{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T04:43:52Z","timestamp":1785300232627,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008769","name":"Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virchows Arch"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The challenging boundaries between neoplastic and reactive lymphoproliferations were discussed during the 2024 European Association for Haematopathology\/Society for Hematopathology workshop in Dubrovnik, Croatia. Session 3 focussed on the atypical lymphoid proliferations associated with therapeutic interventions. Forty-four cases were submitted representing a broad spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) encountered in the settings of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies, various interventions for solid tumor treatment, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), CAR T-cell therapy for B-cell lymphomas, Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKI) for SLL\/CLL treatment, ABL-kinase inhibitor dasatinib, and COVID-19 vaccination. The cases of this session highlighted the importance of having sufficient clinical information including drug history and distribution of disease in order to achieve reliable diagnosis. Among LPDs associated with immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies, the most challenging were T- and NK-derived infiltrates as they ranged from non-clonal to clonal. DRESS-associated lymphadenopathy exhibited variable histologic patterns with the most difficult differential diagnosis being with a T-cell lymphoma. LPDs observed after CAR T-cell therapy for B-cell neoplasms exhibited unexpected phenotypes resulting either from lineage switching\/transdifferentiation, or from harvested T-cells already harbouring cancer-associated variants. Temporary interruption of BTKI treatment for CLL\/SLL due to surgical procedures led to a \u201cPseudo-Richter transformation\u201d that disappeared after reintroduction of therapy. Dasatinib led to a lymphadenopathy with a peculiar florid follicular hyperplasia that regressed after discontinuation of therapy. The findings of the few thoroughly studied COVID-19 vaccination associated lymphadenopathy cases reflected a disordered immune response. This report describes the most important features for diagnosis of these challenging cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-025-04197-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T04:01:24Z","timestamp":1755057684000},"page":"287-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Atypical lymphoid proliferations associated with therapeutic intervention: a report of the 2024 EA4HP\/SH lymphoma workshop"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"487","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5043-6043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Anagnostopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4246-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Lakic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5099-3675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Balague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8871-6254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel","family":"Van den Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5250-3159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Dirnhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8332-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gorana","family":"Gasljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5375-7512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0055-325X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurilio","family":"Ponzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7156-5365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia","family":"Quintanilla-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1214-1340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgitta","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0456-8085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James R.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4197_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00986-z","volume":"13","author":"J Lian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lian J, Yue Y, Yu W, Zhang Y (2020) Immunosenescence: a key player in cancer development. J Hematol Oncol 13:151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-020-00986-z","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"4197_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Natkunam Y, Goodlad JR, Chadburn A, de Jong D, Gratzinger D, Chan JK, Said J, Jaffe ES (2017) EBV-positive B-cell proliferations of varied malignant potential: 2015 SH\/EAHP workshop report-part 1. Am J Clin Pathol 147:129\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqw214","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqw214"},{"key":"4197_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000954","volume":"42","author":"S Pina-Oviedo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pina-Oviedo S, Miranda RN, Medeiros LJ (2018) Cancer therapy-associated lymphoproliferative disorders: an under-recognized type of immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorder. Am J Surg Pathol 42:116\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000954","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"4197_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-1069","volume":"16","author":"B Krishnan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Krishnan B, Morgan GJ (2007) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma secondary to cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:377\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-1069","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"4197_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anand K, Ensor J, Pingali SR, Hwu P, Duvic M, Chiang S, Miranda R, Zu Y, Iyer S (2020) T-cell lymphoma secondary to checkpoint inhibitor therapy J Immunother Cancer 8 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2019-000104","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2019-000104"},{"key":"4197_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2020.09.020","volume":"6","author":"TC Duke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duke TC, Nair R, Torres-Cabala C, Amaria RN, Keiser E, Miranda R, Iyer SP, Heberton M (2020) Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. JAAD Case Rep 6:1264\u20131267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdcr.2020.09.020","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"4197_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.3743-24","author":"T Matsumura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Matsumura T, Tsuchihashi K, Yamamoto T, Jinnouchi F, Kusano W, Kusumoto Y, Arimizu K, Ohmura H, Kuma Y, Moriyama S, Yamaguchi K, Ito M, Isobe T, Ariyama