{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T03:52:09Z","timestamp":1792900329019,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Struct Funct"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-007-0170-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,9]],"date-time":"2008-01-09T04:34:49Z","timestamp":1199853289000},"page":"443-463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":236,"title":["Human pallidothalamic and cerebellothalamic tracts: anatomical basis for functional stereotactic neurosurgery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Marc N.","family":"Gallay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Jeanmonod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"170_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07082.x","volume":"985","author":"GF Alheid","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alheid GF (2003) Extended amygdala and basal forebrain. Annu NY Acad Sci 985:185\u2013205","journal-title":"Annu NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"170_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh397","volume":"128","author":"L Alvarez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alvarez L, Macias R, Lopez G, Alvarez E, Pavon N, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Juncos JL, Maragoto C, Guridi J, Litvan I, Tolosa ES, Koller W, Vitek J, DeLong MR, Obeso JA (2005) Bilateral subthalamotomy in Parkinson\u2019s disease: initial and long-term response. Brain 128:570\u2013583","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"170_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.66.3.879","volume":"66","author":"ME Anderson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Anderson ME, Turner RS (1991) Activity of neurons in cerebellar-receiving and pallidal-receiving areas of the thalamus of the behaving monkey. J Neurophysiol 66:879\u2013893","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"170_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(83)90016-4","volume":"286","author":"C Asanuma","year":"1983","unstructured":"Asanuma C, Thach WR, Jones EG (1983a) Anatomical evidence for segregated focal groupings of efferent cells and their terminal ramifications in the cerebellothalamic pathway of the monkey. Brain Res 286:267\u2013297","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"170_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(83)90015-2","volume":"286","author":"C Asanuma","year":"1983","unstructured":"Asanuma C, Thach WT, Jones EG (1983b) Distribution of cerebellar terminations and their relation to other afferent terminations in the ventral lateral thalamic region of the monkey. Brain Res 286:237\u2013265","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"170_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1017\/S147292880700012X","volume":"3","author":"C Aufenberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aufenberg C, Sarnthein J, Morel A, Rousson V, Gallay M, Jeanmonod D (2005) A revival of Spiegel\u2019s campotomy: long term results of the stereotactic pallidothalamic tractotomy against the parkinsonian thalamocortical dysrhythmia. Thalamus Relat Syst 3:121\u2013132","journal-title":"Thalamus Relat Syst"},{"key":"170_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20010115)429:3<490::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-K","volume":"429","author":"MS Baron","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baron MS, Sidibe M, DeLong MR, Smith Y (2001) Course of motor and associative pallidothalamic projections in monkeys. J Comp Neurol 429:490\u2013501","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"170_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.05.014","volume":"202","author":"MS Baron","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baron MS, Noonan JB, Mewes K (2006) Restricted ablative lesions in motor portions of GPi in primates produce extensive loss of motor-related neurons and degeneration of the lenticular fasciculus. Exp Neurol 202(1):67\u201375","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/91.4.589","volume":"91","author":"E Beck","year":"1968","unstructured":"Beck E, Bignami A (1968) Some neuro-anatomical observations in cases with stereotactic lessions for the relief of parkinsonism. Brain 91:589\u2013618","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"170_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.2.0203","volume":"84","author":"AL Benabid","year":"1996","unstructured":"Benabid AL, Pollak P, Gao D, Hoffmann D, Limousin P, Gay E, Payen I, Benazzouz A (1996) Chronic electrical stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus as a treatment of movement disorders. J Neurosurg 84:203\u2013214","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"170_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1159\/000394338","volume":"5","author":"C Bertrand","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bertrand C, Martinez SN, Hardy J, Molina-Negro P, Velasco F (1973) Stereotactic surgery for Parkinsonism. Progr Neurol Surg 5:79\u2013112","journal-title":"Progr Neurol Surg"},{"key":"170_CR12","first-page":"ONS83","volume":"58","author":"S Breit","year":"2006","unstructured":"Breit S, LeBas JF, Koudsie A, Schulz J, Benazzouz A, Pollak P, Benabid AL (2006) Pretargeting for the implantation of stimulation electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus: a comparative study of magnetic resonance imaging and ventriculography. Neurosurgery 58:ONS83\u2013ONS95","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"170_CR13","first-page":"397","volume":"38","author":"U