{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:31:20Z","timestamp":1787243480640,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008252","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Udine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virchows Arch"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The classification of the epithelial tumors of the male and female urethra includes benign and malignant neoplasms. Primary urethral carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the accessory glands are the most relevant tumors, both from the morphologic and clinical point of view. An accurate diagnosis, grading and staging are essential for determining adequate treatment strategies and outcome. Information on anatomy and histology of the urethra is of fundamental importance in understanding the morphology of the tumors, including the clinical importance of their location and origin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-023-03565-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T10:02:18Z","timestamp":1685095338000},"page":"751-764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Morphologic spectrum of the epithelial tumors of the male and female urethra"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"483","author":[{"given":"Alessia","family":"Cimadamore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Lopez-Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3938-610X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Montironi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3565_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1057","volume":"68","author":"MA Swartz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Swartz MA, Porter MP, Lin DW, Weiss NS (2006) Incidence of primary urethral carcinoma in the United States. Urology 68(6):1164\u20131168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1057","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3565_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-021-01416-2","volume":"32","author":"M Wenzel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wenzel M, Nocera L, Coll\u00e0 Ruvolo C et al (2021) Incidence rates and contemporary trends in primary urethral cancer. Cancer Causes Control 32:627\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-021-01416-2","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"11","key":"3565_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25787","volume":"117","author":"F Rabbani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rabbani F (2011) Prognostic factors in male urethral cancer. Cancer 117(11):2426\u20132434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.25787","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"3565_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.4103\/UA.UA_136_17","volume":"10","author":"I Aleksic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aleksic I, Rais-Bahrami S, Daugherty M, Agarwal PK, Vourganti S, Bratslavsky G (2018) Primary urethral carcinoma: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results data analysis identifying predictors of cancer-specific survival. Urol Ann 10(2):170\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/UA.UA_136_17","journal-title":"Urol Ann"},{"key":"3565_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2147\/RRU.S264720","volume":"13","author":"MR Farrell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farrell MR, Xu JT, Vanni AJ (2021) Current perspectives on the diagnosis and management of primary urethral cancer: a systematic review. Res Rep Urol 13:325\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/RRU.S264720","journal-title":"Res Rep Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3565_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1998.0491g.x","volume":"33","author":"D Damotte","year":"1998","unstructured":"Damotte D, Chretien Y, Dufour B, Brousse N (1998) Paget\u2019s disease of the prostatic urethra revealing a bladder carcinoma. Histopathology 33(5):492\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1998.0491g.x","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3565_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896911414272","volume":"20","author":"YL Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen YL, Chian JH, Hsiao PJ (2012) Mucin-producing urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate as a mimicker of colonic adenocarcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Pathol 20(2):191\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1066896911414272","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"18","key":"3565_CR8","first-page":"5018","volume":"52","author":"JS Wiener","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wiener JS, Liu ET, Walther PJ (1992) Oncogenic human papillomavirus type 16 is associated with squamous cell cancer of the male urethra. Cancer Res 52(18):5018\u20135023","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3565_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)34870-x","volume":"151","author":"JS Wiener","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wiener JS, Walther PJ (1994) A high association of oncogenic human papillomaviruses with carcinomas of the female urethra: polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of multiple histological types. J Urol 151(1):49\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)34870-x","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3565_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12060880","volume":"12","author":"N Ortiz-Br\u00fcchle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ortiz-Br\u00fcchle N, Wucherpfennig S, Rose M et al (2021) Molecular characterization of Muellerian tumors of the urinary tract. Genes (Basel) 12(6):880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes12060880","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"3565_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e248507","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-248507","volume":"15","author":"R Banthia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Banthia R, Singh UP, Danish N, Lal H (2022) Primary mucinous cell adenocarcinoma of female urethra. BMJ Case Rep 15(10):e248507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-248507","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"3565_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.9738\/INTSURG-D-13-00073.1","volume":"99","author":"D Dimitroulis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dimitroulis D, Patsouras D, Katsargyris A, Charalampoudis P, Anastasiou I, Kouraklis G (2014) Primary enteric-type mucinous adenocarcinoma of the urethra in a patient with ulcerative colitis. Int Surg 99(5):669\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9738\/INTSURG-D-13-00073.1","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"3565_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2042.2001.00361.x","volume":"8","author":"K Suzuki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Suzuki K, Morita T, Tokue A (2001) Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of female urethra. Int J Urol 8(9):509\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1442-2042.2001.00361.x","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"3565_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.229","volume":"26","author":"Q Rao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rao Q, Williamson S, Lopez-Beltran A et al (2013) Distinguishing primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder from secondary involvement by colorectal adenocarcinoma: extended immunohistochemical profiles emphasizing novel markers. Mod Pathol 26:725\u2013732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/modpathol.2012.229","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3565_CR15","first-page":"1665","volume":"6","author":"CS Hale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hale CS, Huang H, Melamed J, Xu R, Roberts L, Wieczorek R, Pei Z, Lee P (2013) Urethral adenocarcinoma associated with intestinal-type metaplasia, case report and literature review. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 6(8):1665\u20131670","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"issue":"\\","key":"3565_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.23736\/S0393-2249.18.03145-4","volume":"71","author":"A Cimadamore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cimadamore A, Scarpelli M, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R (2019) Extramammary Paget disease of the penis closely mimicking the penile analogue of stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesion. Minerva Urol Nefrol 71(\\):189-190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0393-2249.18.03145-4.","journal-title":"Minerva Urol Nefrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3565_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2009.10.011","volume":"41","author":"M Herawi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Herawi M, Drew PA, Pan CC, Epstein JI (2010) Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder and urethra: cases diffusely mimicking nephrogenic adenoma. Hum Pathol 41(4):594\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2009.10.011","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3565_CR18","first-page":"513","volume":"9","author":"E Oliva","year":"1996","unstructured":"Oliva E, Young RH (1996) Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra: a clinicopathologic analysis of 19 cases. Mod Pathol 9(5):513\u2013520","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3565_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2005.09.013","volume":"37","author":"A Hartmann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hartmann A, Junker K, Dietmaier W et al (2006) Molecular evidence for progression of nephrogenic metaplasia of the urinary bladder to clear cell adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 37(1):117\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2005.09.013","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3565_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00499.x","volume":"28","author":"B Chughtai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chughtai B, Sawas A, O'Malley RL, Naik RR, Ali Khan S, Pentyala S (2005) A neglected gland: a review of Cowper\u2019s gland. Int J Androl 28(2):74\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00499.x","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"3565_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.07.027","volume":"58","author":"M Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang M, Pettaway C, Vikram R, Tamboli P (2016) Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the urethra\/Cowper\u2019s gland with concurrent high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma: a detailed clinicopathologic case report and review of the literature. Hum Pathol 58:138\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.07.027","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3565_CR22","first-page":"267","volume":"37","author":"MR Raspollini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raspollini MR, Carini M, Montironi R, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A (2015) Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the male urethra: a report of two cases. Anal Quant Cytopathol Histpathol 37(4):267\u2013272","journal-title":"Anal Quant Cytopathol Histpathol"},{"key":"3565_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2022.02.004","volume":"165","author":"EA Slopnick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Slopnick EA, Bagby C, Mahran A, Nagel C, Garcia J, El-Nashar S, Hijaz AK (2022) Skene's gland malignancy: a case report and systematic review. Urology 165:36\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2022.02.004","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3565_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40618-3","volume-title":"eds. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual","author":"MB Amin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL et al (2017) eds. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 8th edn. Springer, New York, NY","edition":"8"},{"issue":"4","key":"3565_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2016.06.010","volume":"43","author":"SL Traboulsi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Traboulsi SL, Witjes JA, Kassouf W (2016) Contemporary management of primary distal urethral cancer. Urol Clin North Am 43(4):493\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ucl.2016.06.010","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"3565_CR26","unstructured":"Paner GP, McKenney JK, Zhou M et al (2019) Protocol for the examination of resection specimens from patients with carcinoma of the urethra and periurethral glands. Version: Urethra Resection 4.0.2.0 Protocol Posting Date: August 2019. https:\/\/documents.cap.org\/protocols\/cp-urinary-urethra-resection-19-4020.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"3565_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.03.044","volume":"64","author":"G Gakis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gakis G, Witjes JA, Comp\u00e9rat E, Cowan NC, De Santis M, Lebret T, Ribal MJ, Sherif AM, European Association of Urology (2013) EAU guidelines on primary urethral carcinoma. Eur Urol 64(5):823\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.03.044","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"3565_CR28","volume-title":"Carcinoma of the urethra, histopathology reporting guide, urethrectomy specimen, 1st edition","author":"D Grignon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grignon D, Brimo F, Comperat E, Delahunt B, Koch M, Lopez-Beltran A, Reuter V, Samaratunga H, Shanks J, Tsuzuki T, van der Kwast T, Varma M, Srigley JR (2018) Carcinoma of the urethra, histopathology reporting guide, urethrectomy specimen, 1st edition. International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting, Sydney, Australia ISBN:978-1-925687-15-6"}],"container-title":["Virchows Archiv"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00428-023-03565-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00428-023-03565-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00428-023-03565-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T06:04:01Z","timestamp":1701842641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00428-023-03565-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00428-023-03565-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0945-6317","1432-2307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0945-6317","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author has complied with all ethical standards as outlined on the Virchows Archiv website. Research involving human participants and\/or animals is not reported. There was no need for an informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}