H, Oda Y, Akashi K, Baba E (2024) Lymphoproliferative disorder in an esophageal cancer patient treated with pembrolizumab. Intern Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.3743-24","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"4197_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rejeski K, Perez A, Iacoboni G, Blumenberg V, Bucklein VL, Volkl S, Penack O, Albanyan O, Stock S, Muller F, Karschnia P, Petrera A, Reid K, Faramand R, Davila ML, Modi K, Dean EA, Bachmeier C, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Locke FL, Bethge W, Bullinger L, Mackensen A, Barba P, Jain MD, Subklewe M (2023) Severe hematotoxicity after CD19 CAR-T therapy is associated with suppressive immune dysregulation and limited CAR-T expansion Sci Adv 9:eadg3919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adg3919","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg3919"},{"key":"4197_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2024.45.240063","volume":"45","author":"KE Herman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Herman KE, Tuttle KL (2024) Overview of secondary immunodeficiency. Allergy Asthma Proc 45:347\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2500\/aap.2024.45.240063","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"4197_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.01.012","volume":"151","author":"R Labrosse","year":"2023","unstructured":"Labrosse R, Haddad E (2023) Immunodeficiency secondary to biologics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 151:686\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.01.012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"4197_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3960\/jslrt.19007","volume":"59","author":"M Tokuhira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tokuhira M, Tamaru JI, Kizaki M (2019) Clinical management for other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. J Clin Exp Hematop 59:72\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3960\/jslrt.19007","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hematop"},{"key":"4197_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2021.100807","volume":"49","author":"A Ohmoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ohmoto A, Fuji S (2021) Clinical features and treatment strategies for post-transplant and iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood Rev 49:100807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.blre.2021.100807","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"4197_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3960\/jslrt.19013","volume":"59","author":"A Satou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Satou A, Tsuzuki T, Nakamura S (2019) Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders with a T- or NK-cell phenotype. J Clin Exp Hematop 59:56\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3960\/jslrt.19013","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hematop"},{"key":"4197_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3960\/jslrt.19014","volume":"59","author":"S Momose","year":"2019","unstructured":"Momose S, Tamaru JI (2019) Iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders of B-cell type that develop in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs other than in the post-transplant setting. J Clin Exp Hematop 59:48\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3960\/jslrt.19014","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hematop"},{"key":"4197_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3719","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15894","volume":"114","author":"K Tanaka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tanaka K, Ichikawa A, Umezawa N, Yamamoto K, Yoshifuji K, Okada K, Nogami A, Umezawa Y, Nagao T, Sakashita C, Mori T, Tohda S, Koike R, Yasuda S, Yamamoto M (2023) Lymphoproliferative disorder risk after methotrexate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Cancer Sci 114:3719\u20133727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cas.15894","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"4197_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001271","volume":"43","author":"D Kurita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kurita D, Miyoshi H, Ichikawa A, Kato K, Imaizumi Y, Seki R, Sato K, Sasaki Y, Kawamoto K, Shimono J, Yamada K, Muto R, Kizaki M, Nagafuji K, Tamaru JI, Tokuhira M, Ohshima K (2019) Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors. Am J Surg Pathol 43:869\u2013884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001271","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"4197_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33849","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5292","volume":"6","author":"GM Crane","year":"2015","unstructured":"Crane GM, Powell H, Kostadinov R, Rocafort PT, Rifkin DE, Burger PC, Ambinder RF, Swinnen LJ, Borowitz MJ, Duffield AS (2015) Primary CNS lymphoproliferative disease, mycophenolate and calcineurin inhibitor usage. Oncotarget 6:33849\u201333866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.5292","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"4197_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Jong D, Roemer MG, Chan JK, Goodlad J, Gratzinger D, Chadburn A, Jaffe ES, Said J, Natkunam Y (2017) B-cell and classical Hodgkin lymphomas associated with immunodeficiency: 2015 SH\/EAHP workshop report-part 2 Am J Clin Pathol 147:153-170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqw216","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqw216"},{"issue":"36\u201341","key":"4197_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.09.016","volume":"9","author":"DS Kotlyar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kotlyar DS, Osterman MT, Diamond RH, Porter D, Blonski WC, Wasik M, Sampat S, Mendizabal M, Lin MV, Lichtenstein GR (2011) A systematic review of factors that contribute to hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 9(36\u201341):e31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.09.016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4197_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1159\/000493350","volume":"26","author":"J Carvao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carvao J, Magno Pereira V, Jacinto F, Sousa Andrade C, Jasmins L (2019) Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: a rare complication of monotherapy with thiopurines in Crohn\u2019s disease. GE Port J Gastroenterol 26:279\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000493350","journal-title":"GE Port J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4197_CR21","unstructured":"Arber DAB MJ, Cook JR, de Leval L, Goodlad JR, Hasserjian RP, King RL, Kvasnicka HM, Orazi, A. (2025) The international consensus classification of myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms. Wolters Kluwer"},{"key":"4197_CR22","unstructured":"Board WCoTE (2024) Haematolymphoid tumours. