{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:06:34Z","timestamp":1759032394269,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeckfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Struct Funct"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-021-02337-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T18:13:02Z","timestamp":1625681582000},"page":"2375-2386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anatomy and histology of the G\u00f6ttingen minipig adenohypophysis with special emphasis on the polypeptide hormones: GH, PRL, and ACTH"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Tvilling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas N.","family":"Glud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1933-3035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Zaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens Christian H.","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0164-9595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten Reidies","family":"Bjarkam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9542-402X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Orlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2337_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/s1042-3680(02)00017-7","volume":"14","author":"AP Amar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amar AP, Weiss MH (2003) Pituitary anatomy and physiology. Neurosurg Clin N Am 14:11\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1042-3680(02)00017-7","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"2337_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-6-1173","volume":"62","author":"BM Arafah","year":"1986","unstructured":"Arafah BM (1986) Reversible hypopituitarism in patients with large nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 62:1173\u20131179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-62-6-1173","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2337_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.79.2.8045946","volume":"79","author":"BM Arafah","year":"1994","unstructured":"Arafah BM, Kailani SH, Nekl KE, Gold RS, Selman WR (1994) Immediate recovery of pituitary function after transsphenoidal resection of pituitary macroadenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79:348\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.79.2.8045946","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2337_CR4","first-page":"360","volume":"106","author":"SL Asa","year":"1982","unstructured":"Asa SL, Penz G, Kovacs K, Ezrin C (1982) Prolactin cells in the human pituitary\u2014a quantitative immuno-cytochemical analysis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 106:360\u2013363","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2337_CR5","first-page":"610","volume":"34","author":"W Bargmann","year":"1949","unstructured":"Bargmann W (1949) The neurosecretory connection between the hypothalamus and the neurohypophysis. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 34:610\u2013634","journal-title":"Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat"},{"key":"2337_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01226918","volume":"1","author":"W Bargmann","year":"1950","unstructured":"Bargmann W, Hild W, Ortmann R, Schiebler TH (1950) Morphologic and experimental studies of the hypothalamohypophyseal system. Acta Neuroveg (wien) 1:233\u2013275","journal-title":"Acta Neuroveg (wien)"},{"key":"2337_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2004.05.004","volume":"139","author":"CR Bjarkam","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bjarkam CR et al (2004) A MRI-compatible stereotaxic localizer box enables high-precision stereotaxic procedures in pigs. J Neurosci Methods 139:293\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2004.05.004","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"2337_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-016-1327-5","author":"CR Bjarkam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bjarkam CR, Glud AN, Orlowski D, Sorensen JC, Palomero-Gallagher N (2016) The telencephalon of the Gottingen minipig, cytoarchitecture and cortical surface anatomy. Brain Struct Funct. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-016-1327-5","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"2337_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-016-1327-5","volume":"222","author":"CR Bjarkam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bjarkam CR, Glud AN, Orlowski D, Sorensen JCH, Palomero-Gallagher N (2017a) The telencephalon of the Gottingen minipig, cytoarchitecture and cortical surface anatomy. Brain Struct Funct 222:2093\u20132114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-016-1327-5","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"2337_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/55511","author":"CR Bjarkam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bjarkam CR, Orlowski D, Tvilling L, Bech J, Glud AN, S\u00f8rensen JCH (2017b) Exposure of the pig CNS for histological analysis: a manual for decapitation, skull opening and brain removal. J Vis Exp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/55511","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"2337_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresprot.2004.09.003","volume":"14","author":"DJ Bonthius","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bonthius DJ, McKim R, Koele L, Harb H, Karacay B, Mahoney J, Pantazis NJ (2004) Use of frozen sections to determine neuronal number in the murine hippocampus and neocortex using the optical disector and optical fractionator. Brain Res Brain Res Protoc 14:45\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresprot.2004.09.003","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Protoc"},{"key":"2337_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/56356","author":"D Cao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cao D, Ma X, Zhang WJ, Xie Z (2017) Dissection and coronal slice preparation of developing mouse pituitary gland. J vis Exp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/56356","journal-title":"J vis Exp"},{"key":"2337_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(70)92423-2","volume":"1","author":"KJ Catt","year":"1970","unstructured":"Catt KJ (1970) Pituitary function. Lancet 1:827\u2013831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(70)92423-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2337_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2018.02.010","volume":"139","author":"AB