{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:49:35Z","timestamp":1791089375492,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,21]],"date-time":"2005-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-005-1673-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,20]],"date-time":"2005-04-20T12:43:37Z","timestamp":1114001017000},"page":"486-490","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["4G\/5G promoter polymorphism in the plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 gene in children with systemic meningococcaemia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Gotho","family":"Geishofer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Z\u00f6hrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Resch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilhelm","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Finn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Endler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Mannhalter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Zenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Central European Meningococcal Genetic Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1673_CR1","unstructured":"Achtmann M (1995) Global epidemiology of meningococcal disease. In: Cartwright K (ed). Meningococcal disease. John Wiley, Chichester, pp 159\u2013177"},{"key":"1673_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103083441001","volume":"344","author":"Bernard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, LaRosa SP, Dhainaut JF, Lopez-Rodriguez A, Steingrub JS, Garber GE, Helterbrand JD, Ely EW, Fisher CJ Jr (2001) Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 344: 699\u2013709","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1673_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.1.58","volume":"160","author":"Brandtzaeg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brandtzaeg P, Mollnes TE, Kierulf P (1989) Complement activation and endotoxin levels in systemic meningococcal disease. J Infect Dis 160: 58\u201365","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1673_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(89)90054-6","volume":"55","author":"Brandtzaeg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brandtzaeg P, Sandset PM, Joo GB, Ovstebo R, Abildgaard U, Kierulf P (1989) The quantitative association of plasma endotoxin, antithrombin, protein C, extrinsic pathway inhibitor and fibrinopeptide A in systemic meningococcal disease. Thromb Res 55: 459\u2013470","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"1673_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(90)90326-8","volume":"57","author":"Brandtzaeg","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brandtzaeg P, Joo GB, Brusletto B, Kierulf P (1990) Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2, alpha-2-antiplasmin, plasminogen, and endotoxin levels in systemic meningococcal disease. Thromb Res 57: 271\u2013278","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"1673_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614991","volume":"79","author":"Burzotta","year":"1998","unstructured":"Burzotta F, Di Castelnuovo A, Amore C, D\u2019Orazio A, Di Bitondo R, Donati MB, Iacoviello L (1998) 4G\/5G promoter PAI-1 gene polymorphism is associated with plasmatic PAI-1 activity in Italians: a model of gene-environment interaction. Thromb Haemost 79: 354\u2013358","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"1673_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82047-6","volume":"268","author":"Dawson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dawson SJ, Wiman B, Hamsten A, Green F, Humphries S, Henney AM (1993) The two allele sequences of a common polymorphism in the promoter of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene respond differently to interleukin-1 in HepG2 cells. J Biol Chem 268: 10739\u201310745","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1673_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(86)90351-8","volume":"42","author":"Engebretsen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Engebretsen LF, Kierulf P, Brandtzaeg P (1986) Extreme plasminogen activator inhibitor and endotoxin values in patients with meningococcal disease. Thromb Res 42:713\u2013716","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"1673_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.6.1851","volume":"92","author":"Eriksson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Eriksson P, Kallin B, van \u2018t Hooft FM, Bavenholm P, Hamsten A (1995) Allele-specific increase in basal transcription of the plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 gene is associated with myocardial infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92: 1851\u20131855","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1673_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200108093450603","volume":"345","author":"Faust","year":"2001","unstructured":"Faust SN, Levin M, Harrison OB, Goldin RD, Lockhart MS, Kondaveeti S, Laszik Z, Esmon CT, Heyderman RS (2001) Dysfunction of endothelial protein C activation in severe meningococcal sepsis. N Engl J Med 345: 408\u2013416","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1673_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02575306","volume":"16","author":"Fourrier","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fourrier F, Lestavel P, Chopin C, Marey A, Goudemand J, Rime A, Mangalaboyi J (1990) Meningococcemia and purpura fulminans in adults: acute deficiencies of proteins C and S and early treatment with antithrombin III concentrates. Intensive Care Med 16: 121\u2013124","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1673_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000100122.57249.5D","volume":"31","author":"Haralambous","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haralambous E, Hibberd ML, Hermans PW, Ninis N, Nadel S, Levin M (2003) Role of functional plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 4G\/5G promoter polymorphism in susceptibility, severity, and outcome of meningococcal disease in Caucasian children. Crit Care Med 31: 2788\u20132793","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1673_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02220-5","volume":"354","author":"Hermans","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hermans