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (France)"},{"key":"4197_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Natkunam Y, Gratzinger D, de Jong D, Chadburn A, Goodlad JR, Chan JK, Said J, Jaffe ES (2017) Immunodeficiency and dysregulation: report of the 2015 workshop of the Society for Hematopathology\/European Association for Haematopathology. Am J Clin Pathol 147:124\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqw200","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqw200"},{"key":"4197_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.10.033","volume":"145","author":"M Rafiq","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rafiq M, Hayward A, Warren-Gash C, Denaxas S, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Lyratzopoulos G, Thomas S (2020) Allergic disease, corticosteroid use, and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma: a United Kingdom nationwide case-control study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 145:868\u2013876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.10.033","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"4197_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202099","volume":"73","author":"S Bernatsky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bernatsky S, Ramsey-Goldman R, Joseph L, Boivin JF, Costenbader KH, Urowitz MB, Gladman DD, Fortin PR, Nived O, Petri MA, Jacobsen S, Manzi S, Ginzler EM, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Gordon C, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Yelin E, Bae SC, Wallace DJ, Peschken CA, Dooley MA, Edworthy SM, Aranow C, Kamen DL, Romero-Diaz J, Askanase A, Witte T, Barr SG, Criswell LA, Sturfelt GK, Blanco I, Feldman CH, Dreyer L, Patel NM, St Pierre Y, Clarke AE (2014) Lymphoma risk in systemic lupus: effects of disease activity versus treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 73:138\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202099","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"4197_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.03.035","volume":"89","author":"A Blauvelt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Blauvelt A, Lebwohl M, Langley RG, Rowland K, Yang YW, Chan D, Miller M, You Y, Yu J, Tha\u04abi D, Foley P, Papp KA (2023) Malignancy rates through 5 years of follow-up in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis treated with guselkumab: pooled results from the VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2 trials. J Am Acad Dermatol 89:274\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.03.035","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"4197_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.07.050","volume":"86","author":"F Bellinato","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bellinato F, Gisondi P, Girolomoni G (2022) Risk of lymphohematologic malignancies in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 86:86\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.07.050","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"4197_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182190999","volume":"35","author":"SE Gibson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gibson SE, Swerdlow SH, Craig FE, Surti U, Cook JR, Nalesnik MA, Lowe C, Wood KM, Bacon CM (2011) EBV-positive extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the posttransplant setting: a distinct type of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder? Am J Surg Pathol 35:807\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182190999","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"4197_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqx134","volume":"149","author":"DP Cassidy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cassidy DP, Vega F, Chapman JR (2017) Epstein-Barr virus-positive extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue in the posttransplant setting: an immunodeficiency-related (posttransplant) lymphoproliferative disorder? Am J Clin Pathol 149:42\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqx134","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"4197_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1792","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.162","volume":"6","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Li Y, Zhu B (2015) T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Death Dis 6:e1792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cddis.2015.162","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"4197_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-019-00744-5","volume":"41","author":"M Kurachi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kurachi M (2019) CD8(+) T cell exhaustion. Semin Immunopathol 41:327\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-019-00744-5","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"4197_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.715234","volume":"12","author":"JS Dolina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dolina JS, Van Braeckel-Budimir N, Thomas GD, Salek-Ardakani S (2021) CD8(+) T cell exhaustion in cancer. Front Immunol 12:715234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.715234","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4197_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167975","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1167975","volume":"14","author":"Q Yin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yin Q, Wu L, Han L, Zheng X, Tong R, Li L, Bai L, Bian Y (2023) Immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a review. Front Immunol 14:1167975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1167975","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4197_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2023.04.002","volume":"9","author":"SJ Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang SJ, Dougan SK, Dougan M (2023) Immune mechanisms of toxicity from checkpoint inhibitors trends. Cancer 9:543\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trecan.2023.04.002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"4197_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tetzlaff MT, Jazaeri AA, Torres-Cabala CA, Korivi BR, Landon GA, Nagarajan P, Choksi A, Chen L, Uemura M, Aung PP, Diab A, Sharma P, Davies MA, Amaria R, Prieto VG, Curry JL (2017) Erythema nodosum-like panniculitis mimicking disease recurrence: a novel toxicity from immune checkpoint blockade therapy-Report of 2 patients J Cutan Pathol 44:1080-1086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cup.13044","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13044"},{"key":"4197_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.105","volume":"83","author":"SR Ellis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ellis SR, Vierra AT, Millsop JW, Lacouture ME, Kiuru M (2020) Dermatologic toxicities to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a review of histopathologic features. J Am Acad Dermatol 83:1130\u20131143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.105","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"4197_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e209","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16922","volume":"35","author":"G Richtig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Richtig G, Cerroni L, Schmidt H, Beham-Schmid C, Deinlein T, Vallant C, Richtig E (2021) Talimogene laherparepvec can initiate plasma cell invasion into infiltrated melanoma lesions-a case series. