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However, its role in immune reconstitution during antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains unclear. We analyzed 236 virologically suppressed people living with HIV (PLHIV) after 24 months of ART, comprising 217 individuals homozygous for the wild-type\n                    <jats:italic>CCR5<\/jats:italic>\n                    allele and 19 heterozygous carriers of\n                    <jats:italic>CCR5\u039432<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Heterozygotes exhibited a significantly higher frequency of central memory CD4+\u2009T cells compared with wild-type homozygotes (40.33\u2009\u00b1\u20098.79 vs. 32.71\u2009\u00b1\u20097.06;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0196), along with a tendency toward increased effector CD4+\u2009T cells (5.100 [1.818\u20137.588] vs. 2.260 [1.485\u20133.503];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0459). In contrast, longitudinal follow-up revealed that wild-type homozygotes achieved higher absolute CD4+\u2009T cell counts at both 18 and 24 months of ART (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These results suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>CCR5\u039432<\/jats:italic>\n                    contributes to qualitative preservation of CD4+\u2009T cell subsets while limiting quantitative immune reconstitution, thereby providing novel insights into the long-term immunological impact of this polymorphism in virologically suppressed PLHIV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-026-00872-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T07:20:32Z","timestamp":1775460032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["CCR5\u039432 polymorphism is associated with increased central memory CD4+\u2009T cells in virologically suppressed people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Henrique Fernando","family":"Lopes-Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wlisses Henrique Veloso","family":"Carvalho-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Leandro","family":"Andrade-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Carolina Santos","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabr\u00edcio Oliveira","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Cl\u00e1udio Arraes","family":"De Alencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isadora Bandeira De Luna Paes Barre","family":"Brennand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thayana Karinne Oliveira","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kleyverson","family":"Feliciano-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Artur Bogo","family":"Chies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Lima","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"872_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakuragi JI (2011) Morphogenesis of the infectious HIV-1 virion. 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All participants gave their written informed consent before taking part in the study, including permission for blood collection and the use of their information for research purposes.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"11"}}