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Besides, the maintained robust T-cell response, CMV-specific T cells seem to have a distinctive phenotype, characterized by an advanced differentiation state. Here, we will review this \u201cspecial\u201d differentiation status by discussing the cellular phenotype based on the expression of CD45 isoforms, costimulatory, inhibitory and natural killer receptors, adhesion and lymphocyte homing molecules, transcription factors, cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. In addition, we focus on whether the differentiation state of CMV-specific CD8 T cells is unique in comparison with other chronic viruses and we will discuss the possible impact of factors such as antigen exposure and aging on the advanced differentiation status of CMV-specific CD8 T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-019-00608-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T00:02:43Z","timestamp":1555372963000},"page":"365-373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["The hallmarks of CMV-specific CD8 T-cell differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Sara P. 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