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 35:e209\u2013e211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.16922","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"4197_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.06.008","volume":"38","author":"AR Cardones","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cardones AR (2020) Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. Clin Dermatol 38:702\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.06.008","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"4197_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2204547","volume":"391","author":"D Kroshinsky","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kroshinsky D, Cardones ARG, Blumenthal KG (2024) Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. N Engl J Med 391:2242\u20132254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra2204547","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4197_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/s1085-5629(96)80038-1","volume":"15","author":"H Bocquet","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bocquet H, Bagot M, Roujeau JC (1996) Drug-induced pseudolymphoma and drug hypersensitivity syndrome (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: dress). Semin Cutan Med Surg 15:250\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1085-5629(96)80038-1","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"4197_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kardaun SH, Sekula P, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Liss Y, Chu CY, Creamer D, Sidoroff A, Naldi L, Mockenhaupt M, Roujeau JC,\u00a0RegiSCAR study group\u00a0(2013) Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study. Br J Dermatol 169:1071\u20131080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.12501","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12501"},{"key":"4197_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.55.1","volume":"55","author":"T Shiohara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shiohara T, Inaoka M, Kano Y (2006) Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS): a reaction induced by a complex interplay among herpesviruses and antiviral and antidrug immune responses. Allergol Int 55:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2332\/allergolint.55.1","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"4197_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754231177590","volume":"27","author":"H Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu H, Ren V (2023) Immunopathogenic insights on preferential human herpesvirus-6 reactivation in drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: a scoping review. J Cutan Med Surg 27:388\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/12034754231177590","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"4197_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709866","volume":"378","author":"SL Maude","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maude SL, Laetsch TW, Buechner J, Rives S, Boyer M, Bittencourt H, Bader P, Verneris MR, Stefanski HE, Myers GD, Qayed M, De Moerloose B, Hiramatsu H, Schlis K, Davis KL, Martin PL, Nemecek ER, Yanik GA, Peters C, Baruchel A, Boissel N, Mechinaud F, Balduzzi A, Krueger J, June CH, Levine BL, Wood P, Taran T, Leung M, Mueller KT, Zhang Y, Sen K, Lebwohl D, Pulsipher MA, Grupp SA (2018) Tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 378:439\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1709866","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4197_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1914347","volume":"382","author":"M Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang M, Munoz J, Goy A, Locke FL, Jacobson CA, Hill BT, Timmerman JM, Holmes H, Jaglowski S, Flinn IW, McSweeney PA, Miklos DB, Pagel JM, Kersten MJ, Milpied N, Fung H, Topp MS, Houot R, Beitinjaneh A, Peng W, Zheng L, Rossi JM, Jain RK, Rao AV, Reagan PM (2020) KTE-X19 CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med 382:1331\u20131342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1914347","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4197_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024850","volume":"384","author":"NC Munshi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Munshi NC, Anderson LD Jr, Shah N, Madduri D, Berdeja J, Lonial S, Raje N, Lin Y, Siegel D, Oriol A, Moreau P, Yakoub-Agha I, Delforge M, Cavo M, Einsele H, Goldschmidt H, Weisel K, Rambaldi A, Reece D, Petrocca F, Massaro M, Connarn JN, Kaiser S, Patel P, Huang L, Campbell TB, Hege K, San-Miguel J (2021) Idecabtagene vicleucel in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 384:705\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2024850","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4197_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707447","volume":"377","author":"SS Neelapu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neelapu SS, Locke FL, Bartlett NL, Lekakis LJ, Miklos DB, Jacobson CA, Braunschweig I, Oluwole OO, Siddiqi T, Lin Y, Timmerman JM, Stiff PJ, Friedberg JW, Flinn IW, Goy A, Hill BT, Smith MR, Deol A, Farooq U, McSweeney P, Munoz J, Avivi I, Castro JE, Westin JR, Chavez JC, Ghobadi A, Komanduri KV, Levy R, Jacobsen ED, Witzig TE, Reagan P, Bot A, Rossi J, Navale L, Jiang Y, Aycock J, Elias M, Chang D, Wiezorek J, Go WY (2017) Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T-cell therapy in refractory large B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med 377:2531\u20132544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1707447","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4197_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.12.002","volume":"65","author":"N Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh N, Orlando E, Xu J, Xu J, Binder Z, Collins MA, O\u2019Rourke DM, Melenhorst JJ (2020) Mechanisms of resistance to CAR T cell therapies. Semin Cancer Biol 65:91\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.12.002","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"4197_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30864-7","volume":"20","author":"FL