Christensen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Christensen AB, Sorensen JCH, Ettrup KS, Orlowski D, Bjarkam CR (2018) Pirouetting pigs: a large non-primate animal model based on unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning of the nigrostriatal pathway. Brain Res Bull 139:167\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2018.02.010","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"2337_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/s0047-6374(97)01878-2","volume":"95","author":"GM Console","year":"1997","unstructured":"Console GM, Gomez Dumm CL, Brown OA, Ferese C, Goya RG (1997) Sexual dimorphism in the age changes of the pituitary lactotrophs in rats. Mech Ageing Dev 95:157\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0047-6374(97)01878-2","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"2337_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879x2001000100008","volume":"34","author":"GM Console","year":"2001","unstructured":"Console GM, Jurado SB, Oyhenart E, Ferese C, Pucciarelli H, Dumm CLAG (2001) Morphometric and ultrastructural analysis of different pituitary cell populations in undernourished monkeys. Braz J Med Biol Res 34:65\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0100-879x2001000100008","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"2337_CR17","first-page":"L148","volume":"258","author":"LM Cruz-Orive","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cruz-Orive LM, Weibel ER (1990) Recent stereological methods for cell biology: a brief survey. Am J Physiol 258:L148-156","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2337_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cushing H (1912) The pituitary body and its disorders, clinical states produced by disorders of the hypophysis cerebri. vol x. J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-191212000-00019"},{"key":"2337_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237812","volume":"207","author":"F Dacheux","year":"1980","unstructured":"Dacheux F (1980) Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of prolactin and growth hormone in the porcine pituitary. Cell Tissue Res 207:277\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00237812","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2337_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236251","volume":"215","author":"F Dacheux","year":"1981","unstructured":"Dacheux F (1981) Ultrastructural localization of corticotropin, beta-lipotropin, and alpha- and beta-endorphin in the porcine anterior pituitary. Cell Tissue Res 215:87\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00236251","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2337_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00226960","volume":"235","author":"F Dacheux","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dacheux F (1984) Differentiation of cells producing polypeptide hormones (ACTH, MSH, LPH, alpha- and beta-endorphin, GH and PRL) in the fetal porcine anterior pituitary. Cell Tissue Res 235:615\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00226960","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2337_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00222162","volume":"174","author":"F Dacheux","year":"1976","unstructured":"Dacheux F, Dubois MP (1976) Ultrastructural localization of prolactin, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone by immunocytochemical techniques in the bovine pituitary. Cell Tissue Res 174:245\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00222162","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2337_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1010087","volume":"101","author":"MO Dada","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dada MO, Campbell GT, Blake CA (1984) Pars distalis cell quantification in normal adult male and female rats. J Endocrinol 101:87\u201394","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2337_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2007.06.001","volume":"17","author":"AR de Lima","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Lima AR et al (2007) Muscular dystrophy-related quantitative and chemical changes in adenohypophysis GH-cells in golden retrievers. Growth Horm IGF Res 17:480\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2007.06.001","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"2337_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2018.07.012","volume":"310","author":"OG Deniz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deniz OG, Altun G, Kaplan AA, Yurt KK, von Bartheld CS, Kaplan S (2018) A concise review of optical, physical and isotropic fractionator techniques in neuroscience studies, including recent developments. J Neurosci Methods 310:45\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2018.07.012","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"2337_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/2652","author":"KS Ettrup","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ettrup KS et al (2011) Basic surgical techniques in the Gottingen minipig: intubation, bladder catheterization, femoral vessel catheterization, and transcardial perfusion. J vis Exp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/2652","journal-title":"J vis Exp"},{"key":"2337_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1159\/000099626","volume":"184","author":"V Filippa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Filippa V, Mohamed F (2006b) Immunohistochemical study of somatotrophs in pituitary pars distalis of male viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) in relation to the gonadal activity. Cells Tissues Organs 184:188\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000099626","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"2337_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2005.11.012","volume":"146","author":"V Filippa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Filippa V, Mohamed F (2006a) ACTH cells of pituitary pars distalis of viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus): immunohistochemical study in relation to season, sex, and growth. Gen Comp Endocrinol 146:217\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygcen.2005.11.012","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"2337_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21013","volume":"293","author":"V Filippa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Filippa V, Mohamed F (2010) Morphological and morphometric changes of pituitary lactotrophs of viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) in relation to