{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:14:29Z","timestamp":1791486869854,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5\u2030 n.21198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\u2030 n.21198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006694","name":"Associazione Italiana Contro le Leucemie - Linfomi e Mieloma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virchows Arch"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Session 3 of the 2021 European Association for Haematopathology\/Society for Hematopathology Workshop focused on mediastinal large B cell lymphomas and surrounding gray areas. One half of the session was dedicated to primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma (PMBL) and included cases with classic clinicopathologic features, as well as cases with either morphologic or immunophenotypic variation, and PMBL-like cases with primary extramediastinal disease. The role of additional immunophenotyping and\/or molecular testing to aid in the diagnosis of PMBL was discussed. The second half of the session focused on mediastinal and non-mediastinal gray zone lymphomas (GZL) with features intermediate between diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Several cases illustrating the current challenges in separating this entity from PMBL\/DLBCL and CHL were presented. There was discussion regarding the clinical and genetic differences between mediastinal and non-mediastinal GZLs. Rare cases of PMBL and GZL associated with EBV or follicular lymphoma were reviewed. Finally, several cases included in the session highlighted composite or sequential CHL and PMBL\/DLBCL and\/or GZL, highlighting challenges in separating such cases from GZL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-023-03550-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T01:01:46Z","timestamp":1690938106000},"page":"733-749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Mediastinal large B cell lymphoma and surrounding gray areas: a report of the lymphoma workshop of the 20th meeting of the European Association for Haematopathology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"483","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2427-6442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Dojcinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2036-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snjezana","family":"Dotlic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3424-1091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvia","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Hsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3391-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Klimkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8032-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Melle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano A.","family":"Pileri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4991-7712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen A.","family":"Ramsower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6770-2339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Rech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1268-2750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Rimsza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2191-1327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Socorro Maria","family":"Rodriguez-Pinilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0397-1086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Tousseyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9725-4060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daphne","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4136-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Sabattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"3550_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001198","volume":"43","author":"C Sarkozy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarkozy C, Copie-Bergman C, Damotte D et al (2019) Gray-zone lymphoma between cHL and large B-cell lymphoma: a histopathologic series from the LYSA. Am J Surg Pathol 43:341\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001198","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3550_CR2","volume-title":"WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues","author":"SH Swerdlow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL et al (2017) WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon"},{"key":"3550_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017009472","volume":"1","author":"M Pilichowska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pilichowska M, Pittaluga S, Ferry JA et al (2017) Clinicopathologic consensus study of gray zone lymphoma with features intermediate between DLBCL and classical HL. Blood Adv 1:2600\u20132609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017009472","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"3550_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2017.07.007","volume":"19","author":"V Bobee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bobee V, Ruminy P, Marchand V et al (2017) Determination of molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using a reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification classifier: a CALYM study. J Mol Diagn 19:892\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2017.07.007","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"key":"3550_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.129","volume":"25","author":"DM Dorfman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dorfman DM, Shahsafaei A, Alonso MA (2012) Utility of CD200 immunostaining in the diagnosis of primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma: comparison with MAL, CD23, and other markers. Mod Pathol 25:1637\u20131643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/modpathol.2012.129","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"3550_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000771","volume":"41","author":"M Gentry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gentry M, Bodo J, Durkin L, Hsi ED (2017) Performance of a commercially available MAL antibody in the diagnosis of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 41:189\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000771","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3550_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3268","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-05-282780","volume":"116","author":"MR Green","year":"2010","unstructured":"Green MR, Monti S, Rodig SJ et al (2010) Integrative analysis reveals selective 9p24.1 amplification, increased PD-1 ligand expression, and further induction via JAK2 in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 116:3268\u20133277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2010-05-282780","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-05-851154","volume":"132","author":"A Mottok","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mottok A, Wright G, Rosenwald A et al (2018) Molecular classification of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma using routinely available tissue specimens. Blood 132:2401\u20132405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2018-05-851154","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000297","volume":"38","author":"M Shi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shi M, Roemer MG, Chapuy B et al (2014) Expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) is a distinguishing feature of primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and associated with PDCD1LG2 copy gain. Am J Surg Pathol 38:1715\u20131723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000297","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3550_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2014.985673","volume":"56","author":"DD Twa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Twa DD, Steidl C (2015) Structural genomic alterations in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 56:2239\u20132250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10428194.2014.985673","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"3550_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001154","volume":"43","author":"BJ Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen BJ, Ruminy P, Roth CG et al (2019) Cyclin D1-positive mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma with copy number gains of CCND1 gene: a study of 3 cases with nonmediastinal disease. Am J Surg Pathol 43:110\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001154","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3550_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007683","volume":"138","author":"G Duns","year":"2021","unstructured":"Duns G, Vigano E, Ennishi D et al (2021) Characterization of DLBCL with a PMBL gene expression signature. Blood 138:136\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2020007683","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019002699","volume":"135","author":"JE Ramis-Zaldivar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramis-Zaldivar JE, Gonzalez-Farre B, Balague O et al (2020) Distinct molecular profile of IRF4-rearranged large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 135:274\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019002699","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-019-0233-5","volume":"9","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wenzl K, Manske MK et al (2019) Amplification of 9p24.1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identifies a unique subset of cases that resemble primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 9:73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41408-019-0233-5","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"3550_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000473","volume":"39","author":"J Yuan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yuan J, Wright G, Rosenwald A et al (2015) Identification of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma at nonmediastinal sites by gene expression profiling. Am J Surg Pathol 39:1322\u20131330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000473","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3550_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01620-2","volume":"36","author":"R Alaggio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alaggio R, Amador C, Anagnostopoulos I et al (2022) The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms. Leukemia 36:1720\u20131748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-022-01620-2","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"3550_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015851","volume":"140","author":"E Campo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Campo E, Jaffe ES, Cook JR et al (2022) The International Consensus Classification of Mature Lymphiod Neoplasms: a report from the Clinical Advisory Committee. Blood 140:1229\u20131253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2022015851","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00705408","volume":"409","author":"P Moller","year":"1986","unstructured":"Moller P, Lammler B, Eberlein-Gonska M et al (1986) Primary mediastinal clear cell lymphoma of B-cell type. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 409:79\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00705408","journal-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol"},{"key":"3550_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.5.1361.1361","volume":"84","author":"NL Harris","year":"1994","unstructured":"Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H et al (1994) A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 84:1361\u20131392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.V84.5.1361.1361","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019002067","volume":"134","author":"B Chapuy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chapuy B, Stewart C, Dunford AJ et al (2019) Genomic analyses of PMBL reveal new drivers and mechanisms of sensitivity to PD-1 blockade. Blood 134:2369\u20132382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019002067","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019001126","volume":"134","author":"A Mottok","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mottok A, Hung SS, Chavez EA et al (2019) Integrative genomic analysis identifies key pathogenic mechanisms in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 134:802\u2013813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019001126","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP3Q1DHWKCQRWY","volume":"144","author":"OK Weinberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weinberg OK, Rodig SJ, Pozdnyakova O et al (2015) Surface light chain expression in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphomas by multiparameter flow cytometry. Am J Clin Pathol 144:635\u2013641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1309\/AJCP3Q1DHWKCQRWY","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"3550_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E436","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24485","volume":"91","author":"JR Bledsoe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bledsoe JR, Redd RA, Hasserjian RP et al (2016) The immunophenotypic spectrum of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma reveals prognostic biomarkers associated with outcome. Am J Hematol 91:E436\u2013E441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.24485","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"3550_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3871","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-06-1841","volume":"102","author":"KJ Savage","year":"2003","unstructured":"Savage KJ, Monti S, Kutok JL et al (2003) The molecular signature of mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma differs from that of other diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and shares features with classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 102:3871\u20133879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2003-06-1841","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-704528","volume":"128","author":"L Mansouri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mansouri L, Noerenberg D, Young E et al (2016) Frequent NFKBIE deletions are associated with poor outcome in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. Blood 128:2666\u20132670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2016-03-704528","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21544","volume":"94","author":"S Cherian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cherian S, Fromm JR (2018) Evaluation of primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma by flow cytometry. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 94:459\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cyto.b.21544","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom"},{"key":"3550_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2020.12.015","volume":"21","author":"A Fairchild","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fairchild A, McCall CM, Oyekunle T et al (2021) Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-Cell lymphoma: fidelity of diagnosis using WHO criteria. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 21:e464\u2013e469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clml.2020.12.015","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"3550_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801445","volume":"378","author":"R Schmitz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schmitz R, Wright GW, Huang DW et al (2018) Genetics and pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med 378:1396\u20131407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1801445","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3550_CR29","volume-title":"WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues","author":"SH Swerdlow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL et al (2008) WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon"},{"key":"3550_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2020.1696186","volume":"13","author":"C Egan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Egan C, Pittaluga S (2020) Into the gray-zone: update on the diagnosis and classification of a rare lymphoma. Expert Rev Hematol 13:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17474086.2020.1696186","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol"},{"key":"3550_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2011.200","volume":"25","author":"G Gualco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gualco G, Natkunam Y, Bacchi CE (2012) The