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After recirculation of plasmablasts, and maturation at mucosal surfaces or bone marrow, plasma cells produce secretory or systemic IgA. It remains uncertain to what extent secretory and systemic IgA share the same target specificities. For vaccine candidate optimization, it is important to know whether IgA targeting of glycosylated epitopes of a protein antigen vary between mucosal and systemic sites. We evaluated glycosylated epitope specificity of systemic and mucosally secreted IgA against YghJ, a potential vaccine candidate antigen secreted by most pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . IgA from intestinal lavage, saliva, serum, and blood-derived antibody in lymphocyte supernatants (ALS) were collected from 21 volunteers following experimental infection with enterotoxigenic\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Methods for preparing IgA from saliva and ALS were developed, and multiplex bead flow cytometric immunoassays were used to determine levels of IgA targeting natively glycosylated YghJ and estimating what proportion of these antibodies specifically targeted glycosylated epitopes\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Following infection, anti-YghJ IgA levels increased substantially for most volunteers across all four specimen types. Target specificity of ALS IgA correlated well with serum IgA, but not with mucosally secreted IgA. Furthermore, glycosylation-specific proportion of salivary IgA was higher than, and did not correlate with, intestinally secreted IgA. These results indicate a new degree of complexity to our understanding of epitope-targeting and tissue specificity of mucosal antibody responses. Our findings also suggest that all features of an intestinal IgA response may not be well reflected in serum, saliva, or ALS, which are commonly used proxy specimens for evaluating intestinal immune responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-024-00812-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,14]],"date-time":"2024-12-14T05:07:58Z","timestamp":1734152878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Proportions of IgA antibodies targeting glycosylated epitopes of secreted Escherichia coli mucinase YghJ in initial plasmablast response differ from salivary and intestinally secreted IgA"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Saman","family":"Riaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Steinsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann Z.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Boysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1466-2326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurt","family":"Hanevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"812_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00689-6","volume":"18","author":"F Shao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shao F, Yu D, Xia P, Wang S (2021) Dynamic regulation of innate lymphoid cells in the mucosal immune system. 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AB and AZA have a financial interest in GlyProVac ApS, which has licensed exclusively the IP stated above. AB is the scientific founder and shareholder. AZA is a co-founder, shareholder, and a member of the board. AB and AZA are employees of GlyProVac ApS, and KH is a member of the GlyProVac scientific advisory board. Other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"2"}}