reproductive cycle, age, and sex. Anat Rec (hoboken) 293:150\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.21013","journal-title":"Anat Rec (hoboken)"},{"key":"2337_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/s0739-7240(99)00081-8","volume":"18","author":"SM Francis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Francis SM, Venters SJ, Duxson MJ, Suttie JM (2000) Differences in pituitary cell number but not cell type between genetically lean and fat coopworth sheep. Domest Anim Endocrinol 18:229\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0739-7240(99)00081-8","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"2337_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(88)90302-4","volume":"71","author":"S Garcia-Navarro","year":"1988","unstructured":"Garcia-Navarro S, Malagon MM, Gracia-Navarro F (1988) Immunohistochemical localization of thyrotropic cells during amphibian morphogenesis: a stereological study. Gen Comp Endocrinol 71:116\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-6480(88)90302-4","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"2337_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2011-1867","volume":"71","author":"AN Glud","year":"2011","unstructured":"Glud AN et al (2011) Direct MRI-guided stereotaxic viral mediated gene transfer of alpha-synuclein in the Gottingen minipig CNS. Acta Neurobiol Exp (wars) 71:508\u2013518","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol Exp (wars)"},{"key":"2337_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12484","volume":"19","author":"AN Glud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Glud AN, Bjarkam CR, Azimi N, Johe K, Sorensen JC, Cunningham M (2016) Feasibility of three-dimensional placement of human therapeutic stem cells using the intracerebral microinjection instrument. Neuromodul J Int Neuromodul Soc 19:708\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ner.12484","journal-title":"Neuromodul J Int Neuromodul Soc"},{"key":"2337_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/417684a","volume":"417","author":"S Goodman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Goodman S, Check E (2002) The great primate debate. Nature 417:684\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/417684a","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2337_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1986.tb02764.x","volume":"143","author":"HJ Gundersen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gundersen HJ (1986) Stereology of arbitrary particles. A review of unbiased number and size estimators and the presentation of some new ones, in memory of William R. Thompson. J Microsc 143:3\u201345","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2337_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1987.tb02837.x","volume":"147","author":"HJ Gundersen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gundersen HJ, Jensen EB (1987) The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction. J Microsc 147:229\u2013263","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2337_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1988.tb00954.x","volume":"96","author":"HJ Gundersen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gundersen HJ et al (1988) The new stereological tools: disector, fractionator, nucleator and point sampled intercepts and their use in pathological research and diagnosis. APMIS 96:857\u2013881","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"2337_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1948.28.2.139","volume":"28","author":"GW Harris","year":"1948","unstructured":"Harris GW (1948) Neural control of the pituitary gland. Physiol Rev 28:139\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1948.28.2.139","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2337_CR39","first-page":"25","volume":"451","author":"JJ Heidelbaugh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heidelbaugh JJ (2016) Endocrinology update: hypopituitarism. FP Essentials 451:25\u201330","journal-title":"FP Essentials"},{"key":"2337_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1158\/ajc.1938.423","volume":"33","author":"J Heiman","year":"1938","unstructured":"Heiman J (1938) The anterior pituitary gland in tumor-bearing rats. Am J Cancer 33:423\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/ajc.1938.423","journal-title":"Am J Cancer"},{"key":"2337_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0739-7240(90)90033-v","volume":"7","author":"ML Heiman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Heiman ML, Surface PL, Mowrey DH, DiMarchi RD (1990) Sexual dimorphic porcine pituitary response to growth hormone-releasing hormone. Domest Anim Endocrinol 7:273\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0739-7240(90)90033-v","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"2337_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.006","volume":"51","author":"I Hofmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hofmann I et al (2020) Linkage between growth retardation and pituitary cell morphology in a dystrophin-deficient pig model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Growth Horm IGF Res 51:6\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.006","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"2337_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2015.09.002","volume":"49","author":"GK Hong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong GK, Payne SC, Jane JA Jr (2016) Anatomy, physiology, and laboratory evaluation of the pituitary gland. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 49:21\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2015.09.002","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin N Am"},{"key":"2337_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-009-0334-1","volume":"151","author":"KN Jensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jensen KN, Deding D, Sorensen JC, Bjarkam CR (2009) Long-term implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes in the pontine micturition centre of the Gottingen minipig. Acta Neurochir 151:785\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-009-0334-1","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"2337_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.60.705","volume":"60","author":"S Jurado","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jurado S, Console G, Gomez Dumm C (1998) Sexually dimorphic effects of aging on rat somatotroph cells. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. J Vet Med Sci 60:705\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1292\/jvms.60.705","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"2337_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-005-0119-7","volume":"325","author":"RS Kasper","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kasper RS, Shved N, Takahashi A, Reinecke M, Eppler E (2006) A systematic immunohistochemical survey of the distribution patterns of GH, prolactin, somatolactin, beta-TSH, beta-FSH, beta-LH, ACTH, and Alpha-MSH in the Adenohypophysis of Oreochromis Niloticus, the Nile Tilapia. Cell Tissue Res 325:303\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-005-0119-7","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2337_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-007-9219-7","volume":"17","author":"I Kiki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kiki I, Altunkaynak BZ, Altunkaynak ME, Vuraler O, Unal D, Kaplan S (2007) Effect of high fat diet on the volume of liver and quantitative feature of Kupffer cells in the female rat: a stereological and ultrastructural study. Obes Surg 17:1381\u20131388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11695-007-9219-7","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"2337_CR49","unstructured":"Koeppen BM, Stanton BA, Levy MN, Berne RM (2018) Berne & Levy physiology"},{"key":"2337_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-2760(89)90012-x","volume":"1","author":"K Kovacs","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kovacs K, Horvath E, Asa SL, Stefaneanu L, Sano T (1989) Pituitary cells producing more than one hormone human pituitary adenomas. Trends Endocrinol Metab 1:104\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/1043-2760(89)90012-x","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2337_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.10.060","volume":"998","author":"S Kuwahara","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kuwahara S, Sari DK, Tsukamoto Y, Tanaka S, Sasaki F (2004) Age-related changes in growth hormone (GH) cells in the pituitary gland of male mice are mediated by GH-releasing hormone but not by somatostatin in the hypothalamus. Brain Res 998:164\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.10.060","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2337_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee J-S (2006) Comparative study of immunocytochemical patterns of somatotrophs, mammotrophs, and mammosomatotrophs in the porcine anterior pituitary vol 1875. Digital Repository @ Iowa State University. http:\/\/lib.dr.iastate.edu\/. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31274\/rtd-180813-1876","DOI":"10.31274\/rtd-180813-1876"},{"key":"2337_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-004-0715-8","volume":"122","author":"JS Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee JS, Jeftinija K, Jeftinija S, Stromer MH, Scanes CG, Anderson LL (2004) Immunocytochemical distribution of somatotrophs in porcine anterior pituitary. Histochem Cell Biol 122:571\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00418-004-0715-8","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2337_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2018.02.005","volume":"303","author":"TP Lillethorup","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lillethorup TP et al (2018) Nigrostriatal proteasome inhibition impairs dopamine neurotransmission and motor function in minipigs. Exp Neurol 303:142\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2018.02.005","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2337_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.02.003","volume":"31","author":"NM Lind","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lind NM, Moustgaard A, Jelsing J, Vajta G, Cumming P, Hansen AK (2007) The use of pigs in neuroscience: modeling brain disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 31:728\u2013751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.02.003","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2337_CR45","volume-title":"The human nervous system","author":"JRK Mai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mai JRK, Paxinos G (2012) The human nervous system, 3rd edn. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam","edition":"3"},{"key":"2337_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod39.2.264","volume":"39","author":"JC Meijer","year":"1988","unstructured":"Meijer JC, Trudeau VL, Colenbrander B, Poot P, Erkens JH, Van de Wiel DF (1988) Prolactin in the developing pig. Biol Reprod 39:264\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod39.2.264","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2337_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00215836","volume":"251","author":"S Mikami","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mikami S, Chiba S, Hojo H, Taniguchi K, Kubokawa K, Ishii S (1988) Immunocytochemical studies on the pituitary pars distalis of the Japanese long-fingered bat, Miniopterus schreibersii fuliginosus. Cell Tissue Res 251:291\u2013299","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2337_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.2478\/v10042-009-0104-1","volume":"47","author":"V Milosevic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Milosevic V, Nestorovic N, Terzic M, Ristic N, Ajdzanovic V, Trifunovic S, Sekulic M (2009) Pituitary ACTH cells in female rats after neonatal treatment with SRIH-14. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 47:479\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/v10042-009-0104-1","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"key":"2337_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29282","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16502","volume":"8","author":"LB Mitrofanova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mitrofanova LB, Konovalov PV, Krylova JS, Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM (2017) Plurihormonal cells of normal anterior pituitary: facts and conclusions. Oncotarget 8:29282\u201329299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.16502","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2337_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19699","volume":"317","author":"ME Molitch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Molitch ME (2017) Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas: a review. JAMA 317:516\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.19699","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2337_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2015.02.008","volume":"117","author":"G