spectrum of B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a description of 10 cases. Mod Pathol 25:661\u2013674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/modpathol.2011.200","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"3550_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000180856.74572.73","volume":"29","author":"A Traverse-Glehen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Traverse-Glehen A, Pittaluga S, Gaulard P et al (2005) Mediastinal gray zone lymphoma: the missing link between classic Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma and mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 29:1411\u20131421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.pas.0000180856.74572.73","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3550_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-03-564906","volume":"124","author":"WH Wilson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wilson WH, Pittaluga S, Nicolae A et al (2014) A prospective study of mediastinal gray-zone lymphoma. Blood 124:1563\u20131569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2014-03-564906","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001923","volume":"4","author":"C Sarkozy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarkozy C, Chong L, Takata K et al (2020) Gene expression profiling of gray zone lymphoma. Blood Adv 4:2523\u20132535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001923","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"3550_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007507","volume":"137","author":"C Sarkozy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarkozy C, Hung SS, Chavez EA et al (2021) Mutational landscape of gray zone lymphoma. Blood 137:1765\u20131776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2020007507","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-575092","volume":"125","author":"K Dunleavy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dunleavy K, Wilson WH (2015) Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and mediastinal gray zone lymphoma: do they require a unique therapeutic approach? Blood 125:33\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2014-05-575092","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-20-0009","volume":"1","author":"S Pittaluga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pittaluga S, Nicolae A, Wright GW et al (2020) Gene expression profiling of mediastinal gray zone lymphoma and its relationship to primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood Cancer Discov 1:155\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-20-0009","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discov"},{"key":"3550_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2011.116","volume":"24","author":"FC Eberle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eberle FC, Salaverria I, Steidl C et al (2011) Gray zone lymphoma: chromosomal aberrations with immunophenotypic and clinical correlations. Mod Pathol 24:1586\u20131597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/modpathol.2011.116","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"3550_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19891015)64:8<1686::aid-cncr2820640822>3.0.co;2-i","volume":"64","author":"KA MacLennan","year":"1989","unstructured":"MacLennan KA, Bennett MH, Tu A et al (1989) Relationship of histopathologic features to survival and relapse in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin\u2019s disease. A study of 1659 patients. Cancer 64:1686\u20131693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0142(19891015)64:8%3c1686::aid-cncr2820640822%3e3.0.co;2-i","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"3550_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900301)65:5<1167::aid-cncr2820650523>3.0.co;2-v","volume":"65","author":"D Ben-Yehuda-Salz","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ben-Yehuda-Salz D, Ben-Yehuda A, Polliack A, Ron N, Okon E (1990) Syncytial variant of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin\u2019s disease. A new clinicopathologic entity. Cancer 65:1167\u20131172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0142(19900301)65:5%3c1167::aid-cncr2820650523%3e3.0.co;2-v","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"3550_CR41","volume-title":"The reticuloendothelial system","author":"JW Rebuck","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rebuck JW, Berard CW, Abell MR (1975) The reticuloendothelial system. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore"},{"key":"3550_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198607000-00004","volume":"10","author":"JG Strickler","year":"1986","unstructured":"Strickler JG, Michie SA, Warnke RA, Dorfman RF (1986) The \u201csyncytial variant\u201d of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin\u2019s disease. Am J Surg Pathol 10:470\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000478-198607000-00004","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3550_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2021.05.008","volume":"117","author":"W Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang W, Zhang Q, Medeiros LJ (2021) Syncytial variant of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma: an under-emphasized variant. Hum Pathol 117:115\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2021.05.008","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"3550_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13100","volume":"70","author":"AA Elsayed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elsayed AA, Satou A, Eladl AE et al (2017) Grey zone lymphoma with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of 14 Epstein-Barr virus-positive cases. Histopathology 70:579\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.13100","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"3550_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-02-630632","volume":"126","author":"A Nicolae","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nicolae A, Pittaluga S, Abdullah S et al (2015) EBV-positive large B-cell lymphomas in young patients: a nodal lymphoma with evidence for a tolerogenic immune environment. Blood 126:863\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2015-02-630632","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5433","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-11-124792","volume":"111","author":"AL Feldman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Feldman AL, Arber DA, Pittaluga S et al (2008) Clonally related follicular lymphomas and histiocytic\/dendritic cell sarcomas: evidence for transdifferentiation of the follicular lymphoma clone. Blood 111:5433\u20135439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2007-11-124792","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3550_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2020.06.001","volume":"102","author":"AM Maeshima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maeshima AM, Taniguchi H, Ida H et al (2020) Non-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma transformation from follicular lymphoma: a single-institution study of 19 cases. Hum Pathol 102:33\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2020.06.001","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"}],"container-title":["Virchows Archiv"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00428-023-03550-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00428-023-03550-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00428-023-03550-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T06:04:20Z","timestamp":1701842660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00428-023-03550-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00428-023-03550-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0945-6317","1432-2307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0945-6317","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"LMR is a named inventor on a patent filed by the National Cancer Institute (\u201cMethods for determining lymphoma type\u201d).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted with the approval of the Institutional Review\/Ethics Boards of Mayo Clinic, IEO, and by the Medical Ethical Committee of AmsterdamUMC\/VUMC (registration 2020.343).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance to ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}