Burgel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Burgel U, Mecklenburg I, Blohm U, Zilles K (1997) Histological visualization of long fiber tracts in the white matter of adult human brains. J Hirnforsch 38:397\u2013404","journal-title":"J Hirnforsch"},{"key":"170_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.034","volume":"34","author":"CR Butson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Butson CR, Cooper SE, Henderson JM, McIntyre CC (2007) Patient-specific analysis of the volume of tissue activated during deep brain stimulation. Neuroimage 34:661\u2013670","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"170_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04020.x","volume":"21","author":"R Calzavara","year":"2005","unstructured":"Calzavara R, Zappala A, Rozzi S, Matelli M, Luppino G (2005) Neurochemical characterization of the cerebellar-recipient motor thalamic territory in the macaque monkey. Eur J Neurosci 21:1869\u20131894","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"170_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901650402","volume":"165","author":"MB Carpenter","year":"1976","unstructured":"Carpenter MB, Nakano K, Kim R (1976) Nigrothalamic projections in the monkey demonstrated by autoradiographic technics. J Comp Neurol 165:401\u2013415","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90110-V","volume":"13","author":"MR DeLong","year":"1990","unstructured":"DeLong MR (1990) Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin. Trends Neurosci 13:281\u2013285","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"170_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)90208-9","volume":"55","author":"P Evers","year":"1994","unstructured":"Evers P, Uylings HB (1994) Effects of microwave pretreatment on immunocytochemical staining of vibratome sections and tissue blocks of human cerebral cortex stored in formaldehyde fixative for long periods. J Neurosci Methods 55:163\u2013172","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"170_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02041873","volume":"7","author":"A Forel","year":"1877","unstructured":"Forel A (1877) Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Haubenregion und ihre oberen Verkn\u00fcpfungen im Gehirn des Menschen und einiger S\u00e4ugethiere, mit Beitr\u00e4gen zu den Methoden des Gehirnuntersuchung. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 7:393\u2013495","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr"},{"key":"170_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(84)90259-8","volume":"13","author":"C Francois","year":"1984","unstructured":"Francois C, Percheron G, Yelnik J (1984) Localization of nigrostriatal, nigrothalamic and nigrotectal neurons in ventricular coordinates in macaques. Neuroscience 13:61\u201376","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"170_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227517","volume":"102","author":"C Francois","year":"1994","unstructured":"Francois C, Yelnik J, Percheron G, Fenelon G (1994) Topographic distribution of the axonal endings from the sensorimotor and associative striatum in the macaque pallidum and substantia nigra. Exp Brain Res 102:305\u2013318","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"170_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10227","volume":"447","author":"C Francois","year":"2002","unstructured":"Francois C, Tande D, Yelnik J, Hirsch EC (2002) Distribution and morphology of nigral axons projecting to the thalamus in primates. J Comp Neurol 447:249\u2013260","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"170_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10155","volume":"17","author":"IM Garonzik","year":"2002","unstructured":"Garonzik IM, Hua SE, Ohara S, Lenz FA (2002) Intraoperative microelectrode and semi-microelectrode recording during the physiological localization of the thalamic nucleus ventral intermediate. Mov Disord 17(Suppl 3):S135\u2013S144","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"170_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0222-z","volume":"253","author":"F Godinho","year":"2006","unstructured":"Godinho F, Thobois S, Magnin M, Guenot M, Polo G, Benatru I, Xie J, Salvetti A, Garcia-Larrea L, Broussolle E, Mertens P (2006) Subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease : anatomical and electrophysiological localization of active contacts. J Neurol 253:1347\u20131355","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"170_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.3.405","volume":"122","author":"RE Gross","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gross RE, Lombardi WJ, Lang AE, Duff J, Hutchison WD, Saint-Cyr JA, Tasker RR, Lozano AM (1999) Relationship of lesion location to clinical outcome following microelectrode-guided pallidotomy for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 122(Pt 3):405\u2013416","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"170_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2003.10.003","volume":"26","author":"SN Haber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haber SN (2003) The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks. J Chem Neuroanat 26:317\u2013330","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"170_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/107385840100700408","volume":"7","author":"S Haber","year":"2001","unstructured":"Haber S, McFarland NR (2001) The place of the thalamus in frontal cortical\u2013basal