Musumeci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Musumeci G et al (2015) A journey through the pituitary gland: development, structure and function, with emphasis on embryo-foetal and later development. Acta Histochem 117:355\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acthis.2015.02.008","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"2337_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(91)90061-A","volume":"84","author":"DR Naik","year":"1991","unstructured":"Naik DR, Shirasawa N, Nogami H, Ishikawa H (1991) Immunohistochemistry of the pituitary pars distalis of the musk shrew, Suncus murinus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 84:27\u201335","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"2337_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/18.1.9","volume":"18","author":"PK Nakane","year":"1970","unstructured":"Nakane PK (1970) Classifications of anterior pituitary cell types with immunoenzyme histochemistry. J Histochem Cytochem 18:9\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/18.1.9","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"2337_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-4320(00)00197-4","volume":"64","author":"S Nishimura","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nishimura S, Okano K, Yasukouchi K, Gotoh T, Tabata S, Iwamoto H (2000) Testis developments and puberty in the male Tokara (Japanese native) goat. Anim Reprod Sci 64:127\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-4320(00)00197-4","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2337_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2010-1803","volume":"70","author":"A Norgaard Glud","year":"2010","unstructured":"Norgaard Glud A et al (2010) Direct gene transfer in the Gottingen Minipig CNS Using stereotaxic lentiviral microinjections. Acta Neurobiol Exp (wars) 70:308\u2013315","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol Exp (wars)"},{"key":"2337_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01363","volume":"5","author":"D Orlowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Orlowski D, Glud AN, Palomero-Gallagher N, Sorensen JCH, Bjarkam CR (2019) Online histological atlas of the Gottingen minipig brain. Heliyon 5:e01363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01363","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2337_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02892","volume":"5","author":"LH Orstrup","year":"2019","unstructured":"Orstrup LH et al (2019) Towards a Gottingen minipig model of adult onset growth hormone deficiency: evaluation of stereotactic electrocoagulation method. Heliyon 5:e02892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02892","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2337_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10351","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10351","volume":"7","author":"C Ozone","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ozone C et al (2016) Functional anterior pituitary generated in self-organizing culture of human embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun 7:10351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms10351","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2337_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623315621413","volume":"44","author":"B Peter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peter B, De Rijk EP, Zeltner A, Emmen HH (2016) Sexual maturation in the female Gottingen minipig. Toxicol Pathol 44:482\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0192623315621413","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"2337_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22059","volume":"31","author":"S Raus Balind","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raus Balind S, Manojlovic-Stojanoski M, Milosevic V, Todorovic D, Nikolic L, Petkovic B (2016) Short- and long-term exposure to alternating magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects rat pituitary ACTH cells: stereological study. Environ Toxicol 31:461\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.22059","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"key":"2337_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1159\/000303526","volume":"88","author":"F Rosendal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rosendal F et al (2010) Defining the intercommissural plane and stereotactic coordinates for the Basal Ganglia in the Gottingen minipig brain. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 88:138\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000303526","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"2337_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-123-2-905","volume":"123","author":"F Sasaki","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sasaki F, Iwama Y (1988) Sex difference in prolactin and growth hormone cells in mouse adenohypophysis: stereological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical studies by light and electron microscopy. Endocrinology 123:905\u2013912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endo-123-2-905","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2337_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731109004649","volume":"3","author":"P Sauleau","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sauleau P, Lapouble E, Val-Laillet D, Malbert CH (2009) The pig model in brain imaging and neurosurgery. Anim. Int. J. Anim. Biosci. 3:1138\u20131151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1751731109004649","journal-title":"Anim. Int. J. Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"2337_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1984.tb02501.x","volume":"134","author":"DC Sterio","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sterio DC (1984) The unbiased estimation of number and sizes of arbitrary particles using the disector. J Microsc 134:127\u2013136","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"2337_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.826","volume":"61","author":"JH Tan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tan JH, Sasaki F (2000) Effect of age on immunocytochemical staining characteristics of adenohypophyseal cells in Mongolian pony mares and stallions. Am J Vet Res 61:826\u2013831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.826","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2337_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0265-3","volume":"47","author":"S Trifunovic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trifunovic S, Manojlovic-Stojanoski