{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:36:58Z","timestamp":1790509018719,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virchows Arch"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract\n<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) and central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) are both benign tumours of bone with overlapping morphology and similar mutations in the RAS\/MAPK pathway. However, NOF is located in the long bones with regression after puberty in contrast to CGCG which is located in the jaw bones and does not regress spontaneously. We hypothesised that endocrine regulation by oestrogen plays a role in the spontaneous regression in NOF. Therefore, we examined the expression of ER\u03b1 in a series of NOF and CGCG. ER\u03b1 expression (EP1) was determined using immunohistochemistry on 16 NOFs (whole slides), and 47 CGCGs (tissue microarrays (TMA\u2019s <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200941 and whole slide <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096)). As comparison, we included TMAs of other giant cell containing bone lesions: giant cell tumour of bone (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200975), chondroblastoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912), chondromyxoid fibroma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912), aneurysmal bone cyst (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) and telangiectatic osteosarcoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096). All 16 NOF samples demonstrated ER\u03b1 protein expression, while all 47 CGCG and all other giant cell containing bone tumours were negative. Most NOF samples had moderate staining intensity and between 24 and 49% of the spindle cells were ER\u03b1-positive. Our findings further support the role of endocrine regulation via oestrogen in the spontaneous regression in NOF. Whether oestrogen signalling at puberty is involved in the induction of senescence in the neoplastic cells of NOF harbouring RAS\/MAPK pathway mutations needs further research. Since ER\u03b1 expression was not observed in other giant cell containing bone lesions with overlapping morphological features, positive ER\u03b1 expression may favour the diagnosis of NOF in challenging diagnostic cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-022-03341-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T13:08:20Z","timestamp":1653484100000},"page":"671-675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Oestrogen receptor expression distinguishes non-ossifying fibroma from other giant cell containing bone tumours"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"481","author":[{"given":"Arjen H. 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