{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T14:40:12Z","timestamp":1759156812403,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation for Talented Scholars, Beijing Normal University","award":["310432101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310432101"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62407005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62407005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23BYY188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23BYY188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Struct Funct"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-025-02977-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T06:03:55Z","timestamp":1752473035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Learning Chinese induces altered resting-state functional connectivity relating to orthographic and phonological processing in adult alphabetic language speakers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Xiaojin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiwang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2977_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr287","volume":"22","author":"J Abutalebi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abutalebi J, Della Rosa PA, Green DW, Hernandez M, Scifo P, Keim R, Cappa SF, Costa A (2012) Bilingualism tunes the anterior cingulate cortex for conflict monitoring. Cereb Cort 22(9):2076\u20132086","journal-title":"Cereb Cort"},{"issue":"4","key":"2977_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1017\/S1366728916000225","volume":"19","author":"J Abutalebi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abutalebi J, Green DW (2016) Neuroimaging of language control in bilinguals: neural adaptation and reserve. Biling Lang Cogn 19(4):689\u2013698","journal-title":"Biling Lang Cogn"},{"issue":"6","key":"2977_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929054021102","volume":"17","author":"JR Binder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Binder JR, Westbury CF, McKiernan KA, Possing ET, Medler DA (2005) Distinct brain systems for processing concrete and abstract concepts. J Cogn Neurosci 17(6):905\u2013917","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2977_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20124","volume":"25","author":"DJ Bolger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bolger DJ, Perfetti CA, Schneider W (2005) Cross-cultural effect on the brain revisited: universal structures plus writing system variation. Human Brain Mapp 25(1):92\u2013104","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"6","key":"2977_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv052","volume":"26","author":"FM Branzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Branzi FM, Della Rosa PA, Canini M, Costa A, Abutalebi J (2016) Language control in bilinguals: monitoring and response selection. Cereb Cort 26(6):2367\u20132380","journal-title":"Cereb Cort"},{"key":"2977_CR6","volume":"15","author":"L Cai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cai L, Xu X, Fan X, Ma J, Fan M, Wang Q, Wu Y, Pan N, Yin Z, Li X (2021) Differences in brain functional networks of executive function between Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals and Mandarin monolinguals. Front Human Neurosci 15:748919","journal-title":"Front Human Neurosci"},{"key":"2977_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.01.042","volume":"148","author":"F Cao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cao F, Sussman BL, Rios V, Yan X, Wang Z, Spray GJ, Mack RM (2017) Different mechanisms in learning different second languages: evidence from English speakers learning Chinese and Spanish. NeuroImage 148:284\u2013295","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"10","key":"2977_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00414","volume":"25","author":"F Cao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cao F, Tao R, Liu L, Perfetti CA, Booth JR (2013) High proficiency in a second language is characterized by greater involvement of the first language network: evidence from Chinese learners of English. J Cogn Neurosci 25(10):1649\u20131663","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2977_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22017","volume":"34","author":"F Cao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cao F, Vu M, Lung Chan DH, Lawrence JM, Harris LN, Guan Q, Xu Y, Perfetti CA (2013) Writing affects the brain network of reading in Chinese: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Human Brain Mapp 34(7):1670\u20131684","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"3","key":"2977_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2234-15.2016","volume":"36","author":"XJ Chai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chai XJ, Berken JA, Barbeau EB, Soles J, Callahan M, Chen J-K, Klein D (2016) Intrinsic functional connectivity in the adult brain and success in second-language learning. J Neurosci 36(3):755\u2013761","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2977_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902320474535","volume":"14","author":"Y Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen Y, Fu S, Iversen SD, Smith SM, Matthews PM (2002) Testing for dual brain processing routes in reading: a direct contrast of Chinese character and pinyin reading using fMRI. J Cogn Neurosci 14(7):1088\u20131098","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2977_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherodath S, Rao C, Midha R, Sumathi T, Singh NCJBL, Cognition (2017) A role for putamen in phonological processing in children. Biling Lang Cogn 20(2):318\u2013326","DOI":"10.1017\/S1366728916000614"},{"key":"2977_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen J (2013) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge"},{"issue":"12","key":"2977_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4108","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20832","volume":"30","author":"JT Crinion","year":"2009","unstructured":"Crinion JT, Green DW, Chung R, Ali N, Grogan A, Price GR, Mechelli A, Price CJ (2009) Neuroanatomical markers of speaking Chinese. Human Brain Mapp 