{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:13:22Z","timestamp":1792782802419,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Melbourne","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Struct Funct"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The thalamus, an essential hub for cognitive integration across distributed brain networks, has emerged as a key structure implicated in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, while white matter microstructural injury is considered a core pathophysiological substrate of mTBI, few studies have examined thalamocortical microstructure following injury. The present study applied an advanced diffusion MRI-based white matter microstructural model, fixel-based analysis (FBA), to examine thalamocortical white matter microstructure and its associations with cognitive performance at approximately two-months following mTBI. The final analysed dataset included 39 mTBI patients and 28 trauma control (TC) patients aged 18\u201360 years, who were recruited following hospital admission for physical injury. Participants completed a range of cognitive tests and an MRI protocol including diffusion weighted sequences at 6\u201312 weeks following injury. Thalamocortical tracts were delineated bilaterally using the TractSeg algorithm, an automated white matter bundle segmentation tool. While whole-brain FBA showed no statistically significant differences in fixel metrics between groups, tract-based analyses showed that mTBI was associated with reduced fibre density (FD) of the right thalamo-precentral (BF\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20096.849), right thalamo-parietal (BF\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20093.708) and left thalamo-precentral (BF\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.276) tracts. Despite these structural differences, the groups were comparable with respect to performance on cognitive tests. However, models with interaction effects indicated that associations between thalamocortical FD and cognitive performance differed between groups, most frequently on measures of processing speed and attention. Together, these findings indicate at this stage of recovery, changes in white matter microstructure are detectable in thalamocortical tracts, and that structure-cognition relationships may differ between mTBI and TC groups even in the absence of objective cognitive impairment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-026-03193-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:08:37Z","timestamp":1790424517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thalamocortical white matter microstructure and cognition following mild traumatic brain injury: A fixel-based analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"Maggie","family":"Baird","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc L.","family":"Seal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Beare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph Yuan-Mou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline F. I.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3193_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/htr.0000000000001066","volume":"40","author":"JF Anderson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Anderson JF, Jordan AS (2025) The relationship between sex, fatigue, and post-concussion symptoms differs between those with mild traumatic brain injury versus trauma control and healthy control participants. J Head Trauma Rehabil 40(6):459\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/htr.0000000000001066","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"3193_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278908","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1278908","volume":"14","author":"JF Anderson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anderson JF, Oehr LE, Chen J, Maller JJ, Seal ML, Yang JY-M (2023) The relationship between cognition and white matter tract damage after mild traumatic brain injury in a premorbidly healthy, hospitalised adult cohort during the post-acute period. Front Neurol 14:1278908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1278908","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3193_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.04.021","volume":"66","author":"Y Aoki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aoki Y, Inokuchi R (2016) A voxel-based meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging in mild traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews 66:119\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.04.021","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"3193_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1076\/1380-3395(200008)22:4;1-0;ft518","volume":"22","author":"K Arbuthnott","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arbuthnott K, Frank J (2000) Trail Making Test, Part B as a Measure of Executive Control: Validation Using a Set-Switching Paradigm. J Clin Experimental Neuropsychol (Neuropsychology Dev Cognition: Sect A) 22(4):518\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1076\/1380-3395(200008)22:4;1-0;ft518","journal-title":"J Clin Experimental Neuropsychol (Neuropsychology Dev Cognition: Sect A)"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"3193_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1177\/08977151251407626","volume":"43","author":"ME Baird","year":"2026","unstructured":"Baird ME, Yang JY-M, Seal ML, Beare R, Anderson JF (2026) Thalamic structural connectivity and cognitive outcome in the subacute period following mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 43(11\u201312):882\u2013894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08977151251407626","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"3193_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1097\/jsa.0000000000000119","volume":"24","author":"ED Bigler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bigler ED, Abildskov TJ, Goodrich-Hunsaker NJ, Black G, Christensen ZP, Huff T, Wood D-MG, Hesselink JR, Wilde EA, Max JE (2016) Structural neuroimaging findings in mild traumatic brain injury. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 24(3):e42\u2013e52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jsa.0000000000000119","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev"},{"issue":"16","key":"3193_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70394","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70394","volume":"46","author":"J Burnett","year":"2025","unstructured":"Burnett J, Cobden AL, Burmester A, Akhlaghi H, Dom\u00ednguez D, J. F., Caeyenberghs K (2025) Association between intraindividual variability in cognitive performance and white matter organisation in chronic mild traumatic brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp 46(16):e70394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.70394","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"12","key":"3193_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25008","volume":"41","author":"SW Choy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choy SW, Bagarinao E, Watanabe H, Ho ETW, Maesawa S, Mori D, Hara K, Kawabata K, Yoneyama N, Ohdake R (2020) Changes in white matter fiber density and morphology across the adult lifespan: A cross-sectional fixel\u2010based analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 41(12):3198\u20133211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.25008","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"3193_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dashnaw ML, Petraglia AL, Bailes JE (2012) An overview of the basic science of concussion and subconcussion: Where we are and where we are going. NeuroSurg Focus 33(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2012.10.focus12284","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.10.focus12284"},{"key":"3193_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dehghani, N., & Wimmer, R. D. (2019). A computational perspective of the role of the thalamus in cognition. Neural Computation, 31(7), 1380\u20131418 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/neco_a_01197","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_01197"},{"key":"3193_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118417","volume":"241","author":"T Dhollander","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dhollander T, Clemente A, Singh M, Boonstra F, Civier O, Duque JD, Egorova N, Enticott P, Fuelscher I, Gajamange S (2021) Fixel-based analysis of diffusion MRI: Methods, applications, challenges and opportunities. NeuroImage 241:118417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118417","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"3193_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bigler, E. D. (2021). Volumetric MRI findings in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and neuropsychological outcome. Neuropsychology Review, 33(1), 5\u201341 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-020-09474-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-020-09474-0"},{"key":"3193_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bigler, E. D., Abildskov, T. J., Goodrich-Hunsaker, N. J., Black, G., Christensen, Z. P., Hu\ufb00, T., Wood, D.-M. G., Hesselink, J. R., Wilde, E. A., & Max, J. E. (2016). Structural neuroimaging findings in mild traumatic brain injury. Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review, 24(3), e42\u2013e52 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jsa.0000000000000119","DOI":"10.1097\/jsa.0000000000000119"},{"issue":"6","key":"3193_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.2.JNS121294","volume":"118","author":"S Farquharson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Farquharson S, Tournier J-D, Calamante F, Fabinyi G, Schneider-Kolsky M, Jackson GD, Connelly A (2013) White matter fiber tractography: Why we need to move beyond DTI. J Neurosurg 118(6):1367\u20131377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2013.2.JNS121294","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3193_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","volume":"62","author":"B Fischl","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fischl B (2012) FreeSurfer. NeuroImage 62(2):774\u2013781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"3193_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390490520328","volume":"27","author":"KA Frencham","year":"2005","unstructured":"Frencham KA, Fox AM, Maybery MT (2005) Neuropsychological studies of mild traumatic brain injury: A meta-analytic review of research since 1995. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 27(3):334\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13803390490520328","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3193_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000505","volume":"75","author":"CC Giza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giza CC, Hovda DA (2014) The new neurometabolic cascade of concussion. Neurosurgery 75(4):S24\u2013S33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000505","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"3193_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldberg JH (2022) Motor thalamic interactions with brainstem and basal ganglia. The thalamus, ed. M. Halassa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). doi, 10(9781108674287.015)","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108674287.015"},{"issue":"2","key":"3193_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20104","volume":"76","author":"MW Greve","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greve MW, Zink BJ (2009) Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Mt Sinai J Medicine: J Translational Personalized Med 76(2):97\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/msj.20104","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Medicine: J Translational Personalized Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3193_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.005","volume":"103","author":"MM Halassa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Halassa MM, Sherman SM (2019) Thalamocortical circuit motifs: A general framework. Neuron 103(5):762\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3193_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shine, J. M., Lewis, L. D., Garrett, D. D., & Hwang, K. (2023). The impact of the human thalamus on brain-wide information processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 24(7), 416\u2013430 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-023-00701-0","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-023-00701-0"},{"key":"3193_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.07.061","volume":"103","author":"B Jeurissen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeurissen B, Tournier J-D, Dhollander T, Connelly A, Sijbers J (2014) Multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution for improved analysis of multi-shell diffusion MRI data. NeuroImage 103:411\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.07.061","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"3193_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3785","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3785","volume":"32","author":"B Jeurissen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeurissen B, Descoteaux M, Mori S, Leemans A (2019) Diffusion MRI fiber tractography of the brain. NMR Biomed 32(4):e3785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nbm.3785","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"3193_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.3109\/02699050903421099","volume":"23","author":"B