Locke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Locke FL, Ghobadi A, Jacobson CA, Miklos DB, Lekakis LJ, Oluwole OO, Lin Y, Braunschweig I, Hill BT, Timmerman JM, Deol A, Reagan PM, Stiff P, Flinn IW, Farooq U, Goy A, McSweeney PA, Munoz J, Siddiqi T, Chavez JC, Herrera AF, Bartlett NL, Wiezorek JS, Navale L, Xue A, Jiang Y, Bot A, Rossi JM, Kim JJ, Go WY, Neelapu SS (2019) Long-term safety and activity of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (ZUMA-1): a single-arm, multicentre phase 1-2 trial. Lancet Oncol 20:31\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30864-7","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"4197_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0442","volume":"8","author":"RG Majzner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Majzner RG, Mackall CL (2018) Tumor antigen escape from CAR T-cell therapy. Cancer Discov 8:1219\u20131226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0442","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"4197_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.266841","volume":"108","author":"X Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou X, Rasche L, Kortum KM, Mersi J, Einsele H (2023) BCMA loss in the epoch of novel immunotherapy for multiple myeloma: from biology to clinical practice. Haematologica 108:958\u2013968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3324\/haematol.2020.266841","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"4197_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0146-z","volume":"24","author":"EJ Orlando","year":"2018","unstructured":"Orlando EJ, Han X, Tribouley C, Wood PA, Leary RJ, Riester M, Levine JE, Qayed M, Grupp SA, Boyer M, De Moerloose B, Nemecek ER, Bittencourt H, Hiramatsu H, Buechner J, Davies SM, Verneris MR, Nguyen K, Brogdon JL, Bitter H, Morrissey M, Pierog P, Pantano S, Engelman JA, Winckler W (2018) Genetic mechanisms of target antigen loss in CAR19 therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Med 24:1504\u20131506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0146-z","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"4197_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0580-z","volume":"34","author":"M Asnani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Asnani M, Hayer KE, Naqvi AS, Zheng S, Yang SY, Oldridge D, Ibrahim F, Maragkakis M, Gazzara MR, Black KL, Bagashev A, Taylor D, Mourelatos Z, Grupp SA, Barrett D, Maris JM, Sotillo E, Barash Y, Thomas-Tikhonenko A (2020) Retention of CD19 intron 2 contributes to CART-19 resistance in leukemias with subclonal frameshift mutations in CD19. Leukemia 34:1202\u20131207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-019-0580-z","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"4197_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12320","volume":"7","author":"E Jacoby","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jacoby E, Nguyen SM, Fountaine TJ, Welp K, Gryder B, Qin H, Yang Y, Chien CD, Seif AE, Lei H, Song YK, Khan J, Lee DW, Mackall CL, Gardner RA, Jensen MC, Shern JF, Fry TJ (2016) CD19 CAR immune pressure induces B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia lineage switch exposing inherent leukaemic plasticity. Nat Commun 7:12320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms12320","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4197_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sworder BJ, Kurtz DM, Alig SK, Frank MJ, Shukla N, Garofalo A, Macaulay CW, Shahrokh Esfahani M, Olsen MN, Hamilton J, Hosoya H, Hamilton M, Spiegel JY, Baird JH, Sugio T, Carleton M, Craig AFM, Younes SF, Sahaf B, Sheybani ND, Schroers-Martin JG, Liu CL, Oak JS, Jin MC, Beygi S, Huttmann A, Hanoun C, Duhrsen U, Westin JR, Khodadoust MS, Natkunam Y, Majzner RG, Mackall CL, Diehn M, Miklos DB, Alizadeh AA (2023) Determinants of resistance to engineered T cell therapies targeting CD19 in large B cell lymphomas Cancer Cell 41:210-225 e215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.12.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.12.005"},{"key":"4197_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001834","volume":"46","author":"C Laurent","year":"2022","unstructured":"Laurent C, Syrykh C, Hamon M, Adelaide J, Guille A, Escudie F, Jalowicki G, Fina F, Bardet A, Mescam L, Molina TJ, Dartigues P, Parrens M, Sujobert P, Besson C, Birnbaum D, Xerri L (2022) Resistance of B-cell lymphomas to CAR T-cell therapy is associated with genomic tumor changes which can result in transdifferentiation. Am J Surg Pathol 46:742\u2013753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001834","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"4197_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020005123","volume":"136","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Orlando EJ, Wang HY, Bogusz AM, Liu X, Lacey SF, Strauser HT, Nunez-Cruz S, Nejati R, Zhang P, Brooks S, Watt C, Melenhorst JJ, June CH, Schuster SJ, Wasik MA (2020) Transdifferentiation of lymphoma into sarcoma associated with profound reprogramming of the epigenome. Blood 136:1980\u20131983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2020005123","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"4197_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s12308-024-00592-9","volume":"17","author":"N Padmanabha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Padmanabha N, Weinstock MJ, Xu S, Lepe M, Garrett LA, Kappes UP, Michaels PD (2024) Transdifferentiation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma to a poorly differentiated neoplasm following. CAR T-cell therapy. J Hematop 17:149\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12308-024-00592-9","journal-title":"J Hematop"},{"key":"4197_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21177-5","volume":"12","author":"MK Samur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samur MK, Fulciniti M, Aktas Samur A, Bazarbachi AH, Tai YT, Prabhala R, Alonso A, Sperling AS, Campbell T, Petrocca F, Hege K, Kaiser S, Loiseau HA, Anderson KC, Munshi NC (2021) Biallelic loss of BCMA as a resistance mechanism to CAR T cell therapy in a patient with multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 12:868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-21177-5","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4197_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Da Vi\u00e0 MC, Dietrich O, Truger M, Arampatzi P, Duell J, Heidemeier A, Zhou X, Danhof S, Kraus S, Chatterjee M, Meggendorfer M, Twardziok S, Goebeler ME, Topp MS, Hudecek M, Prommersberger S, Hege K, Kaiser S, Fuhr V, Weinhold N, Rosenwald A, Erhard F, Haferlach C, Einsele H, Kort\u00fcm KM, Saliba AE, Rasche L (2021) Homozygous gene deletion in response to anti-BCMA CAR T cells in a patient with multiple myeloma Nature Medicine 27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01245-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01245-5"},{"key":"4197_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02767-w","volume":"30","author":"BL Levine","year":"2024","unstructured":"Levine BL, Pasquini MC, Connolly JE, Porter DL, Gustafson MP, Boelens JJ, Horwitz EM, Grupp SA, Maus MV, Locke FL, Ciceri F, Ruggeri A, Snowden J, Heslop HE, Mackall CL, June CH, Sureda AM, Perales MA (2024) Unanswered questions following reports of secondary malignancies after CAR-T cell therapy. Nat Med 30:338\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-023-02767-w","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"4197_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00754-1","volume":"20","author":"KM Cappell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cappell KM, Kochenderfer JN (2023) Long-term outcomes following CAR T cell therapy: what we know so far. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 20:359\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41571-023-00754-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4197_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02826-w","volume":"30","author":"G Ghilardi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghilardi G, Fraietta JA, Gerson JN, Van Deerlin VM, Morrissette JJD, Caponetti GC, Paruzzo L, Harris JC, Chong EA, Susanibar Adaniya SP, Svoboda J, Nasta SD, Ugwuanyi OH, Landsburg DJ, Fardella E, Waxman AJ, Chong ER, Patel V, Pajarillo R, Kulikovskaya I, Lieberman DB, Cohen AD, Levine BL, Stadtmauer EA, Frey NV, Vogl DT, Hexner EO, Barta SK, Porter DL, Garfall AL, Schuster SJ, June CH, Ruella M (2024) T cell lymphoma and secondary primary malignancy risk after commercial CAR T cell therapy. Nat Med 30:984\u2013989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-024-02826-w","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"4197_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401530","volume":"390","author":"M Ozdemirli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ozdemirli M, Loughney TM, Deniz E, Chahine JJ, Albitar M, Pittaluga S, Sadigh S, Armand P, Uren A, Anderson KC (2024) Indolent CD4+ CAR T-cell lymphoma after Cilta-cel CAR T-cell therapy. N Engl J Med 390:2074\u20132082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2401530","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4197_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bishop DC, Clancy LE, Simms R, Burgess J, Mathew G, Moezzi L, Street JA, Sutrave G, Atkins E, McGuire HM, Gloss BS, Lee K, Jiang W, Maddock K, McCaughan G, Avdic S, Antonenas V, O\u2019Brien TA, Shaw PJ, Irving DO, Gottlieb DJ, Blyth E, Micklethwaite KP (2021) Development of CAR T-cell lymphoma in 2 of 10 patients effectively treated with piggyBac-modified CD19 CAR T cells Blood 138:1504-1509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2021010813","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021010813"},{"key":"4197_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401361","volume":"390","author":"MP Hamilton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hamilton MP, Sugio T, Noordenbos T, Shi S, Bulterys PL, Liu CL, Kang X, Olsen MN, Good Z, Dahiya S, Frank MJ, Sahaf B, Mackall CL, Gratzinger D, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA, Miklos DB (2024) Risk of second tumors and T-cell lymphoma after CAR T-cell therapy. N Engl J Med 390:2047\u20132060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2401361","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4197_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fortuna GG, Banerjee R, Savid-Frontera C, Song J, Moran-Segura CM, Nguyen JV, Lekakis L, Fernandez-Pol S, Samraj AN, Naresh KN, Vazquez-Martinez M, Baz RC, Spiegel JY, Mikkilineni L, Gubatan JM, Sidana S, de Menezes Silva Corraes A, Kalariya NM, Patel KK, Shim KG, Fonseca R, Ferreri C, Voorhees PM, Richard S, Valdes CR, Sireesha A, Wolf JL, Cowan AJ, Sborov DW, Locke FL, Lin Y, Wang Y, Hansen DK (2024) Immune effector cell-associated enterocolitis following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma Blood Cancer J 14:180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41408-024-01167-8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-01167-8"},{"key":"4197_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.002","volume":"194","author":"PH Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen PH, Raghunandan R, Morrow JS, Katz SG (2024) Finding your CAR: the road ahead for engineered T cells. Am J Pathol 194:1409\u20131423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.002","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"4197_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-11-516229","volume":"123","author":"SA Parikh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parikh SA, Kay NE, Shanafelt TD (2014) How we treat Richter syndrome. Blood 123:1647\u20131657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2013-11-516229","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"4197_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30596","volume":"123","author":"P Jain","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jain P, Thompson PA, Keating M, Estrov Z, Ferrajoli A, Jain N, Kantarjian H, Burger JA, O\u2019Brien S, Wierda WG (2017) Long-term outcomes for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who discontinue ibrutinib. Cancer 123:2268\u20132273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.30596","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"4197_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2014.218","volume":"1","author":"KJ Maddocks","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maddocks KJ, Ruppert AS, Lozanski G, Heerema NA, Zhao W, Abruzzo L, Lozanski A, Davis M, Gordon A, Smith LL, Mantel R, Jones JA, Flynn JM, Jaglowski SM, Andritsos LA, Awan F, Blum KA, Grever MR, Johnson AJ, Byrd JC, Woyach JA (2015) Etiology of ibrutinib therapy discontinuation and outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. JAMA Oncol 1:80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2014.218","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"4197_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.224121","volume":"105","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Tschautscher MA, Rabe KG, Call TG, Leis JF, Kenderian SS, Kay NE, Muchtar E, Van Dyke DL, Koehler AB, Schwager SM, Slager SL, Parikh SA, Ding W (2020) Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Richter transformation: experience of 204 patients from a single center. Haematologica 105:765\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3324\/haematol.2019.224121","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"4197_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2712","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2019.1602268","volume":"60","author":"PJ Hampel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hampel PJ, Ding W, Call TG, Rabe KG, Kenderian SS, Witzig TE, Muchtar E, Leis JF, Chanan-Khan AA, Koehler AB, Fonder AL, Schwager SM, Slager SL, Shanafelt TD, Kay NE, Parikh SA (2019) Rapid disease progression following discontinuation of ibrutinib in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated in routine clinical practice. Leuk Lymphoma 60:2712\u20132719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10428194.2019.1602268","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"4197_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2020-0388","volume":"25","author":"PJ Hampel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hampel PJ, Call TG, Rabe KG, Ding W, Muchtar E, Kenderian SS, Wang Y, Leis JF, Witzig TE, Koehler AB, Fonder AL, Schwager SM, Van Dyke DL, Braggio E, Slager SL, Kay NE, Parikh SA (2020) Disease flare during temporary interruption of ibrutinib therapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncologist 25:974\u2013980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2020-0388","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"4197_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16948","volume":"191","author":"L Barnea Slonim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barnea Slonim L, Ma S, Behdad A, Chen Q (2020) Pseudo-richter transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia\/small lymphocytic lymphoma following ibrutinib interruption: a diagnostic pitfall. Br J Haematol 191:e22\u2013e25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.16948","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"4197_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4508","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002454","volume":"4","author":"PJ Hampel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hampel PJ, Cherng HJ, Call TG, Ding W, Khanlari M, McPhail ED, Miranda RN, Lin P, Tawbi HA, Ferrajoli A, Wierda WG, Jain N, Parikh SA (2020) Incidental Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients during temporary interruption of ibrutinib. Blood Adv 4:4508\u20134511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002454","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"4197_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI89756","volume":"127","author":"M Long","year":"2017","unstructured":"Long M, Beckwith K, Do P, Mundy BL, Gordon A, Lehman AM, Maddocks KJ, Cheney C, Jones JA, Flynn JM, Andritsos LA, Awan F, Fraietta JA, June CH, Maus MV, Woyach JA, Caligiuri MA, Johnson AJ, Muthusamy N, Byrd JC (2017) Ibrutinib treatment improves T cell number and function in CLL patients. J Clin Invest 127:3052\u20133064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI89756","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"4197_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.220590","volume":"105","author":"TWH Flinsenberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Flinsenberg TWH, Tromedjo CC, Hu N, Liu Y, Guo Y, Thia KYT, Noori T, Song X, Aw Yeang HX, Tantalo DG, Handunnetti S, Seymour JF, Roberts AW, Ritchie D, Koldej R, Neeson PJ, Wang L, Trapani JA, Tam CS, Voskoboinik I (2020) Differential effects of BTK inhibitors ibrutinib and zanubrutinib on NK-cell effector function in patients with mantle cell lymphoma. Haematologica 105:e76\u2013e79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3324\/haematol.2019.220590","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"4197_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010068","author":"M Mhibik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mhibik M, Wiestner A, Sun C (2019) Harnessing the effects of BTKi on T cells for effective immunotherapy against CLL. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21010068","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4197_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022009279","volume":"7","author":"A Marcos-Jimenez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marcos-Jimenez A, Carvoeiro DC, Ruef N, Cuesta-Mateos C, Roy-Vallejo E (2023) Gomez-Garcia de Soria V, Lagana C, Del Campo L, Zubiaur P Villapalos-Garcia G, Abad-Santos F Stein JV Munoz-Calleja C Dasatinib-induced spleen contraction leads to transient lymphocytosis. Blood Adv 7:2418\u20132430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022009279","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"4197_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2016003889","volume":"1","author":"LC Fox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fox LC, Cummins KD, Costello B, Yeung D, Cleary R, Forsyth C, Tatarczuch M, Burbury K, Motorna O, Shortt J, Fleming S, McQuillan A, Schwarer A, Harrup R, Holmes A, Ratnasingam S, Chan KL, Hsu WH, Ashraf A, Putt F, Grigg A (2017) The incidence and natural history of dasatinib complications in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 1:802\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2016003889","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"4197_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E351","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.25027","volume":"50","author":"L Christe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Christe L, Veloza L, Gros L, Bisig B, Blum S, Hewer E, de Leval L (2022) HHV8-negative primary effusion-based large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR::ABL1-positive under dasatinib treatment: report of a new case and literature review. Diagn Cytopathol 50:E351\u2013E356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dc.25027","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"4197_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-017-3105-8","volume":"96","author":"A Iurlo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iurlo A, Bucelli C, Cattaneo D, Orofino N, Giannotta JA, Zappa M, Gianelli U, Cortelezzi A (2017) Reactive follicular hyperplasia on dasatinib treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 96:1953\u20131954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-017-3105-8","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"4197_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000488","volume":"39","author":"MG Ozawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ozawa MG, Ewalt MD, Gratzinger D (2015) Dasatinib-related follicular hyperplasia: an underrecognized entity with characteristic morphology. Am J Surg Pathol 39:1363\u20131369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000488","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"4197_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022791","volume":"99","author":"D Pilalas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pilalas D, Koletsa T, Arsos G, Panselinas G, Exadaktylou P, Polychronopoulos G, Savopoulos C, Kaiafa GD (2020) Dasatinib associated lymphadenopathy in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 