{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:13:22Z","timestamp":1792782802593,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Essen","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02na8dn90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Microbiol Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The understanding of host responses to pulmonary infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is incomplete and immunodiagnostic tools are not established. Unlike mycobacteria of the\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex, several NTM express glycopeptidolipids (GPLs) in their cell wall. Here, we investigate the interferon-\u03b3 response to mycobacterial GPLs and its diagnostic use in patients with pulmonary NTM infection.\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    -derived GPLs were used for in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in an ELISpot assay of patients with pulmonary NTM infection and 3 control groups, (1) patients with tuberculosis (TB), (2) patients with cystic fibrosis without evidence of NTM infection (CF) and (3) healthy controls (HC). Immune responses were compared between the groups and for the subgroup of NTM patients with either\n                    <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex (MAC) or\n                    <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex (MABC). Interferon-\u03b3 responses of 31 patients with NTM (16 MABC, 11 MAC, 1 MABC &amp; MAC, and 3 other NTM) were compared to 43 controls (15\u00a0TB, 15 CF, 13 HC). Responses to GPLs were significantly stronger in the NTM group compared to controls (13.5 vs. 1.5 spots per 300,000 PBMC,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, data represent median values). MAC patients had an overall stronger reaction than MABC patients. Assay sensitivity and specificity were 64 and 98% for MAC, 19 and 95% for MABC, and 32 and 98% for all NTM, respectively. Mycobacterial GPLs are potent drivers of interferon-\u03b3-responses. Patients with pulmonary NTM infection show stronger immune responses to GPLs compared to uninfected participants, making GPLs a promising target for the development of NTM immune diagnostic tools.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-026-00892-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:02:47Z","timestamp":1790154167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interferon-\u03b3-response to mycobacterial glycopeptidolipids in patients with pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"215","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2724-5297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathis","family":"Steindor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Dachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Stehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarete","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kehrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Villar-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svenja","family":"Stra\u00dfburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Welsner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivagurunathan","family":"Sutharsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Lindemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"892_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i1","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207360","volume":"71","author":"RA Floto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Floto RA, Olivier KN, Saiman L, Daley CL, Herrmann JL, Nick JA et al (2016) US cystic fibrosis foundation and european cystic fibrosis society consensus recommendations for the management of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in individuals with cystic fibrosis. Thorax 71(Suppl 1):i1\u201322","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"4","key":"892_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","volume":"175","author":"DE Griffith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, Catanzaro A, Daley C, Gordin F et al (2007) An official ATS\/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175(4):367\u2013416","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9235","key":"892_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02742-2","volume":"356","author":"P Andersen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Andersen P, Munk ME, Pollock JM, Doherty TM (2000) Specific immune-based diagnosis of tuberculosis. Lancet 356(9235):1099\u20131104","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"892_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwn076","volume":"18","author":"JS Schorey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schorey JS, Sweet L (2008) The mycobacterial glycopeptidolipids: structure, function, and their role in pathogenesis. Glycobiology 18(11):832\u2013841","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"892_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01145","volume":"9","author":"AV Gutierrez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gutierrez AV, Viljoen A, Ghigo E, Herrmann JL, Kremer L (2018) Glycopeptidolipids, a double-edged sword of the mycobacterium abscessus complex. Front Microbiol 9:1145","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"892_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29325","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29325","volume":"6","author":"Y Shibata","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shibata Y, Horita N, Yamamoto M, Tsukahara T, Nagakura H, Tashiro K et al (2016) Diagnostic test accuracy of anti-glycopeptidolipid-core IgA antibodies for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 6:29325","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"892_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004211","volume":"43","author":"R Villar-Hernandez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Villar-Hernandez R, Latorre I, Noguera-Julian A, Martinez-Planas A, Minguell L, Vallmanya T et al (2024) Development and Evaluation of an NTM-IGRA to Guide Pediatric Lymphadenitis Diagnosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 43(3):278\u2013285","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"20","key":"892_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6894","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00572-08","volume":"190","author":"G Agusti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Agusti G, Astola O, Rodriguez-Guell E, Julian E, Luquin M (2008) Surface spreading motility shown by a group of phylogenetically related, rapidly growing pigmented mycobacteria suggests that motility is a common property of mycobacterial species but is restricted to smooth colonies. J Bacteriol 190(20):6894\u20136902","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"}],"container-title":["Medical Microbiology and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00430-026-00892-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00430-026-00892-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00430-026-00892-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:02:48Z","timestamp":1790154168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00430-026-00892-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00430-026-00892-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8584","1432-1831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8584","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"RVH is an employee of GenID GmbH (Genome Identification Diagnostics, Stra\u00dfberg, Germany), the company that provided and holds the patent for the GPLs used in this study. All of the other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of the University of Duisburg Essen (reference 18-8322-BO). The participants or their legal guardians provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"NA","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"29"}}