Johansson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johansson B, Berglund P, R\u00f6nnb\u00e4ck L (2009) Mental fatigue and impaired information processing after mild and moderate traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 23(13\u201314):1027\u20131040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02699050903421099","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"3193_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000037","volume":"28","author":"JE Karr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karr JE, Areshenkoff CN, Garcia-Barrera MA (2014) The neuropsychological outcomes of concussion: a systematic review of meta-analyses on the cognitive sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology 28(3):321\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/neu0000037","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"3193_CR22","volume-title":"Neuropsychological assessment","author":"MD Lezak","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lezak MD (2004) Neuropsychological assessment. Oxford University Press, USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"3193_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-021-09485-5","volume":"33","author":"HM Lindsey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lindsey HM, Hodges CB, Greer KM, Wilde EA, Merkley TL (2023) Diffusion-weighted imaging in mild traumatic brain injury: A systematic review of the literature. Neuropsychol Rev 33(1):42\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-021-09485-5","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"3193_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baird, M. E., Beare, R., Seal, M. L., Yang, J. Y. M., & Anderson, J. F. (2024). Mild traumatic brain injury is associated with increased thalamic subregion volume in the subacute period following injury. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 102(12), e70004.","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.70004"},{"key":"3193_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02767","volume":"10","author":"D Makowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Makowski D, Ben-Shachar MS, Chen SA, L\u00fcdecke D (2019) Indices of effect existence and significance in the Bayesian framework. Front Psychol 10:27\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02767","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3193_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000192","volume":"29","author":"JS Massey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Massey JS, Meares S, Batchelor J, Bryant RA (2015) An exploratory study of the association of acute posttraumatic stress, depression, and pain to cognitive functioning in mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology 29(4):530\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/neu0000192","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3193_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000070","volume":"31","author":"AC McCarrey","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCarrey AC, An Y, Kitner-Triolo MH, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM (2016) Sex differences in cognitive trajectories in clinically normal older adults. Psychol Aging 31(2):166\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pag0000070","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"3193_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcac208","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac208","volume":"4","author":"R Mito","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mito R, Parker DM, Abbott DF, Makdissi M, Pedersen M, Jackson GD (2022) White matter abnormalities characterize the acute stage of sports-related mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Commun 4(4):fcac208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac208","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"3193_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tustison, N. J., Avants, B. B., Cook, P. A., Zheng, Y., Egan, A., Yushkevich, P. A., & Gee, J. C. (2010). N4ITK: improved N3 bias correction. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 29(6), 1310-1320 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmi.2010.2046908","DOI":"10.1109\/tmi.2010.2046908"},{"key":"3193_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernab\u00e9u-Sanz, \u00c1., Morales, S., Naranjo, V., & Sempere, \u00c1. P. (2021). Contribution of gray matter atrophy and white matter damage to cognitive impairment in mildly disabled relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Diagnostics, 11(3), 578.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11030578"},{"issue":"11","key":"3193_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.03.019","volume":"98","author":"L Oehr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oehr L, Anderson J (2017) Diffusion-tensor imaging findings and cognitive function following hospitalized mixed-mechanism mild traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 98(11):2308\u20132319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.03.019","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"3193_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delli Pizzi, S., Franciotti, R., Taylor, J. P., Thomas, A., Tartaro, A., Onofrj, M., & Bonanni, L. (2015). Thalamic involvement in fluctuating cognition in dementia with Lewy bodies: magnetic resonance evidences. Cerebral Cortex, 25(10), 3682-3689.","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu220"},{"key":"3193_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Woodrow, R. E., Winzeck, S., Luppi, A. I., Kelleher-Unger, I. R., Spindler, L. R., Wilson, J. L., Newcombe, V. F., Coles, J. P., & Menon, D. K. (2023). Acute thalamic connectivity precedes chronic post-concussive symptoms in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain, 146(8), 3484\u20133499 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awad056","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad056"},{"key":"3193_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.029","volume":"144","author":"DA Raffelt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raffelt DA, Tournier J-D, Smith RE, Vaughan DN, Jackson G, Ridgway GR, Connelly A (2017) Investigating white matter fibre density and morphology using fixel-based analysis. NeuroImage 144:58\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.029","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"3193_CR30","volume-title":"Stroop test\u2013Victoria version","author":"M Regard","year":"1981","unstructured":"Regard M (1981) Stroop test\u2013Victoria version. Neuropsychological Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC"},{"issue":"3","key":"3193_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709090626","volume":"15","author":"I S\u00e1nchez-Cubillo","year":"2009","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Cubillo I, Peri\u00e1\u00f1ez JA, Adrover-Roig D, Rodr\u00edguez-S\u00e1nchez JM, R\u00edos-Lago M, Tirapu J, Barcel\u00f3 F (2009) Construct validity of the Trail Making Test: Role of task-switching, working memory, inhibition\/interference control, and visuomotor abilities. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 15(3):438\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617709090626","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"3193_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2019.05.008","volume":"64","author":"KG Schilling","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schilling KG, Blaber J, Huo Y, Newton A, Hansen C, Nath V, Shafer AT, Williams O, Resnick SM, Rogers B (2019) Synthesized b0 for diffusion distortion correction (Synb0-DisCo). Magn Reson Imaging 64:62\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mri.2019.05.008","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"3193_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith A (1973) Symbol digit modalities test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist","DOI":"10.1037\/t27513-000"},{"key":"3193_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.11.049","volume":"67","author":"RE Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith RE, Tournier J-D, Calamante F, Connelly A (2013) SIFT: Spherical-deconvolution informed filtering of tractograms. NeuroImage 67:298\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.11.049","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"3193_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Biesbroek, J. M., Verhagen, M. G., van der Stigchel, S., & Biessels, G. J. (2024). When the central integrator disintegrates: A review of the role of the thalamus in cognition and dementia. AlzheimerBiesbroek, J. M., Verhagen, M. G., van der Stigchel, S., & Biessels, G. J. (2024). When the central integrator disintegrates: A review of the role of the thalamus in cognition and dementia. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 20(3), 2209\u20132222 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13563","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13563"},{"issue":"18","key":"3193_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70121","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70121","volume":"45","author":"EM Tinney","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tinney EM, Warren AE, Ai M, Morris TP, O\u2019Brien A, Odom H, Sutton BP, Jain S, Kang C, Huang H (2024) Understanding cognitive aging through white matter: A fixel-based analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 45(18):e70121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.70121","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"3193_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116137","volume":"202","author":"JD Tournier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tournier JD, Smith R, Raffelt D, Tabbara R, Dhollander T, Pietsch M, Connelly A (2019) MRtrix3: A fast, flexible and open software framework for medical image processing and visualisation. NeuroImage 202:116\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116137","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"3193_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang, K., Shine, J. M., Bruss, J., Tranel, D., & Boes, A. (2021). Neuropsychological evidence of multi-domain network hubs in the human thalamus. Elife, 10, e69480.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69480"},{"key":"3193_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-017-1343-3","volume":"25","author":"E-J Wagenmakers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wagenmakers E-J, Marsman M, Jamil T, Ly A, Verhagen J, Love J, Selker R, Gronau QF, \u0160m\u00edra M, Epskamp S (2018) Bayesian inference for psychology. Part I: Theoretical advantages and practical ramifications. Psychon Bull Rev 25:35\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-017-1343-3","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"3193_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24939","volume":"41","author":"EJ Wallace","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wallace EJ, Mathias JL, Ward L, Fripp J, Rose S, Pannek K (2020) A fixel-based analysis of micro-and macro-structural changes to white matter following adult traumatic brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp 41(8):2187\u20132197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.24939","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"3193_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.07.070","volume":"183","author":"J Wasserthal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wasserthal J, Neher P, Maier-Hein KH (2018) TractSeg - Fast and accurate white matter tract segmentation. NeuroImage 183:239\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.07.070","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"3193_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wechsler D (2008) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. PsycTESTS Dataset","DOI":"10.1037\/t15169-000"},{"issue":"2","key":"3193_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5513","volume":"36","author":"EA Wilde","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wilde EA, Ware AL, Li X, Wu TC, McCauley SR, Barnes A, Newsome MR, Biekman BD, Hunter JV, Chu ZD (2019) Orthopedic injured versus uninjured comparison groups for neuroimaging research in mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 36(2):239\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2017.5513","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"20","key":"3193_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5566","volume":"35","author":"YC Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu YC, Mustafi SM, Harezlak J, Kodiweera C, Flashman LA, McAllister TW (2018) Hybrid diffusion imaging in mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 35(20):2377\u20132390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2017.5566","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"}],"container-title":["Brain Structure and Function"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00429-026-03193-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00429-026-03193-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00429-026-03193-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:03:07Z","timestamp":1790467387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00429-026-03193-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["3193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-026-03193-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-2661"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-2661","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"142"}}