ganglia circuits. Neuroscientist 7:315\u2013324","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"170_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-07-04851.1995","volume":"15","author":"SN Haber","year":"1995","unstructured":"Haber SN, Kunishio K, Mizobuchi M, Lynd-Balta E (1995) The orbital and medial prefrontal circuit through the primate basal ganglia. J Neurosci 15:4851\u20134867","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"170_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.8.1036","volume":"74","author":"W Hamel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hamel W, Fietzek U, Morsnowski A, Schrader B, Herzog J, Weinert D, Pfister G, Muller D, Volkmann J, Deuschl G, Mehdorn HM (2003) Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson\u2019s disease: evaluation of active electrode contacts. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:1036\u20131046","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"170_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-007-1230-1","volume":"149","author":"W Hamel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hamel W, Herzog J, Kopper F, Pinsker M, Weinert D, Muller D, Krack P, Deuschl G, Mehdorn HM (2007) Deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic area is more effective than nucleus ventralis intermedius stimulation for bilateral intention tremor. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 149:749\u2013758","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"170_CR31","unstructured":"Hassler R (1982) Architectonic organization of the thalamic nuclei. In: Schaltenbrand G, Walker AE (eds) Stereotaxy of the human brain. Anatomical, physiological and clinical applications. G. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 140\u2013180"},{"key":"170_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00405-8","volume":"76","author":"L Heimer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Heimer L, Harlan RE, Alheid GF, Garcia MM, de Olmos J (1997) Substantia innominata: a notion which impedes clinical-anatomical correlations in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroscience 76:957\u20131006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"170_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21387","volume":"22","author":"J Herzog","year":"2007","unstructured":"Herzog J, Pinsker M, Wasner M, Steigerwald F, Wailke S, Deuschl G, Volkmann J (2007a) Stimulation of subthalamic fibre tracts reduces dyskinesias in STN-DBS. Mov Disord 22:679\u2013684","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"170_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm077","volume":"130","author":"J Herzog","year":"2007","unstructured":"Herzog J, Hamel W, Wenzelburger R, Potter M, Pinsker MO, Bartussek J, Morsnowski A, Steigerwald F, Deuschl G, Volkmann J (2007b) Kinematic analysis of thalamic versus subthalamic neurostimulation in postural and intention tremor. Brain 130:1608\u20131625","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"170_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(83)90012-2","volume":"7","author":"B Hutchins","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hutchins B, Weber JT (1983) A rapid myelin stain for frozen sections: modification of the Heidenhain procedure. J Neurosci Methods 7:289\u2013294","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"170_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440407","volume":"44","author":"WD Hutchison","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hutchison WD, Allan RJ, Opitz H, Levy R, Dostrovsky JO, Lang AE, Lozano AM (1998) Neurophysiological identification of the subthalamic nucleus in surgery for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol 44:622\u2013628","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902620303","volume":"262","author":"IA Ilinsky","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ilinsky IA, Kultas-Ilinsky K (1987) Sagittal cytoarchitectonic maps of the Macaca mulatta thalamus with a revised nomenclature of the motor-related nuclei validated by observations on their connectivity. J Comp Neurol 262:331\u2013364","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902360304","volume":"236","author":"IA Ilinsky","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ilinsky IA, Jouandet ML, Goldman-Rakic PS (1985) Organization of the nigrothalamocortical system in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 236:315\u2013330","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1159\/000100590","volume":"60","author":"IA Ilinsky","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ilinsky IA, Tourtellotte WG, Kultas-Ilinsky K (1993) Anatomical distinctions between the two basal ganglia afferent territories in the primate motor thalamus. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 60:62\u201369","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"170_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90505-3","volume":"180","author":"M Inase","year":"1994","unstructured":"Inase M, Tanji J (1994) Projections from the globus pallidus to the thalamic areas projecting to the dorsal area 6 of the macaque monkey: a multiple tracing study. Neurosci Lett 180:135\u2013137","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"170_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903530309","volume":"353","author":"M Inase","year":"1995","unstructured":"Inase M, Tanji J (1995) Thalamic distribution of projection neurons to the primary motor cortex relative to afferent terminal fields from the globus pallidus in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 353:415\u2013426","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"170_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.2.363","volume":"119","author":"D Jeanmonod","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jeanmonod D, Magnin M, Morel A (1996) Low-threshold calcium spike bursts in the human thalamus. Common physiopathology for sensory, motor and limbic positive symptoms. Brain 119(Pt 2):363\u2013375","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"170_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000100184","volume":"54\u201355","author":"EG Jones","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jones EG (1990) Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 54\u201355:1\u201320","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"170_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10312","volume":"450","author":"C Karachi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Karachi C, Francois C, Parain K, Bardinet E, Tande D, Hirsch E, Yelnik J (2002) Three-dimensional cartography of functional territories in the human striatopallidal complex by using calbindin immunoreactivity. J Comp Neurol 450:122\u2013134","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR45","first-page":"137","volume":"87","author":"K Kobayashi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kobayashi K, Katayama Y, Kasai M, Oshima H, Fukaya C, Yamamoto T (2003) Localization of thalamic cells with tremor-frequency activity in Parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor. Acta Neurochir Suppl 87:137\u2013139","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"170_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901510302","volume":"151","author":"JS Kuo","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kuo JS, Carpenter MB (1973) Organization of pallidothalamic projections in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 151:201\u2013236","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"170_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.3.531","volume":"117","author":"FA Lenz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lenz FA, Kwan HC, Martin RL, Tasker RR, Dostrovsky JO, Lenz YE (1994) Single unit analysis of the human ventral thalamic nuclear group. Tremor-related activity in functionally identified cells. Brain 117(Pt 3):531\u2013543","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"170_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11888","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502710102","volume":"102","author":"M Levesque","year":"2005","unstructured":"Levesque M, Parent A (2005) The striatofugal fiber system in primates: a reevaluation of its organization based on single-axon tracing studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11888\u201311893","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"170_CR49","first-page":"167","volume":"74","author":"AM Lozano","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lozano AM, Lang AE, Hutchison WD, Dostrovsky JO (1997) Microelectrode recording-guided posteroventral pallidotomy in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Adv Neurol 74:167\u2013174","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903450407","volume":"345","author":"E Lynd-Balta","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lynd-Balta E, Haber SN (1994) Primate striatonigral projections: a comparison of the sensorimotor-related striatum and the ventral striatum. J Comp Neurol 345:562\u2013578","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00583-7","volume":"96","author":"M Magnin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Magnin M, Morel A, Jeanmonod D (2000) Single-unit analysis of the pallidum, thalamus and subthalamic nucleus in parkinsonian patients. Neuroscience 96:549\u2013564","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"170_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1017\/S1472928801000024","volume":"1","author":"M Magnin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Magnin M, Jeanmonod D, Morel A, Siegemund M (2001a) Surgical control of the human thalamocortical dysrhythmia: II. Pallidothalamic tractotomy in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Thalamus Relat Syst 1:81\u201389","journal-title":"Thalamus Relat Syst"},{"key":"170_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(01)00261-1","volume":"31","author":"M Magnin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Magnin M, Jetzer U, Morel A, Jeanmonod D (2001b) Microelectrode recording and macrostimulation in thalamic and subthalamic MRI guided stereotactic surgery. Neurophysiol Clin 31:230\u2013238","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"key":"170_CR54","volume-title":"Atlas of the human brain","author":"JK Mai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mai JK, Assheuer J, Paxinos G (2004) Atlas of the human brain, 2nd edn. Elsevier, San Diego","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"170_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901170104","volume":"117","author":"A Martinez","year":"1961","unstructured":"Martinez A (1961) Fiber connections of the globus pallidus in man. J Comp Neurol 117:37\u201341","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960812)372:1<59::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"372","author":"M Matelli","year":"1996","unstructured":"Matelli M, Luppino G (1996) Thalamic input to mesial and superior area 6 in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 