{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:29:46Z","timestamp":1792456186163,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virchows Arch"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-025-04330-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T12:24:42Z","timestamp":1762604682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Postmortem microbiological sampling: a prospective ESGFOR-supported study on relevance, timing, and site selection"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7602-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An","family":"Tamsin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneleen","family":"Claes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5803-3409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wouter","family":"Van Den Bogaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4246-6303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit","family":"Weynand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2992-3226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amparo Fernandez","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0048-5215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wim","family":"Van de Voorde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0439-0205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veroniek","family":"Saegeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4330_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.162792","volume":"95","author":"L Prtak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Prtak L, Al-Adnani M, Fenton P, Kudesia G, Cohen MC (2010) Contribution of bacteriology and virology in sudden unexpected death in infancy. Arch Dis Child 95(5):371\u2013376","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"4330_CR2","first-page":"368","volume":"30","author":"A Sib\u00f3n Olano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sib\u00f3n Olano A, S\u00e1nchez Rodr\u00edguez E, Pay\u00e1 M, Barrera P\u00e9rez E, Salguero Villadiego M, Fernandez-Rodr\u00edguez A (2017) Importance of the forensic autopsy in the diagnosis of septic shock: a case report. Rev Esp Quimioter 30(5):368\u2013371","journal-title":"Rev Esp Quimioter"},{"issue":"4","key":"4330_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03102-13","volume":"52","author":"S Riedel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Riedel S (2014) The value of postmortem microbiology cultures. J Clin Microbiol 52(4):1028\u20131033","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4330_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2317-x","volume":"34","author":"A Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez A, Cohen MC, Lucena J, Van de Voorde W, Angelini A, Ziyade N et al (2015) How to optimise the yield of forensic and clinical post-mortem microbiology with an adequate sampling: a proposal for standardisation. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 34(5):1045\u20131057","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"4330_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-2943-6","volume":"36","author":"V Saegeman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saegeman V, Cohen MC, Alberola J, Ziyade N, Farina C, Achour W et al (2017) How is post-mortem microbiology appraised by pathologists? Results from a practice survey conducted by ESGFOR. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 36(8):1381\u20131385","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9627","key":"4330_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60798-9","volume":"371","author":"M Weber","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weber M, Klein N, Hartley J, Lock P, Malone M, Sebire N (2008) Infection and sudden unexpected death in infancy: a systematic retrospective case review. Lancet 371(9627):1848\u20131853","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4330_CR7","volume-title":"Forensische Geneeskunde","author":"W Van de Voorde","year":"2023","unstructured":"Van de Voorde W (2023) Forensische Geneeskunde. Owl Press Borgerhoff & Lamberights, Gent, Belgi\u00eb"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"4330_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.02.002","volume":"198","author":"MA Weber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weber MA, Hartley JC, Brooke I, Lock PE, Klein NJ, Malone M et al (2010) Post-mortem interval and bacteriological culture yield in sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI). Forensic Sci Int 198(1\u20133):121\u2013125","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4330_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdip.2006.07.005","volume":"13","author":"JA Morris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morris JA, Harrison LM, Partridge SM (2007) Practical and theoretical aspects of postmortem bacteriology. Curr Diagn Pathol 13(1):65\u201374","journal-title":"Curr Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4330_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.028183","volume":"59","author":"JA Morris","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morris JA, Harrison LM, Partridge SM (2006) Postmortem bacteriology: a re-evaluation. J Clin Pathol 59(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4330_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.135939","volume":"94","author":"PN Goldwater","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goldwater PN (2009) Sterile site infection at autopsy in sudden unexpected deaths in infancy. Arch Dis Child 94(4):303\u2013307","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"4330_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.05.020","volume":"231","author":"Rkuan Tang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tang Rkuan, Liu Y, Liu Yzhi, Zhu Smin, Huang W, Zhao P et al (2013) Evaluation of post-mortem heart blood culture in a Chinese population. Forensic Sci Int 231(1\u20133):229\u201333","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"4330_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2022.111534","volume":"342","author":"S Tambuzzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tambuzzi S, Maciocco F, Gentile G, Boracchi M, Faraone C, Andreola S, Zoja R (2023) Utility and diagnostic value of postmortem microbiology associated with histology for forensic purposes. Forensic Sci Int 342:111534","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"4330_CR14","first-page":"15","volume":"3","author":"M Tsokos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tsokos M, Puschel K (2001) Postmortem bacteriology in forensic pathology: diagnostic value and. Interpret Leg Med 3:15\u201322","journal-title":"Interpret Leg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4330_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12991","volume":"61","author":"C Palmiere","year":"2016","unstructured":"Palmiere C, Egger C, Prod\u2019Hom G, Greub G (2016) Bacterial translocation and sample contamination in postmortem microbiological analyses. J Forensic Sci 61(2):367\u2013374","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"4330_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.02.020","volume":"250","author":"S Christoffersen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Christoffersen S (2015) The importance of microbiological testing for establishing cause of death in 42 forensic autopsies. Forensic Sci Int 250:27\u201332","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"4330_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0762-0","volume":"28","author":"IVK Lobmaier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lobmaier IVK, Vege \u00c5, Gaustad P, Rognum TO (2009) Bacteriological investigation-significance of time lapse after death. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 28(10):1191\u20131198","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4330_CR18","first-page":"395","volume":"100","author":"FJ Roberts","year":"1969","unstructured":"Roberts FJ (1969) A review of postmortem bacteriological cultures. Canad Med Ass I [Internet] 100(2):395\u2013402","journal-title":"Canad Med Ass I [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"4330_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2015.10.002","volume":"84","author":"MJ Mart\u00ednez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez MJ, Massora S, Mandomando I, Ussene E, Jordao D, Lovane L, Mu\u00f1oz-Almagro C, Castillo P et al (2015) Infectious cause of death determination using minimally invasive autopsies in developing countries. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 84(1):80\u201386","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"4330_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2011.089698","volume":"64","author":"JW Pryce","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pryce JW, Klein NJ, Roberts SEA, Ashworth MT, Sebire NJ, Weber MA (2011) Microbiological findings in sudden unexpected death in infancy: comparison of immediate postmortem sampling in casualty departments and at autopsy. J Clin Pathol 64(5):421\u2013425","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4330_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0609-0","volume":"28","author":"V Saegeman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saegeman V, Verhaegen J, Lismont D, Verduyckt B, De Rijdt T, Ectors N (2009) Influence of postmortem time on the outcome of blood cultures among cadaveric tissue donors. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 28(2):161\u2013168","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"4330_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.136739","volume":"93","author":"MA Weber","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weber MA, Ashworth MT, Risdon RA, Hartley JC, Malone M, Sebire NJ (2008) The role of post-mortem investigations in determining the cause of sudden unexpected death in infancy. Arch Dis Child 93(12):1048\u20131053","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"4330_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13020098","volume":"13","author":"R Dietrich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dietrich R, Jessberger N, Ehling-Schulz M, M\u00e4rtlbauer E, Granum PE (2021Jan 28) The food poisoning toxins of Bacillus cereus. Toxins (Basel) 13(2):98","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Virchows Archiv"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00428-025-04330-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00428-025-04330-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00428-025-04330-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T12:24:44Z","timestamp":1762604684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00428-025-04330-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["4330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00428-025-04330-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0945-6317","1432-2307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0945-6317","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 November 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Local ethical committee approval was obtained under the registration number mp08926.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}