{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:06:54Z","timestamp":1777633614226,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005758","name":"UNIVPM","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PSA 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSA 2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Struct Funct"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-021-02244-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T18:02:48Z","timestamp":1615485768000},"page":"1353-1361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hypoxia-induced expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in astrocytes of human corpus callosum"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"226","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3723-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Lorenzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sagrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0044-1714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Montanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Senzacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3791-6325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manrico","family":"Morroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3903-549X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Fabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2244_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2003000400002","volume":"36","author":"F Aboitiz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aboitiz F, Montiel J (2003) One hundred million years of interhemispheric communication: the history of the corpus callosum. Braz J Med Biol Res 36:409\u2013420","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"2244_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2880619","volume":"288","author":"L Agull\u00f3","year":"1992","unstructured":"Agull\u00f3 L, Garc\u00eda A (1992) Characterization of noradrenaline\u2014stimulated cyclic GMP formation in brain astrocytes in culture. Biochem J 288:619\u2013624","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2244_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000246226.89215.a6","volume":"60","author":"R Askalan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Askalan R, Deveber G, Ho M, Ma J, Hawkins C (2006) Astrocytic-inducible nitric oxide synthase in the ischemic developing human brain. Pediatr Res 60:687\u2013692","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2244_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.218","volume":"4","author":"P Barbaresi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barbaresi P, Fabri M, Mens\u00e0 E (2014) NO-producing neurons in the rat corpus callosum. Brain Behav 4:317\u2013336","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"2244_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0205323","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205323","volume":"13","author":"B Breitling","year":"2018","unstructured":"Breitling B, Brunkhorst R, Verhoff M, Foerch C (2018) Post-mortem serum concentrations of GFAP correlate with agony time but do not indicate a primary cerebral cause of death. PLoS ONE 13:e0205323","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2244_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(99)00030-4","volume":"1411","author":"JP Bola\u00f1os","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bola\u00f1os JP, Almeida A (1999) Roles of nitric oxide in brain hypoxia\u2013ischemia. Biochim Biophys Acta 1411:415\u2013436","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2244_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199801000-00008","volume":"18","author":"AO Caggiano","year":"1998","unstructured":"Caggiano AO, Kraig RP (1998) Neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression is induced in neocortical astrocytes after spreading depression. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 18:75\u201387","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2244_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(74)90587-0","volume":"120","author":"EH Cohn","year":"1974","unstructured":"Cohn EH, Sacks EJ, Heymann MA, Rudolph AM (1974) Cardiovascular responses to hypoxemia and acidemia in fetal lambs. Am J Obstet Gynecol 120:817\u2013822","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2244_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5147","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-09-05147.1994","volume":"14","author":"TM Dawson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dawson TM, Snyder SH (1994) Gases as biological messengers: nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in the brain. J Neurosci 14:5147\u20135159","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2244_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251308","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/251308","volume":"2013","author":"M Fabri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fabri M, Polonara G (2013) Functional topography of the human corpus callosum: an fMRI mapping study. Neural Plast 2013:251308","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"2244_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.11.039","volume":"1370","author":"M Fabri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fabri M, Polonara G, Mascioli G, Salvolini U, Manzoni T (2011) Topographical organization of human corpus callosum: an fMRI mapping study. Brain Res 1370:99\u2013111","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2244_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"031411","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.3.3.031411","volume":"3","author":"S