30(12):4108\u20134115","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2977_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.02.063","volume":"132","author":"A D\u0119bska","year":"2016","unstructured":"D\u0119bska A, \u0141uniewska M, Chyl K, Banaszkiewicz A, \u017belechowska A, Wypych M, Marchewka A, Pugh KR, Jednor\u00f3g K (2016) Neural basis of phonological awareness in beginning readers with familial risk of dyslexia\u2014Results from shallow orthography. NeuroImage 132:406\u2013416","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"15","key":"2977_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7565","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811513116","volume":"116","author":"V DeLuca","year":"2019","unstructured":"DeLuca V, Rothman J, Bialystok E, Pliatsikas C (2019) Redefining bilingualism as a spectrum of experiences that differentially affects brain structure and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci 116(15):7565\u20137574","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2977_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11030310","volume":"11","author":"X Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fan X, Wu Y, Cai L, Ma J, Pan N, Xu X, Sun T, Jing J, Li X (2021) The differences in the whole-brain functional network between cantonese-mandarin bilinguals and mandarin monolinguals. Brain Sci 11(3):310","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"2977_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng J, Mak HY, Wang J, Cai Q (2022) How characters are learned leaves its mark on the neural substrates of Chinese reading. Eneuro 9(6)","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0111-22.2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"2977_CR19","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"J Ge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ge J, Gao J-H (2023) A review of functional MRI application for brain research of Chinese language processing. Magn Res Lett 3(1):1\u201313","journal-title":"Magn Res Lett"},{"issue":"9","key":"2977_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-022-00864-3","volume":"38","author":"W Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo W, Geng S, Cao M, Feng J (2022) The brain connectome for Chinese reading. Neurosci Bull 38(9):1097\u20131113","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"2977_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo W, Geng S, Cao M, Feng J (2022b) Functional gradient of the fusiform cortex for Chinese character recognition. Eneuro 9(3)","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0495-21.2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"2977_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.12.002","volume":"110","author":"Z Han","year":"2009","unstructured":"Han Z, Bi Y (2009) Oral spelling and writing in a logographic language: insights from a Chinese dysgraphic individual. Brain Lang 110(1):23\u201328","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"issue":"6","key":"2977_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-022-10263-9","volume":"35","author":"SY Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim SY, Cao F (2022) How does the brain read different scripts? Evidence from English, Korean, and Chinese. Read Writ 35(6):1449\u20131473","journal-title":"Read Writ"},{"issue":"11","key":"2977_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24597","volume":"40","author":"J Klaus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klaus J, Hartwigsen G (2019) Dissociating semantic and phonological contributions of the left inferior frontal gyrus to language production. Human Brain Mapp 40(11):3279\u20133287","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2977_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2018.09.004","volume":"134","author":"J Legault","year":"2019","unstructured":"Legault J, Fang S-Y, Lan Y-J, Li P (2019) Structural brain changes as a function of second language vocabulary training: effects of learning context. Brain Cogn 134:90\u2013102","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"issue":"22","key":"2977_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5175","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac006","volume":"32","author":"H Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li H, Wu J, Marks RA, Huang H, Li L, Dong L, Luo Y-J, Tao W, Ding G (2022) Functional mapping and cooperation between the cerebellum and cerebrum during word reading. Cereb Cort 32(22):5175\u20135190","journal-title":"Cereb Cort"},{"key":"2977_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.05.001","volume":"58","author":"P Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li P, Legault J, Litcofsky KA (2014) Neuroplasticity as a function of second language learning: anatomical changes in the human brain. Cortex 58:301\u2013324","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"2977_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bhae150","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae150","volume":"34","author":"Z Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin Z, Li X, Qi G, Yang J, Sun H, Guo Q, Wu J, Xu M (2024) Phonological properties of logographic words modulate brain activation in bilinguals: a comparative study of Chinese characters and Japanese Kanji. Cereb Cort 34(4):bhae150","journal-title":"Cereb Cort"},{"key":"2977_CR29","volume":"150","author":"C Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu C, Jiao L, Li Z, Timmer K, Wang R (2021) Language control network adapts to second language learning: a longitudinal rs-fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 150:107688","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"2977_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.10.014","volume":"40","author":"C Liu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liu C, Zhang W-T, Tang Y-Y, Mai X-Q, Chen H-C, Tardif T, Luo Y-J (2008) The visual word form area: evidence from an fMRI study of implicit processing of Chinese characters. NeuroImage 40(3):1350\u20131361","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"16","key":"2977_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5066","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26075","volume":"43","author":"CY Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu CY, Tao R, Qin L, Matthews S, Siok WT (2022) Functional