99:e22791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000022791","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"4197_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-07-513879","volume":"122","author":"C Roux","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roux C, Nicolini FE, Rea D, Niault M, Mollica L, Berger F, Chassagne-Clement C, Tigaud I, Tulliez M, Giraudier S, Turhan A, Rousselot P, Legros L (2013) Reversible lymph node follicular hyperplasia associated with dasatinib treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase. Blood 122:3082\u20133084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2013-07-513879","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"4197_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bouquet E, Jourdain A, Machet MC, Beau-Salinas F, Jonville-Bera AP (2017) Dasatinib-associated follicular lymphoid hyperplasia: first pediatric case report and literature review Pediatr Blood Cancer 64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.26597","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26597"},{"key":"4197_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-252739","author":"KI Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou KI, Lin C, Neff JL, Galal A (2023) Dasatinib-associated follicular lymphoma in a patient with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. BMJ Case Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-252739","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"4197_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-022-03400-w","volume":"482","author":"A Patil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patil A, Swerdlow SH, Lossos IS, Chapman JR (2023) Atypical follicular hyperplasia with light chain-restricted germinal centers after COVID-19 booster: a diagnostic pitfall. Virchows Arch 482:905\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00428-022-03400-w","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"4197_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.5398","volume":"10","author":"A Tzankov","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tzankov A, Rossle M (2022) Extrafollicular proliferation of B-blasts: morphologic correlate to Spikevax-induced lymphadenopathy. Clin Case Rep 10:e05398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.5398","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"4197_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1285168","volume":"14","author":"T Menter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Menter T, Zinner CP, Berger CT, Went P, Tzankov A (2023) Case report: gene expression profiling of COVID-19 vaccination-related lymphadenopathies reveals evidence of a dominantly extrafollicular immune response. Front Immunol 14:1285168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1285168","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4197_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Caocci G, Fanni D, Porru M, Greco M, Nemolato S, Firinu D, Faa G, Scuteri A, La Nasa G (2022) Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination Haematologica 107:1222-1225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3324\/haematol.2021.280239","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.280239"},{"key":"4197_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9111251","author":"HM Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan HM, Hue SS, Wee A, See KC (2021) Kikuchi-fujimoto disease post COVID-19 vaccination: case report and review of literature. Vaccines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9111251","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"4197_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.265","volume":"2","author":"S Tintle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tintle S, Chen M (2021) Lymphadenopathy with florid lymphoid and Langerhans cell hyperplasia and hemophagocytosis mimicking lymphoma after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. EJHaem 2:845\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jha2.265","journal-title":"EJHaem"},{"key":"4197_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10101725","author":"C Hoffmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoffmann C, Wechselberger T, Drexel H, Dertinger S, Dirnhofer S, Pierson SK, Fajgenbaum DC, Kessler A (2022) Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease occurring shortly after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Vaccines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10101725","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"4197_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e291","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18777","volume":"37","author":"SBL Gamonal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gamonal SBL, Marques NCV, Pereira HMB, Gamonal ACC (2023) Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome (DRESS) associated with pancreatitis and hepatitis following Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 37:e291\u2013e293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.18777","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"4197_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2022.02.018","volume":"40","author":"JW Schroeder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schroeder JW, Gamba C, Toniato A, Group C-S, Rongioletti F (2022) A definite case of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) induced by administration of the Pfizer\/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine for SARS-CoV2. Clin Dermatol 40:591\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2022.02.018","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"4197_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16347","volume":"49","author":"A Korekawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Korekawa A, Nakajima K, Fukushi K, Nakano H, Sawamura D (2022) Three cases of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome associated with mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines. J Dermatol 49:652\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.16347","journal-title":"J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Virchows Archiv"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00428-025-04197-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00428-025-04197-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00428-025-04197-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T02:19:23Z","timestamp":1756347563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00428-025-04197-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["4197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00428-025-04197-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0945-6317","1432-2307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0945-6317","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}