{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T20:02:48Z","timestamp":1767211368210,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Microbiol Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-025-00822-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T09:05:11Z","timestamp":1739955911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Production of recombinant electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit protein and its application in a lateral flow assay for early diagnosis of leptospirosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Uraiwan","family":"Kositanont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charin","family":"Thawornkuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athisri","family":"Sitthipunya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Worawan","family":"Dachavichitlead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chanwit","family":"Tribuddharat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suppalak","family":"Brameld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Galayanee","family":"Doungchawee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benchaporn","family":"Lertanantawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chatchawan","family":"Srisawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"822_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007374","volume":"13","author":"J Guglielmini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guglielmini J, Bourhy P, Schiettekatte O, Zinini F, Brisse S, Mathieu Picardeau M (2019) Genus-wide Leptospira core genome multilocus sequence typing for strain taxonomy and global surveillance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13(4):e0007374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007374","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"822_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104241","author":"K Caimia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caimia K, Ruybal P (2020) Leptospira spp., a genus in the stage of diversity and genomic data expansion. Infect Genet Evol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104241","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"4","key":"822_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.09.011","volume":"12","author":"G Pappas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pappas G, Papadimitriou P, Siozopoulou V, Christou L, Akritidis N (2008) The globalization of leptospirosis: worldwide incidence trends. Int J Infect Dis 12(4):351\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.09.011","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"822_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8_5","volume":"387","author":"DA Haake","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haake DA, Levett PN (2015) Leptospirosis in humans. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 387:65\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8_5","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"822_CR5","first-page":"344","volume-title":"Principles and practice","author":"S Faine","year":"1988","unstructured":"Faine S (1988) Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. In: Leptospirosis. In: Balows A, Hausler WJ, Ohashi M, Turano A (eds) Principles and practice. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 344\u2013352"},{"issue":"4","key":"822_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(70)90087-8","volume":"64","author":"LH Turner","year":"1970","unstructured":"Turner LH (1970) Leptospirosis 3 Maintenance, isolation and demonstration of leptospires. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 64(4):623\u2013646","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"822_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.9.2219-2224.1992","author":"F M\u00e9rien","year":"1992","unstructured":"M\u00e9rien F, Amouriaux P, Perolat P, Baranton G, Saint Girons I (1992) Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Leptospira spp in clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.30.9.2219-2224.1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"822_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3284","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.12.3284-3289.1995","volume":"33","author":"RL Zuerner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zuerner RL, Alt D, Bolin CA (1995) IS1533-based PCR assay for identification of Leptospira interrogans sensu lato serovars. J Clin Microbiol 33(12):3284\u20133289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.33.12.3284-3289.1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"822_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-2-13","author":"LD Smythe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smythe LD, Smith IL, Smith GA, Dohnt MF, Symonds ML, Barnett LJ, McKay DB (2002) A quantitative PCR (TaqMan) assay for pathogenic Leptospira spp. BMC Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-2-13","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"822_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45860-0","volume":"54","author":"PN Levett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Levett PN, Morey RE, Galloway RL, Turner DE, Steigerwalt AG, Mayer LW (2005) Detection of pathogenic leptospires by real-time quantitative PCR. J Med Microbiol 54(Pt 1):45\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.45860-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"822_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.07.014","volume":"57","author":"U Kositanont","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kositanont U, Rugsasuk S, Leelaporn A, Phulsuksombati D, Tantitanawat S, Naigowit P (2007) Detection and differentiation between pathogenic and saprophytic Leptospira spp by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 57(2):117\u2013122","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"822_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","volume":"14","author":"PN Levett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Levett PN (2001) Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 14(2):296\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"822_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2012.11.005","volume":"43","author":"M Picardeau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Picardeau M (2013) Diagnosis and epidemiology of leptospirosis. Med Mal Infect 43(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medmal.2012.11.005","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"822_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.1.166-169.2001","volume":"8","author":"HL Smits","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smits HL, Eapen CK, Sugathan S, Kuriakose M, Gasem MH, Yersin C, Sasaki D, Pujianto B, Vestering M, Abdoel TH, Gussenhoven GC (2001) Lateral-flow assay for rapid serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 8(1):166\u2013169","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"822_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05064-0","volume":"52","author":"SC Sehgal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sehgal SC, Vijayachari P, Sugunan AP, Umapathi T (2003) Field application of Lepto lateral flow for rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis. J Med Microbiol 52:897\u2013901","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"822_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001878","volume":"6","author":"SA Nabity","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nabity SA, Ribeiro GS, Aquino CL, Takahashi D, Dami\u00e3o AO, Gon\u00e7alves AH, Miranda-Filho DB, Greenwald R, Esfandiari J, Lyashchenko KP, Reis MG, Medeiros MA, Ko AI (2012) Accuracy of a dual path platform (DPP) assay for the rapid point-of-care diagnosis of human leptospirosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6(11):e1878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001878","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"822_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2013.787387","volume":"41","author":"V Raja","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raja V, Natarajaseenivasan K (2015) Pathogenic, diagnostic and vaccine potential of leptospiral outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Crit Rev Microbiol 41(1):1\u201317","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"822_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.5.2414-2421.2003","volume":"71","author":"PA Cullen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cullen PA, Haake DA, Bulach DM, Zuerner RL, Adler B (2003) LipL21 is a novel surface-exposed lipoprotein of pathogenic Leptospira species. Infect Immun 71(5):2414\u20132421","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"822_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2012.13.1.99","volume":"13","author":"S Joseph","year":"2012","unstructured":"Joseph S, Naicy Thomas N, Thangapandian E, Singh VP, Verma R, Srivastava SK (2012) Evaluation and comparison of native and recombinant LipL21 protein-based ELISAs for diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis. J Vet Sci 13(1):99\u2013101","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"822_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.05.002","volume":"109","author":"MR Bomfim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bomfim MR, Ko A, Koury MC (2005) Evaluation of the recombinant LipL32 in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of bovine leptospirosis. Vet Microbiol 109(1\u20132):89\u201394","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"822_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3303-3310.2001","volume":"39","author":"B Flannery","year":"2001","unstructured":"Flannery B, Costa D, Carvalho FP, Guerreiro H, Matsunaga J, Da Silva ED, Ferreira AG, Riley LW, Reis MG, Haake DA, Ko AI (2001) Evaluation of recombinant Leptospira antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. J Clin Microbiol 39(9):3303\u20133310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3303-3310.2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"822_CR22","first-page":"133","volume":"23","author":"D Boonyod","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boonyod D, Poovorawan Y, P. Bhattarakosol P, Chirathaworn C (2005) LipL32, an outer membrane protein of Leptospira, as an antigen in a dipstick assay for diagnosis of leptospirosis. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 23(2\u20133):133\u2013141","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"822_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2006.06.007","volume":"29","author":"R Mariya","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mariya R, Chaudhary P, Kumar AA, Thangapandian E, Amutha R, Srivastava SK (2006) Evaluation of a recombinant LipL41 antigen of Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola in ELISA for serodiagnosis of bovine leptospirosis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 29(5\u20136):269\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cimid.2006.06.007","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"13","key":"822_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4225","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.13.4225-4234.1993","volume":"175","author":"DA Haake","year":"1993","unstructured":"Haake DA, Champion CI, Martinich C, Shang ES, Blanco DR, Miller JN, Lovett MA (1993) Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding OmpL1, a transmembrane outer membrane protein of pathogenic Leptospira spp. J Bacteriol 175(13):4225\u20134234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.175.13.4225-4234.1993","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"1","key":"822_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-1119(98)00329-1","volume":"216","author":"SA Ballard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ballard SA, Go M, Segers RP, Adler B (1998) Molecular analysis of the dnaK locus of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni. Gene 216(1):21\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-1119(98)00329-1","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"5","key":"822_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02344-06","volume":"45","author":"J