connectivity during orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing of Chinese characters identifies distinct visuospatial and phonosemantic networks. Human Brain Mapp 43(16):5066\u20135080","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2977_CR32","volume":"245","author":"X Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu X, Gao Z, Liu W, He X, Wang N (2023) AoA-L2 and Usage-L2 modulate the functional neuroplasticity of the subcortex. Brain Lang 245:105323","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"2977_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01189","volume":"11","author":"X Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu X, Tu L, Chen X, Zhong M, Niu M, Zhao L, Lu Z, Huang R (2020) Dynamic language network in early and late Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals. Front Psychol 11:1189","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2977_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11763","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12116-w","volume":"7","author":"V Marian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marian V, Bartolotti J, Rochanavibhata S, Bradley K, Hernandez AE (2017) Bilingual cortical control of between-and within-language competition. Sci Rep 7(1):11763","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2977_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-015-9318-2","volume":"28","author":"CA McBride","year":"2016","unstructured":"McBride CA (2016) Is Chinese special? Four aspects of Chinese literacy acquisition that might distinguish learning Chinese from learning alphabetic orthographies. Educ Psychol Rev 28:523\u2013549","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2977_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1162\/089892904322984571","volume":"16","author":"P Nixon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nixon P, Lazarova J, Hodinott-Hill I, Gough P, Passingham R (2004) The inferior frontal gyrus and phonological processing: an investigation using rTMS. J Cogn Neurosci 16(2):289\u2013300","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2977_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00787","volume":"7","author":"M Oberhuber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oberhuber M, Parker Jones \u014c, Hope TM, Prejawa S, Seghier ML, Green DW, Price CJ (2013) Functionally distinct contributions of the anterior and posterior putamen during sublexical and lexical reading. Front Human Neurosci 7:787","journal-title":"Front Human Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2977_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0441","volume":"10","author":"RA Poldrack","year":"1999","unstructured":"Poldrack RA, Wagner AD, Prull MW, Desmond JE, Glover GH, Gabrieli JD (1999) Functional specialization for semantic and phonological processing in the left inferior prefrontal cortex. NeuroImage 10(1):15\u201335","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2977_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.04.062","volume":"62","author":"CJ Price","year":"2012","unstructured":"Price CJ (2012) A review and synthesis of the first 20 years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading. NeuroImage 62(2):816\u2013847","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2977_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.07.009","volume":"108","author":"E Rossi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rossi E, Newman S, Kroll JF, Diaz MT (2018) Neural signatures of inhibitory control in bilingual spoken production. Cortex 108:50\u201366","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"8","key":"2977_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00240","volume":"24","author":"AA Schlegel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schlegel AA, Rudelson JJ, Tse PU (2012) White matter structure changes as adults learn a second language. J Cogn Neurosci 24(8):1664\u20131670","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2977_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13091231","volume":"13","author":"Y Sheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sheng Y, Yang S, Rao J, Zhang Q, Li J, Wang D, Zheng W (2023) Age of bilingual onset shapes the dynamics of functional connectivity and laterality in the resting-state. Brain Sci 13(9):1231","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2977_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(13)80216-X","volume":"29","author":"PJ Snyder","year":"1993","unstructured":"Snyder PJ, Harris LJ (1993) Handedness, sex, familial sinistrality effects on spatial tasks. Cortex 29(1):115\u2013134","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2977_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116306","volume":"205","author":"S Sulpizio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sulpizio S, Del Maschio N, Del Mauro G, Fedeli D, Abutalebi J (2020) Bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networks. NeuroImage 205:116306","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5","key":"2977_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2018.1466302","volume":"22","author":"C Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun C, Branum-Martin L, Peng P, Tao S (2018) Phonology, orthography, and decoding skills within and across English and Chinese. Sci Stud Read 22(5):401\u2013419","journal-title":"Sci Stud Read"},{"issue":"1","key":"2977_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200101220-00024","volume":"12","author":"LH Tan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tan LH, Feng C-M, Fox PT, Gao J-H (2001) An fMRI study with written Chinese. Neuroreport 12(1):83\u201388","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"1","key":"2977_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20134","volume":"25","author":"LH Tan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tan LH, Laird AR, Li K, Fox PT (2005) Neuroanatomical correlates of phonological processing of Chinese characters and alphabetic words: a meta-analysis. Human Brain Mapp 25(1):83\u201391","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"5","key":"2977_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0749","volume":"13","author":"LH Tan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tan LH, Liu