Fantini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fantini S, Sassaroli A, Tgavalekos KT, Kornbluth J (2016) Cerebral blood flow and autoregulation: current measurement techniques and prospects for noninvasive optical methods. Neurophotonics 3:031411","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"2244_CR13","first-page":"55108","volume":"128","author":"Y Ferrer-Acosta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferrer-Acosta Y, Gonzalez-Vega MN, Rivera-Aponte DE, Martinez-Jimenez SM, Martins AH (2017) Monitoring astrocyte reactivity and proliferation in vitro under ischemic-like conditions. J Vis Exp 128:55108","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"2244_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00239","volume":"8","author":"JR Gawryluk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gawryluk JR, Mazerolle EL, D\u2019Arcy RC (2014) Does functional MRI detect activation in white matter? A review of emerging evidence, issues, and future directions. Front Neurosci 8:239","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2244_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-012-0880-5","volume":"90","author":"JJ Ho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ho JJ, Man HS, Marsden PA (2012) Nitric oxide signaling in hypoxia. J Mol Med 90:217\u2013231","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"2244_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1387","volume":"5","author":"C Iadecola","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iadecola C (2004) Neurovascular regulation in the normal brain and in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 5:347\u2013360","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2244_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07400.x","volume":"32","author":"N Jovanov-Milosevic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jovanov-Milosevic N, Petanjek Z, Petrovic D, Judas M, Kostovic I (2010) Morphology, molecular phenotypes and distribution of neurons in developing human corpus callosum. Eur J Neurosci 32:1423\u20131432","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2244_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E621","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz236","volume":"85","author":"T Lorenzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lorenzi T, Sagrati A, Montanari E, Tagliabracci A, Barbaresi P, Fabri M, Morroni M (2019) Letter: the indusium griseum: anatomic study with potential application to callosotomy. Neurosurgery 85:E621\u2013E622","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"557","key":"2244_CR19","first-page":"564","volume":"130","author":"S Malobabic\u2019","year":"1984","unstructured":"Malobabic\u2019 S, Bogdanovic\u2032 D, Drekic\u2019 D (1984) On the neurons with dendrites intermingling with the fibers of the human corpus callosum: a golgi picture. Gegenbaurs Morph Jahrb 130:557\u2013564","journal-title":"Gegenbaurs Morph Jahrb"},{"key":"2244_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19970515)48:4<372::AID-JNR9>3.0.CO;2-8","volume":"48","author":"JE Merrill","year":"1997","unstructured":"Merrill JE, Murphy SP, Mitrovic B, Mackenzie-Graham A, Dopp JC, Ding M, Griscavage J, Ignarro LJ, Lowenstein CJ (1997) Inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production by oligodendrocytes. J Neurosci Res 48:372\u2013384","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"2244_CR21","first-page":"50","volume":"6","author":"Q Perrenoud","year":"2012","unstructured":"Perrenoud Q, Rossier J, F\u00e9r\u00e9zou I, Geoffroy H, Gallopin T, Vitalis T, Rancillac A (2012) Activation of cortical 5-HT3 receptor-expressing interneurons induces NO mediated vasodilatations and NPY mediated vasoconstrictions. Front Neural Circuits 6:50","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuits"},{"key":"2244_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.08.009","volume":"71","author":"GC Petzold","year":"2011","unstructured":"Petzold GC, Murthy VN (2011) Role of astrocytes in neurovascular coupling. Neuron 71:782\u2013797","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2244_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12136","volume":"25","author":"G Polonara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Polonara G, Mascioli G, Foschi N, Salvolini U, Pierpaoli C, Manzoni T, Fabri M, Barbaresi P (2015) Further evidence for the topography and connectivity of the corpus callosum: an fMRI study of patients with partial callosal resection. J Neuroimaging 25:465\u2013473","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2244_CR24","volume-title":"Istituzioni di Medicina Legale","author":"C Puccini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Puccini C (2007) Istituzioni di Medicina Legale. CEA, Milano"},{"key":"2244_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2388-4","volume":"582","author":"H Qian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qian H, Kang X, Hu J, Zhang D, Liang Z, Meng F, Zhang X, Xue Y, Maimon R, Dowdy SF, Devaraj NK, Zhou Z, Mobley WC, Cleveland DW, Fu X-D (2020) Reversing a model of Parkinson\u2019s disease with in situ converted nigral neurons. Nature 582:550\u2013577","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2244_CR26","first-page":"216","volume-title":"Research on the cerebral circulation. fifth international salzburg conference","author":"M Revich","year":"1972","unstructured":"Revich M, Brann AW Jr, Shapiro H, Myers RE (1972) Regional cerebral blood low during prolonged partial asphyxia. In: Meyer JS, Revich M, Lechner H, Eichorn O (eds) Research on the cerebral circulation. fifth international salzburg conference. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, pp 216\u2013227"},{"key":"2244_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s11055-010-9295-3","volume":"40","author":"AV Revishchin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Revishchin AV, Okhotin VE, Korochkin LI, Pavlova GV (2010) A new population of calretinin-positive cells, presumptively neurons, with polymorphous spines in the mouse forebrain. Neurosci Behav Physiol 40:541\u2013552","journal-title":"Neurosci Behav Physiol"},{"key":"2244_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03305.x","volume":"19","author":"BM Riederer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Riederer BM, Berbel P, Innocenti GM (2004) Neurons in the corpus callosum of the cat during postnatal development. Eur J Neurosci 19:2039\u20132046","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2244_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2012.00004","volume":"6","author":"KS Rockland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rockland KS, Nayyar N (2012) Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH-diaphorase with blood vessels in the adult monkey corpus callosum. Front Neural Circuits 6:4","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuits"},{"key":"2244_CR30","unstructured":"Sagrati A, Lorenzi T, Montanari E, Tagliabracci A, Barbaresi P, Morroni M, Fabri M (2018) Morfological and neurochemical analysis of the human corpus callosum. 69th congress of the physiological society of Italy (SIF 2018), Firenze, September 19\u201321"},{"key":"2244_CR31","unstructured":"Sagrati A, Lorenzi T, Montanari E, Tagliabracci A, Barbaresi P, Morroni M, Fabri M (2019) Quantification and characterization of nitric oxide neurons in human corpus callosum. In: Joint meeting of the federation of european physiological societies (FEPS) and the Italian physiological society (SIF), Bologna, September 10\u201313"},{"key":"2244_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1177\/0025817219861277","volume":"87","author":"P Santoro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santoro P, La Russa R, Besi L, Voloninno G, dell\u2019Aquila M, De Matties A, Maiese A (2019) The forensic approach to plastic bag suffocation: case reports and review of the literature. Med Leg J 87:214\u2013220","journal-title":"Med Leg J"},{"issue":"1639","key":"2244_CR33","first-page":"1646","volume":"130","author":"R Scendoni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scendoni R, Ferrante L, Stramazzotti D, Tagliabracci A (2016) Analysis of immunohistochemical expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase for the evaluation of agonal time in forensic medicine. Int J Leg Med 130:1639\u20131646","journal-title":"Int J Leg Med"},{"key":"2244_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08328.x","volume":"59","author":"ML Simmons","year":"1992","unstructured":"Simmons ML, Murphy S (1992) Induction of nitric oxide synthase in glial cells. J Neurochem 59:897\u2013905","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2244_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0264-8","volume":"21","author":"X Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu X, Nagai J, Khakh BS (2020) Improved tools to study astrocytes. Nat Rev Neurosci 21:121\u2013138","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2244_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91574-1","volume":"654","author":"ZG Zhang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zhang ZG, Chopp M, Gautam S, Zaloga C, Zhang RL, Schmidt HH, Pollock JS, F\u00f6rstermann U (1994) Upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and mRNA, and selective sparing of nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons after focal cerebral ischemia in rat. Brain Res 654:85\u201395","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2244_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.35.040195.001241","volume":"35","author":"J Zhang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zhang J, Snyder SH (1995) Nitric oxide in the nervous system. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 35:213\u2013233","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"2244_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.024","volume":"181","author":"H Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou H, Su J, Hu X, Zhou C, Li H, Chen Z, Xiao Q, Wang B, Wu W, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Tang C, Liu F, Wang L, Feng C, Liu M, Li S, Zhang Y, Xu H, Yao H, Shi L, Yang H (2020) Glia-to-neuron conversion by CRISPR-CasRx alleviates symptoms of neurological disease in mice. Cell 181:590\u2013603","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Brain Structure and Function"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00429-021-02244-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00429-021-02244-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00429-021-02244-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T05:23:02Z","timestamp":1618032182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00429-021-02244-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-021-02244-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-2653","1863-2661"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-2653","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2661","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in the study were in accordance with the Ethics Committee of Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche and conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All authors consent to the publication of the manuscript in Brain Structure and Function, should the article be accepted by the Editor-in-Chief upon completion of the refereeing process.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}}]}}