuno Y, Yokose T, Asamura H, Kamiya N, Shimosato Y (2001) Clinicopathologic and DNA cytometric analysis of carcinoid tumors of the thymus. Mod Pathol 14:985\u2013994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/modpathol.3880423","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"3037_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1207313","volume":"333","author":"CM Heaphy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heaphy CM, de Wilde RF, Jiao Y, Klein AP, Edil BH, Shi C, Bettegowda C, Rodriguez FJ, Eberhart CG, Hebbar S, Offerhaus GJ, McLendon R, Rasheed BA, He Y, Yan H, Bigner DD, Oba-Shinjo SM, Marie SK, Riggins GJ, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Hruban RH, Maitra A, Papadopoulos N, Meeker AK (2011) Altered telomeres in tumors with ATRX and DAXX mutations. Science 333:425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1207313","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3037_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001256","volume":"48","author":"JF Hechtman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hechtman JF, Klimstra DS, Nanjangud G, Frosina D, Shia J, Jungbluth AA (2019) Performance of DAXX Immunohistochemistry as a Screen for DAXX Mutations in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Pancreas 48:396\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001256","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"3037_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200609","volume":"331","author":"Y Jiao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jiao Y, Shi C, Edil BH, de Wilde RF, Klimstra DS, Maitra A, Schulick RD, Tang LH, Wolfgang CL, Choti MA, Velculescu VE, Diaz LA Jr, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Hruban RH, Papadopoulos N (2011) DAXX\/ATRX, MEN1, and mTOR pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Science 331:1199\u20131203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1200609","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3037_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1147","volume":"23","author":"JY Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim JY, Brosnan-Cashman JA, An S, Kim SJ, Song KB, Kim MS, Kim MJ, Hwang DW, Meeker AK, Yu E, Kim SC, Hruban RH, Heaphy CM, Hong SM (2017) Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in Primary Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Is Associated with Aggressive Clinical Behavior and Poor Survival. Clin Cancer Res 23:1598\u20131606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1147","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3037_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2016.142","volume":"97","author":"M Kiuru","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kiuru M, Busam KJ (2017) The NF1 gene in tumor syndromes and melanoma. Lab Investig 97:146\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/labinvest.2016.142","journal-title":"Lab Investig"},{"key":"3037_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199001000-00003","volume":"14","author":"TT Kuo","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kuo TT, Chang JP, Lin FJ, Wu WC, Chang CH (1990) Thymic carcinomas: histopathological varieties and immunohistochemical study. Am J Surg Pathol 14:24\u201334","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3037_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-010-0954-0","volume":"457","author":"S La Rosa","year":"2010","unstructured":"La Rosa S, Chiaravalli AM, Placidi C, Papanikolaou N, Cerati M, Capella C (2010) TTF1 expression in normal lung neuroendocrine cells and related tumors: immunohistochemical study comparing two different monoclonal antibodies. Virchows Arch 457:497\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00428-010-0954-0","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"3037_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01619.x","volume":"259","author":"LC Lim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lim LC, Tan MH, Eng C, Teh BT, Rajasoorya RC (2006) Thymic carcinoid in multiple endocrine neoplasia 1: genotype-phenotype correlation and prevention. J Intern Med 259:428\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01619.x","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"3037_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-008-0299-7","volume":"56","author":"S Mega","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mega S, Oguri M, Kawasaki R, Hazama K, Iwai K, Kondo S (2008) Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the thymus. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 56:566\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11748-008-0299-7","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"3037_CR21","first-page":"677","volume":"88","author":"GT Millar","year":"1969","unstructured":"Millar GT (1969) Guanethidine drops in thyroid eye disease. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K 88:677\u2013679","journal-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K"},{"key":"3037_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1309\/3PDN-PMT5-EQTM-H0CD","volume":"114","author":"CA Moran","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moran CA, Suster S (2000) Neuroendocrine carcinomas (carcinoid tumor) of the thymus. A clinicopathologic analysis of 80 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 114:100\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1309\/3PDN-PMT5-EQTM-H0CD","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"3037_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1309\/Q01U-60BL-VEV4-TWR1","volume":"113","author":"CA Moran","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moran CA, Suster S (2000) Thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas with combined features ranging from well-differentiated (carcinoid) to small cell carcinoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 11 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 113:345\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1309\/Q01U-60BL-VEV4-TWR1","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"3037_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00022248","volume":"54","author":"Y Nagata","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nagata Y, Ohno K, Utsumi T, Sasaki Y, Suzuki Y (2006) Large cell neuroendocrine thymic carcinoma coexisting within large WHO type AB thymoma. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 54:256\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/pl00022248","journal-title":"Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"3037_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-5-115","volume":"5","author":"F Ogawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ogawa F, Iyoda A, Amano H, Nezu K, Jiang SX, Okayasu I, Satoh Y (2010) Thymic large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: report of a resected case - a case report. J Cardiothorac Surg 5:115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1749-8090-5-115","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"3037_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-018-9530-y","volume":"29","author":"G Papaxoinis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papaxoinis G, Lamarca A, Quinn AM, Mansoor W, Nonaka D (2018) Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics of Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumors in Central and Peripheral Locations. Endocr Pathol 29:259\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12022-018-9530-y","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"3037_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2004.10.027","volume":"223","author":"RJ Rieker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rieker RJ, Aulmann S, Penzel R, Schnabel PA, Blaeker H, Esposito I, Morresi-Hauf A, Otto HF, Hecker E, Dienemann H, Schirmacher P, Mechtersheimer G (2005) Chromosomal imbalances in sporadic neuroendocrine tumours of the thymus. Cancer Lett 223:169\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2004.10.027","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"3037_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1159\/000454761","volume":"95","author":"A Rinke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rinke A, Gress TM (2017) Neuroendocrine Cancer, Therapeutic Strategies in G3 Cancers. Digestion 95:109\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000454761","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"3037_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr415","volume":"22","author":"T Shoji","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shoji T, Fushimi H, Takeda S, Tanio Y (2011) Thymic large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a disease neglected in the ESMO guideline? Ann Oncol 22:2535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdr415","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"3037_CR30","first-page":"285","volume":"5","author":"J Soga","year":"1999","unstructured":"Soga J, Yakuwa Y, Osaka M (1999) Evaluation of 342 cases of mediastinal\/thymic carcinoids collected from literature: a comparative study between typical carcinoids and atypical varieties. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 5:285\u2013292","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"3037_CR31","first-page":"234","volume-title":"WHO classification of Tumours of the lung, pleura, Thymus and Heart","author":"P Strobel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Strobel P, Marx A, Chan JK, Marom EM, Matsuno Y, Nicholson AG, Travis W (2015) Typical and atypical carcinoid. In: Travis W, Brambilla E, Burke AP, Marx A, Nicholson AG (eds) WHO classification of Tumours of the lung, pleura, Thymus and Heart. IARC Press, Lyon, pp 234\u2013238"},{"key":"3037_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.22183","volume":"53","author":"P Strobel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Strobel P, Zettl A, Shilo K, Chuang WY, Nicholson AG, Matsuno Y, Gal A, Laeng RH, Engel P, Capella C, Marino M, Chan JK, Rosenwald A, Travis W, Franks TJ, Ellenberger D, Schaefer IM, Marx A (2014) Tumor genetics and survival of thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a multi-institutional clinicopathologic study. Genes Chromosom Cancer 53:738\u2013749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gcc.22183","journal-title":"Genes Chromosom Cancer"},{"key":"3037_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2002.31299","volume":"33","author":"N Sturm","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sturm N, Rossi G, Lantuejoul S, Papotti M, Frachon S, Claraz C, Brichon PY, Brambilla C, Brambilla E (2002) Expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 in the spectrum of neuroendocrine cell lung proliferations with special interest in carcinoids. Hum Pathol 33:175\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/hupa.2002.31299","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"3037_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1309\/L38W-8P9X-X142-3N78","volume":"115 Suppl","author":"S Suster","year":"2001","unstructured":"Suster S, Moran CA (2001) Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the mediastinum. Am J Clin Pathol 115 Suppl:S17\u2013S27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1309\/L38W-8P9X-X142-3N78","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"3037_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199807000-00015","volume":"228","author":"BT Teh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Teh BT, Zedenius J, Kytola S, Skogseid B, Trotter J, Choplin H, Twigg S, Farnebo F, Giraud S, Cameron D, Robinson B, Calender A, Larsson C, Salmela P (1998) Thymic carcinoids in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Ann Surg 228:99\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000658-199807000-00015","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"3037_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.1.141","volume":"124","author":"O Tiffet","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tiffet O, Nicholson AG, Ladas G, Sheppard MN, Goldstraw P (2003) A clinicopathologic study of 12 neuroendocrine tumors arising in the thymus. Chest 124:141\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.124.1.141","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"3037_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-018-9522-y","volume":"29","author":"S Uccella","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uccella S, La Rosa S, Volante M, Papotti M (2018) Immunohistochemical biomarkers of gastrointestinal, pancreatic, pulmonary, and thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Endocr Pathol 29:150\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12022-018-9522-y","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"3037_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.12868","volume":"9","author":"J Wen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wen J, Chen J, Chen D, Liu D, Xu X, Huang L, Cao J, Zhang J, Gu Y, Fan M, Chen Y (2018) Evaluation of the prognostic value of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for patients with thymic neuroendocrine tumors: A propensity-matched study based on the SEER database. Thorac Cancer 9:1603\u20131613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1759-7714.12868","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"3037_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198210000-00003","volume":"6","author":"MR Wick","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wick MR, Scheithauer BW, Weiland LH, Bernatz PE (1982) Primary thymic carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol 6:613\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000478-198210000-00003","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3037_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.101477.109","volume":"20","author":"LH Wong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wong LH, McGhie JD, Sim M, Anderson MA, Ahn S, Hannan RD, George AJ, Morgan KA, Mann JR, Choo KH (2010) ATRX interacts with H3.3 in maintaining telomere structural integrity in pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Genome Res 20:351\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gr.101477.109","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"3037_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182417d36","volume":"36","author":"S Yachida","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yachida S, Vakiani E, White CM, Zhong Y, Saunders T, Morgan R, de Wilde RF, Maitra A, Hicks J, Demarzo AM, Shi C, Sharma R, Laheru D, Edil BH, Wolfgang CL, Schulick RD, Hruban RH, Tang LH, Klimstra DS, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA (2012) Small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas are genetically similar and distinct from well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 36:173\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182417d36","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3037_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01884576","volume":"24","author":"T Yoshikawa","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yoshikawa T, Noguchi Y, Matsukawa H, Kondo J, Matsumoto A, Nakatani Y, Kitamura H, Ito T (1994) Thymus carcinoid producing parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein: report of a case. Surg Today 24:544\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01884576","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"3037_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zaleski M, Kalhor N, Moran CA (2020) Typical and atypical carcinoid tumors of the mediastinum: a biomarker analysis of 27 cases with clinical correlation. Int J Surg Pathol:1066896920976845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1066896920976845","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896920976845"}],"container-title":["Virchows Archiv"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00428-021-03037-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00428-021-03037-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00428-021-03037-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T05:07:25Z","timestamp":1623647245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00428-021-03037-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00428-021-03037-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0945-6317","1432-2307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0945-6317","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This review does not contain primary data and complies with Ethical Standards and the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}