372:59\u201387","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200401000-00006","volume":"21","author":"CC McIntyre","year":"2004","unstructured":"McIntyre CC, Savasta M, Walter BL, Vitek JL (2004) How does deep brain stimulation work? Present understanding and future questions. J Clin Neurophysiol 21:40\u201350","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"170_CR58","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Tracing neruonal connections with horseradish peroxidase","author":"MM Mesulam","year":"1982","unstructured":"Mesulam MM (1982) Principles of horseradish peroxidase neurochemistry and their applications for tracing neural pathways-axonal transport, enzyme hsitochemistry and light microscopic analysis. In: Mesulam MM (ed) Tracing neruonal connections with horseradish peroxidase. Wiley, Chichester, pp 1\u2013152"},{"key":"170_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00040-5","volume":"31","author":"FA Middleton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Middleton FA, Strick PL (2000) Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 31:236\u2013250","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"170_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00305.2006","volume":"96","author":"S Miocinovic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miocinovic S, Parent M, Butson CR, Hahn PJ, Russo GS, Vitek JL, McIntyre CC (2006) Computational analysis of subthalamic nucleus and lenticular fasciculus activation during therapeutic deep brain stimulation. J Neurophysiol 96:1569\u20131580","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"170_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3109\/9781420016796","volume-title":"Stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus and basal ganglia","author":"A Morel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morel A (2007) Stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus and basal ganglia. Informa Healthcare, New York"},{"key":"170_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19971103)387:4<588::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"387","author":"A Morel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Morel A, Magnin M, Jeanmonod D (1997) Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus. J Comp Neurol 387:588\u2013630","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1235-6_5","volume-title":"Basal ganglia and thalamus in health and disease","author":"A Morel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Morel A, Magnin M, Jeanmonod D (2001) Efferent connections of the human striatum and pallidum: a nauta degeneration study. In: Kultas-Ilinsky K, Ilinsky I (eds) Basal ganglia and thalamus in health and disease. Kluwer, New York, pp 61\u201365"},{"key":"170_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10096","volume":"443","author":"A Morel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morel A, Loup F, Magnin M, Jeanmonod D (2002) Neurochemical organization of the human basal ganglia: anatomofunctional territories defined by the distributions of calcium-binding proteins and SMI-32. J Comp Neurol 443:86\u2013103","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1159\/000104030","volume":"26","author":"F Mundinger","year":"1965","unstructured":"Mundinger F (1965) Stereotaxic interventions on the zona incerta area for treatment of extrapyramidal motor disturbances and their results. Confin Neurol 26:222\u2013230","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(66)90103-X","volume":"1","author":"WJ Nauta","year":"1966","unstructured":"Nauta WJ, Mehler WR (1966) Projections of the lentiform nucleus in the monkey. Brain Res 1:3\u201342","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"170_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-1931(00)00028-8","volume":"23","author":"JA Obeso","year":"2000","unstructured":"Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Rodriguez M, Lanciego JL, Artieda J, Gonzalo N, Olanow CW (2000) Pathophysiology of the basal ganglia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Trends Neurosci 23:S8\u2013S19","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"170_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90222-6","volume":"278","author":"A Parent","year":"1983","unstructured":"Parent A, De Bellefeuille L (1983) The pallidointralaminar and pallidonigral projections in primate as studied by retrograde double-labeling method. Brain Res 278:11\u201327","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"170_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(94)00007-C","volume":"20","author":"A Parent","year":"1995","unstructured":"Parent A, Hazrati LN (1995a) Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 20:91\u2013127","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"170_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(94)00008-D","volume":"20","author":"A Parent","year":"1995","unstructured":"Parent A, Hazrati LN (1995b) Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. II. The place of subthalamic nucleus and external pallidum in basal ganglia circuitry. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 20:128\u2013154","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"170_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.02.007","volume":"10","author":"M Parent","year":"2004","unstructured":"Parent M, Parent A (2004) The pallidofugal motor fiber system in primates. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 10:203\u2013211","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"170_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1340","volume":"439","author":"M Parent","year":"2001","unstructured":"Parent M, Levesque M, Parent A (2001) Two types of projection neurons in the internal pallidum of primates: single-axon tracing and three-dimensional reconstruction. J Comp Neurol 439:162\u2013175","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000100588","volume":"60","author":"G Percheron","year":"1993","unstructured":"Percheron G, Francois C, Talbi B, Meder JF, Fenelon G, Yelnik J (1993) The primate motor thalamus analysed with reference to subcortical afferent territories. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 60:32\u201341","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"170_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(96)00003-3","volume":"22","author":"G Percheron","year":"1996","unstructured":"Percheron G, Francois C, Talbi B, Yelnik J, Fenelon G (1996) The primate motor thalamus. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 22:93\u2013181","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"170_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl127","volume":"129","author":"P Plaha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Plaha P, Ben-Shlomo Y, Patel NK, Gill SS (2006) Stimulation of the caudal zona incerta is superior to stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in improving contralateral parkinsonism. Brain 129:1732\u20131747","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"170_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1939.02270240097006","volume":"42","author":"SW Ranson","year":"1939","unstructured":"Ranson SW, Ranson M (1939) Pallidofugal fibers in the monkey. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatr 42:1059\u20131067","journal-title":"AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"170_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903450204","volume":"345","author":"EM Rouiller","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rouiller EM, Liang F, Babalian A, Moret V, Wiesendanger M (1994) Cerebellothalamocortical and pallidothalamocortical projections to the primary and supplementary motor cortical areas: a multiple tracing study in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 345:185\u2013213","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960429)368:2<215::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-6","volume":"368","author":"ST Sakai","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sakai ST, Inase M, Tanji J (1996) Comparison of cerebellothalamic and pallidothalamic projections in the monkey (Macaca fuscata): a double anterograde labeling study. J Comp Neurol 368:215\u2013228","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290050204","volume":"199","author":"ST Sakai","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sakai ST, Inase M, Tanji J (1999) Pallidal and cerebellar inputs to thalamocortical neurons projecting to the supplementary motor area in Macaca fuscata: a triple-labeling light microscopic study. Anat Embryol (Berl) 199:9\u201319","journal-title":"Anat Embryol (Berl)"},{"key":"170_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(20000207)417:2<164::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-6","volume":"417","author":"ST Sakai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sakai ST, Stepniewska I, Qi HX, Kaas JH (2000) Pallidal and cerebellar afferents to pre-supplementary motor area thalamocortical neurons in the owl monkey: a multiple labeling study. J Comp Neurol 417:164\u2013180","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR81","volume-title":"Introduction to stereotaxis with an atlas of the human brain","author":"G Schaltenbrand","year":"1959","unstructured":"Schaltenbrand G, Bailey P (1959) Introduction to stereotaxis with an atlas of the human brain. Thieme, Stuttgart"},{"key":"170_CR82","volume-title":"Atlas for stereotaxy of the human brain","author":"G Schaltenbrand","year":"1977","unstructured":"Schaltenbrand G, Wahren W (1977) Atlas for stereotaxy of the human brain. Thieme, Stuttgart"},{"key":"170_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(96)00022-X","volume":"73","author":"E Shink","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shink E, Bevan MD, Bolam JP, Smith Y (1996) The subthalamic nucleus and the external pallidum: two tightly interconnected structures that control the output of the basal ganglia in the monkey. Neuroscience 73:335\u2013357","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"170_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970609)382:3<348::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"382","author":"E Shink","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shink E, Sidibe M, Smith Y (1997) Efferent connections of the internal globus pallidus in the squirrel monkey: II. Topography and synaptic organization of pallidal efferents to the pedunculopontine nucleus. J Comp Neurol 382:348\u2013363","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970609)382:3<323::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"382","author":"M Sidibe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sidibe M, Bevan MD, Bolam JP, Smith Y (1997) Efferent connections of the internal globus pallidus in the squirrel monkey: I. Topography and synaptic organization of the pallidothalamic projection. J Comp Neurol 382:323\u2013347","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10247","volume":"447","author":"M Sidibe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sidibe M, Pare JF, Smith Y (2002) Nigral and pallidal inputs to functionally segregated thalamostriatal neurons in the centromedian\/parafascicular intralaminar nuclear complex in monkey. J Comp Neurol 447:286\u2013299","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"170_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1954.02320410060005","volume":"71","author":"EA Spiegel","year":"1954","unstructured":"Spiegel EA, Wycis HT (1954) Ansotomy in paralysis agitans. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry 71:598\u2013614","journal-title":"AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"170_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1963.20.10.0871","volume":"20","author":"EA Spiegel","year":"1963","unstructured":"Spiegel EA, Wycis HT, Szekely EG, Adams DJ, Flanagan M, Baird HW 3rd (1963) Campotomy in various extrapyramidal disorders. J Neurosurg 20:871\u2013884","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"170_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.36.2.0184","volume":"36","author":"FC Velasco","year":"1972","unstructured":"Velasco FC, Molina-Negro P, Bertrand C, Hardy J (1972) Further definition of the subthalamic target for arrest of tremor. J Neurosurg 36:184\u2013191","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"170_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.6.1027","volume":"88","author":"JL Vitek","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vitek JL, Bakay RA, Hashimoto T, Kaneoke Y, Mewes K, Zhang JY, Rye D, Starr P, Baron M, Turner R, DeLong MR (1998) Microelectrode-guided pallidotomy: technical approach and its application in medically intractable Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurosurg 88:1027\u20131043","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"170_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.96.2.0269","volume":"96","author":"J Voges","year":"2002","unstructured":"Voges J, Volkmann J, Allert N, Lehrke R, Koulousakis A, Freund HJ, Sturm V (2002) Bilateral high-frequency stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus for the treatment of Parkinson disease: correlation of therapeutic effect with anatomical electrode position. J Neurosurg 96:269\u2013279","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"170_CR92","first-page":"285","volume":"12","author":"C Vogt","year":"1909","unstructured":"Vogt C (1909) La my\u00e9loarchitecture du thalamus du cercopith\u00e8que. J Psychol Neur (Lpz) 12:285\u2013324","journal-title":"J Psychol Neur (Lpz)"},{"key":"170_CR93","first-page":"627","volume":"25","author":"C Vogt","year":"1920","unstructured":"Vogt C, Vogt O (1920) Zur Lehre der Erkrankungen des stri\u00e4ren systems. J Psychol Neurol (Lpz) 25:627\u2013846","journal-title":"J Psychol Neurol (Lpz)"},{"key":"170_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02076254","volume":"27","author":"C Monakow Von","year":"1895","unstructured":"Von Monakow C (1895) Experimentelle und pathologische-anatomische Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Haubenregion, den Sehhu\u00a8gel und die Regio subthalamica, nebst Beitr\u00e4gen zur Kenntnis fr\u00fch erworbener Gross- und Kleinhirndefekte. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 27:1\u2013128","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr"},{"key":"170_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07477.x","volume":"991","author":"T Wichmann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wichmann T, DeLong MR (2003) Pathophysiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease: the MPTP primate model of the human disorder. Annu NY Acad Sci 991:199\u2013213","journal-title":"Annu NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"170_CR96","first-page":"77","volume":"51","author":"T Yamamoto","year":"1983","unstructured":"Yamamoto T, Hassler R, Huber C, Wagner A, Sasaki K (1983) Electrophysiological studies on the pallido- and cerebellothalamic projections in squirrel monkeys. Exp Brain Res 51:77\u201387","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"170_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200008000-00005","volume":"47","author":"M Zonenshayn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zonenshayn M, Rezai AR, Mogilner AY, Beric A, Sterio D, Kelly PJ (2000) Comparison of anatomic and neurophysiological methods for subthalamic nucleus targeting. Neurosurgery 47:282\u2013292; discussion 292\u2013284","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"170_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2003.09.039","volume":"62","author":"M Zonenshayn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zonenshayn M, Sterio D, Kelly PJ, Rezai AR, Beric A (2004) Location of the active contact within the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease. Surg Neurol 62:216\u2013225; discussion 225\u2013216","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"}],"container-title":["Brain Structure and Function"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00429-007-0170-0.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]],"date-time":"2019-04-07T10:19:24Z","timestamp":1554632364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00429-007-0170-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,10]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-007-0170-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-2653","1863-2661"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-2653","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2661","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,10]]}}}