Croda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Croda J, Ramos JG, Matsunaga J, Queiroz A, Homma A, Riley LW, Haake DA, Reis MG, Ko AI (2007) Leptospira immunoglobulin-like proteins as a serodiagnostic marker for acute leptospirosis. J Clin Microbiol 45(5):1528\u20131534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.02344-06","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"822_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01635-06","volume":"75","author":"HA Choy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Choy HA, Kelley MM, Chen TL, M\u00f8ller AK, Matsunaga J, Haake DA (2007) Physiological osmotic induction of Leptospira interrogans adhesion: LigA and LigB bind extracellular matrix proteins and fibrinogen. Infect Immun 75(5):2441\u20132450","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"11","key":"822_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-48-11-977","volume":"48","author":"M Lin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lin M, Bughio N, Surujballi O (1999) Expression in Escherichia coli of hsp (groE), the gene coding for a periplasmic flagellin of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona. J Med Microbiol 48(11):977\u2013982","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"822_CR29","first-page":"1080","volume":"45","author":"U Kositanont","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kositanont U, Wanna W, Duangchawee G, Tribuddharat C (2014) Characterization of recombinant flagellin B protein from Leptospira interrogans. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 45(5):1080\u20131089","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"822_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00152-07","volume":"15","author":"G Doungchawee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Doungchawee G, Kositanont U, Niwetpathomwat A, Inwisai T, Sagarasaeranee P, Haake DA (2008) Early diagnosis of leptospirosis by immunoglobulin M immunoblot testing. Clin Vaccine Immunol 15(3):492\u2013498","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"822_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.200600805","author":"U Kositanont","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kositanont U, Saetun P, Krittanai C, Doungchawee G, Tribuddharat C, Thongboonkerd V (2007) Application of immunoproteomics to leptospirosis: towards clinical diagnostics and vaccine discovery. Proteomics Clin Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/prca.200600805","journal-title":"Proteomics Clin Appl"},{"issue":"13","key":"822_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200700855","volume":"9","author":"V Thongboonkerd","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thongboonkerd V, Chiangjong W, Saetun P, Sinchaikul S, Chen ST, Kositanont U (2009) Analysis of differential proteomes in pathogenic and non-pathogenic Leptospira: potential pathogenic and virulence factors. Proteomics 9(13):3522\u20133534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pmic.200700855","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"issue":"11","key":"822_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5763","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.11.5763-5767.1989","volume":"171","author":"M Fukunaga","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fukunaga M, Mifuchi I (1989) Unique organization of Leptospira interrogans rRNA genes. J Bacteriol 171(11):5763\u20135767","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"822_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.08.056","volume":"111","author":"T Thanchomnang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thanchomnang T, Sadaow L, Sanpool O, Intapan PM, Rodpai R, Boonroumkaew P, Janwan P, Tourtip S, Maleewong W (2021) Development of an immunochromatographic point-of-care test for detection of IgG antibody in serodiagnosis of human trichinellosis. Int J Infect Dis 111:148\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.08.056","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"822_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-5-696","volume":"100","author":"JBL McClain","year":"1984","unstructured":"McClain JBL, Ballou WR, Harrison SM, Steinway DL (1984) Doxycycline therapy for leptospirosis. Ann Int Med 100(5):696\u2013698","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"822_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.2072","volume":"65","author":"JL Huang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huang JL, Huang JH, Shyu RH, Teng CW, Lin YL, Kuo MD et al (2001) High-level expression of recombinant dengue viral NS-1 protein and its potential use as a diagnostic antigen. J Med Virol 65(3):553\u2013560","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"822_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.08.015","volume":"32","author":"EMB Lemes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lemes EMB, Miagostovicsh MP, Alves AMB, Costa SM, Fillipis AMB, Armoa GRG, Araujo MAV (2005) Circulating human antibodies against dengue NS1 protein: potential of recombinant D2V-NS1 proteins in diagnostic tests. J Clin Virol 32(4):305\u2013312","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"822_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2007.10.012","volume":"72","author":"P Srimanote","year":"2008","unstructured":"Srimanote P, Wongdeethai N, Jieanampunkul P, Samonkiert S, Leepiyasakulchai C, Kalambaheti T et al (2008) Recombinant ligA for leptospirosis diagnosis and ligA among the Leptospira spp clinical isolates. J Microbiol Methods 72(1):73\u201381","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"822_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009159","author":"J Dinhuzen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dinhuzen J, Limothai U, Tachaboon S, Krairojananan P, Laosatiankit B, Boonprasong S, Lumlertgul N, Peerapornratana S, Srisawat N (2021) A prospective study to evaluate the accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosis of human\u00a0leptospirosis: Result from THAI-LEPTO AKI study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009159","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"822_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02654-8","volume":"7","author":"G Doungchawee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Doungchawee G, Sutdan D, Niwatayakul K, Inwisai T, Sitthipunya A, Boonsathorn N, Sakulterdkiat T, Sirawaraporn W, Thongboongerd V (2017) Development and evaluation of an immuno-chromatographic assay to detect serum anti-leptospiral lipopolysaccaride IgM in acute leptospirosis. Sci Rep 7(1):2309","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"822_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.11.014","volume":"25","author":"MJ Maze","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maze MJ, Sharples KJ, Allan KJ, Rubach MP, Crump JA (2019) Diagnostic accuracy of leptospirosis whole-cell lateral flow assays: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 25:437\u2013444","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"822_CR42","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"R Niloofa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Niloofa R, Fernando N, De Silva NL, Karunanayake L, Wickramasinghe H, Dikmadugoda N et al (2015) Diagnosis of leptospirosis: comparison between microscopic agglutination test. IgM-ELISA and IgM rapid immunochromatography test PLoS One 10(6):1\u201312","journal-title":"IgM-ELISA and IgM rapid immunochromatography test PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"822_CR43","first-page":"268","volume":"98","author":"MV Silva","year":"1995","unstructured":"Silva MV, Camargo ED, Batista L, Vaz AJ, Brand\u00e3o AP, Nakamura PM, Negr\u00e3o JM (1995) Behaviour of specific IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies in human leptospirosis during the acute phase of the disease and during convalescence. J Trop Med Hyg 98(4):268\u2013272","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"822_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-0972-y","volume":"69","author":"RM Zinkernagel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zinkernagel RM (2012) Immunological memory \u2260 protective immunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 69(10):1635\u20131640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-012-0972-y","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"822_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0123-x","volume":"19","author":"AL St John","year":"2019","unstructured":"St John AL, Rathore APS (2019) Adaptive immune responses to primary and secondary dengue virus infections. Nat Rev Immunol 19(4):218\u2013230","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"822_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0702","volume":"98","author":"S Dittrich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dittrich S, Boutthasavong L, Keokhamhoung D, Phuklia W, Craig SB, Tulsiani SM et al (2018) A prospective hospital study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests for the early detection of leptospirosis in Laos. Am J Trop Med Hyg 98(4):1056\u20131060","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"822_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.18295\/2075-0528.1316","volume":"11","author":"SC Arya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arya SC, Agarwal N, Parikh SC, Agarwal S (2011) Simultaneous detection of dengue NS1 antigen, IgM plus IgG and platelet enumeration during an outbreak. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 11(4):470\u2013476","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"key":"822_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3an01064c","author":"U Kositanont","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kositanont U, Srisawat C, Sripinitchai S, Thawornkuno C, Chaibun T, Karunaithas S, Promptmas C, Lertanantawong B (2023) Electrochemical aptasensor detection of electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta for leptospirosis diagnosis. Analyst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d3an01064c","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"7","key":"822_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002290","volume":"7","author":"MG Goris","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goris MG, Leeflang MM, Loden M, Wagenaar JF, Klatser PR, Hartskeerl RA et al (2013) Prospective evaluation of three rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosis of human leptospirosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(7):e2290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002290. (PMID: 23875034)","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"822_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00219-06","volume":"13","author":"SD Blacksell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blacksell SD, Smythe L, Phetsouvanh R, Dohnt M, Hartskeerl R, Symonds M, Slack A, Vongsouvath M, Davong V, Lattana O, Phongmany S, Keolouangkot V, White NJ, Day NP, Newton PN (2006) Limited diagnostic capacities of two commercial assays for the detection of Leptospira immunoglobulin M antibodies in Laos. Clin Vaccine Immunol 13(10):1166\u20131169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CVI.00219-06. (PMID: 17028219)","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"}],"container-title":["Medical Microbiology and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00430-025-00822-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00430-025-00822-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00430-025-00822-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T11:56:48Z","timestamp":1767095808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00430-025-00822-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00430-025-00822-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8584","1432-1831"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0300-8584"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1831"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"12"}}