H-L, Perfetti CA, Spinks JA, Fox PT, Gao J-H (2001) The neural system underlying Chinese logograph reading. NeuroImage 13(5):836\u2013846","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"2977_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10089","volume":"18","author":"LH Tan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tan LH, Spinks JA, Feng CM, Siok WT, Perfetti CA, Xiong J, Fox PT, Gao JH (2003) Neural systems of second language reading are shaped by native language. Human Brain Mapp 18(3):158\u2013166","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"1","key":"2977_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(200005)10:1<16::AID-HBM30>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"10","author":"LH Tan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tan LH, Spinks JA, Gao JH, Liu HL, Perfetti CA, Xiong J, Stofer KA, Pu Y, Liu Y, Fox PT (2000) Brain activation in the processing of Chinese characters and words: a functional MRI study. Human Brain Mapp 10(1):16\u201327","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2977_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2018.07.005","volume":"49","author":"M-Y Tian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tian M-Y, Chen B-G, Yang H-Y, Bi H-Y (2019) Chinese phonological consistency effect in native and second language learners of Chinese: an fMRI study. J Neuroling 49:202\u2013213","journal-title":"J Neuroling"},{"issue":"2","key":"2977_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.02.025","volume":"46","author":"K Tsapkini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsapkini K, Rapp B (2010) The orthography-specific functions of the left fusiform gyrus: evidence of modality and category specificity. Cortex 46(2):185\u2013205","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2977_CR53","volume":"13","author":"L Tu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tu L, Zhou F, Omata K, Li W, Huang R, Gao W, Zhu Z, Li Y, Liu C, Mao M (2022) Increased gray matter volume induced by Chinese language acquisition in adult alphabetic language speakers. Front Psychol 13:824219","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2977_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.014","volume":"130","author":"Z Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Z, Yan X, Liu Y, Spray GJ, Deng Y, Cao F (2019) Structural and functional abnormality of the putamen in children with developmental dyslexia. Neuropsychologia 130:26\u201337","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2977_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.047","volume":"63","author":"C-Y Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu C-Y, Ho M-HR, Chen S-HA (2012) A meta-analysis of fMRI studies on Chinese orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing. NeuroImage 63(1):381\u2013391","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2977_CR56","volume":"65","author":"J Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan J, Li W, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Jin Z, Li L (2023) Precuneus stimulation alters abstract verbal memory encoding. J Neuroling 65:101107","journal-title":"J Neuroling"},{"key":"2977_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-021-02218-7","volume":"226","author":"Q Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan Q, Wu J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Chen M, Ding G, Lu C, Guo T (2021) Patterns and networks of language control in bilingual language production. Brain Struct Funct 226:963\u2013977","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"5","key":"2977_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1042.2023.00747","volume":"31","author":"C Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang C, Ye J, Yang J (2023) Brain mechanism underlying learning Chinese as a second language. Adv Psychol Sci 31(5):747","journal-title":"Adv Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2977_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23222","volume":"37","author":"W Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang W, Wang J, Fan L, Zhang Y, Fox PT, Eickhoff SB, Yu C, Jiang T (2016) Functional organization of the fusiform gyrus revealed with connectivity profiles. Human Brain Mapp 37(8):3003\u20133016","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"2","key":"2977_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.04.075","volume":"478","author":"J Zhao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhao J, Liu J, Li J, Liang J, Feng L, Lin A, Tian J (2010) Inversion effect in the visual processing of Chinese character: an fMRI study. Neurosci Lett 478(2):107\u2013111","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2977_CR61","volume":"68","author":"L Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao L, Tu L, Zhang M, Liu X, Pan X, Wang J, Lu Z, Niu M, Li S, Zhou F (2023) The effects of second-language age of acquisition on brain structural networks: a DTI study of high-proficient bilinguals. J Neuroling 68:101155","journal-title":"J Neuroling"},{"key":"2977_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2017.04.001","volume":"44","author":"R Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao R, Fan R, Liu M, Wang X, Yang J (2017) Rethinking the function of brain regions for reading Chinese characters in a meta-analysis of fMRI studies. J Neuroling 44:120\u2013133","journal-title":"J Neuroling"}],"container-title":["Brain Structure and Function"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00429-025-02977-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00429-025-02977-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00429-025-02977-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T14:17:07Z","timestamp":1759155427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00429-025-02977-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-025-02977-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-2661"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1863-2661"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Jinan University. The patients\/participants provided written informed consent to participate in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s) and minor(s) legal guardian\/next of kin for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"118"}}