M, Ajdzanovic V, Nestorovic N, Ristic N, Medigovic I, Milosevic V (2014) Effects of genistein on stereological and hormonal characteristics of the pituitary somatotrophs in rats. Endocrine 47:869\u2013877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-014-0265-3","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2337_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2016.03.005","volume":"118","author":"S Trifunovic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Trifunovic S et al (2016) Effects of prolonged alcohol exposure on somatotrophs and corticotrophs in adult rats: stereological and hormonal study. Acta Histochem 118:353\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acthis.2016.03.005","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"2337_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2017.12.006","volume":"120","author":"S Trifunovic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trifunovic S, Manojlovic-Stojanoski M, Nestorovic N, Ristic N, Sosic-Jurjevic B, Pendovski L, Milosevic V (2018) Histological and morphofunctional parameters of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal system are sensitive to daidzein treatment in the adult rat. Acta Histochem 120:129\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acthis.2017.12.006","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"2337_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1177\/44.5.8627004","volume":"44","author":"J Trouillas","year":"1996","unstructured":"Trouillas J, Guigard MP, Fonlupt P, Souchier C, Girod C (1996) Mapping of corticotropic cells in the normal human pituitary. J Histochem Cytochem 44:473\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/44.5.8627004","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"2337_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(88)90064-4","volume":"42","author":"LJA Vanputten","year":"1988","unstructured":"Vanputten LJA, Vanzwieten MJ, Mattheij JAM, Vankemenade JAM (1988) Studies on prolactin-secreting cells in aging rats of different strains. 1 Alterations in pituitary histology and serum prolactin levels as related to aging. Mech Ageing Dev 42:75\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0047-6374(88)90064-4","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"2337_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000147986","volume":"159","author":"S Vidal","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vidal S, Roman A, Moya L (1997) Description of two types of mammosomatotropes in mink (Mustela vison) adenohypophysis: changes in the population of mammosomatotropes under different physiological conditions. Acta Anat (basel) 159:209\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000147986","journal-title":"Acta Anat (basel)"},{"key":"2337_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-013-9664-7","volume":"50","author":"JF Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang JF et al (2014) Establishment and characterization of dairy cow growth hormone secreting anterior pituitary cell model. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 50:103\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11626-013-9664-7","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim"},{"key":"2337_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0910","volume":"14","author":"H Watanabe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Watanabe H, Andersen F, Simonsen CZ, Evans SM, Gjedde A, Cumming P, DaNe XSG (2001) MR-based statistical atlas of the Gottingen minipig brain. Neuroimage 14:1089\u20131096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/nimg.2001.0910","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2337_CR84","volume-title":"Basic stereology for biologists and neuroscientists","author":"MJ West","year":"2012","unstructured":"West MJ (2012) Basic stereology for biologists and neuroscientists. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"},{"key":"2337_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.top071860","author":"MJ West","year":"2013","unstructured":"West MJ (2013) Tissue shrinkage and stereological studies. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/pdb.top071860","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Protoc"},{"key":"2337_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092310411","volume":"231","author":"MJ West","year":"1991","unstructured":"West MJ, Slomianka L, Gundersen HJ (1991) Unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of neurons in thesubdivisions of the rat hippocampus using the optical fractionator. Anat Rec 231:482\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.1092310411","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"2337_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1741","volume":"157","author":"C Willems","year":"2016","unstructured":"Willems C, Fu Q, Roose H, Mertens F, Cox B, Chen J, Vankelecom H (2016) Regeneration in the pituitary after cell-ablation injury: time-related aspects and molecular analysis. Endocrinology 157:705\u2013721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2015-1741","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2337_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.143.2.377","volume":"143","author":"SM Wolpert","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wolpert SM, Molitch ME, Goldman JA, Wood JB (1984) Size, shape, and appearance of the normal female pituitary gland. AJR Am J Roentgenol 143:377\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.143.2.377","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"}],"container-title":["Brain Structure and Function"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00429-021-02337-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00429-021-02337-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00429-021-02337-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T16:33:12Z","timestamp":1725381192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00429-021-02337-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-021-02337-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-2653","1863-2661"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1863-2653"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1863-2661"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All applicable international, national, and\/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were approved by and in accordance with the ethical standards of the Danish National Council of Animal Research Ethics (protocol number 2016-15-0201-00935).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}