PW, Hibberd ML, Booy R, Daramola O, Hazelzet JA, de Groot R, Levin M (1999) 4G\/5G promoter polymorphism in the plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 gene and outcome of meningococcal disease. Meningococcal Research Group. Lancet 354: 556\u2013560","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1673_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.66.11.1296","volume":"66","author":"Heyderman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Heyderman RS, Klein NJ, Shennan GI, Levin M (1991) Deficiency of prostacyclin production in meningococcal shock. Arch Dis Child 66: 1296\u20131299","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"1673_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.5.1148","volume":"173","author":"Kornelisse","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kornelisse RF, Hazelzet JA, Savelkoul HF, Hop WC, Suur MH, Borsboom AN, Risseeuw-Appel IM, van der Voort E, de Groot R (1996) The relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and proinflammatory and counterinflammatory mediators in children with meningococcal septic shock. J Infect Dis 173: 1148\u20131156","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1673_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649875","volume":"74","author":"Mansfield","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mansfield MW, Stickland MH, Grant PJ (1995) Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) promoter polymorphism and coronary artery disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Thromb Haemost 74: 1032\u20131034","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"1673_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.10.2082","volume":"17","author":"Margaglione","year":"1997","unstructured":"Margaglione M, Grandone E, Vecchione G, Cappucci G, Giuliani N, Colaizzo D, Celentano E, Panico S, Di Minno G (1997) Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen plasma levels in subjects attending a metabolic ward: relation to polymorphisms of PAI-1 and angiontensin converting enzyme (ACE) genes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17: 2082\u20132087","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"1673_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112772","volume":"79","author":"Moore","year":"1987","unstructured":"Moore KL, Andreoli SP, Esmon NL, Esmon CT, Bang NU (1987) Endotoxin enhances tissue factor and suppresses thrombomodulin expression of human vascular endothelium in vitro. J Clin Invest 79: 124\u2013130","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1673_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6776","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.18.6776","volume":"83","author":"Ny","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ny T, Sawdey M, Lawrence D, Millan JL, Loskutoff DJ (1986) Cloning and sequence of a cDNA coding for the human beta-migrating endothelial-cell-type plasminogen activator inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 6776\u20136780","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1673_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04532.x","volume":"5","author":"Pannekoek","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pannekoek H, Veerman H, Lambers H, Diergaarde P, Verweij CL, van Zonneveld AJ, van Mourik JA (1986) Endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI): a new member of the serpin gene family. Embo J 5: 2539\u20132544","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"1673_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198708273170912","volume":"317","author":"Powars","year":"1987","unstructured":"Powars DR, Rogers ZR, Patch MJ, McGehee WG, Francis RBJ (1987) Purpura fulminans in meningococcemia: association with acquired deficiencies of proteins C and S. N Engl J Med 317: 571\u2013572","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1673_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3141041","volume":"314","author":"Ryan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ryan MP, Kutz SM, Higgins PJ (1996) Complex regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) gene expression by serum and substrate adhesion. Biochem J 314: 1041\u20131046","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"1673_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80942-4","volume":"123","author":"Saez-Llorens","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saez-Llorens X, McCracken GH Jr (1993) Sepsis syndrome and septic shock in pediatrics: current concepts of terminology, pathophysiology, and management. J Pediatr 123: 497\u2013508","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1673_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V68.6.1218.1218","volume":"68","author":"Sakata","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sakata Y, Loskutoff DJ, Gladson CL, Hekman CM, Griffin JH (1986) Mechanism of protein C-dependent clot lysis: role of plasminogen activator inhibitor. Blood 68: 1218\u20131223","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1673_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198905043201802","volume":"320","author":"Suffredini","year":"1989","unstructured":"Suffredini AF, Harpel PC, Parrillo JE (1989) Promotion and subsequent inhibition of plasminogen activation after administration of intravenous endotoxin to normal subjects. N Engl J Med 320: 1165\u20131172","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1673_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1974.02110210023003","volume":"127","author":"Toews","year":"1974","unstructured":"Toews WH, Bass JW (1974) Skin manifestations of meningococcal infection; an immediate indicator of prognosis. Am J Dis Child 127: 173\u2013176","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"1673_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.6.1859","volume":"170","author":"Waage","year":"1989","unstructured":"Waage A, Halstensen A, Shalaby R, Brandtzaeg P, Kierulf P, Espevik T (1989) Local production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 in meningococcal meningitis. Relation to the inflammatory response. J Exp Med 170: 1859\u20131867","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"1673_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb020574","volume":"347","author":"Warren","year":"2002","unstructured":"Warren HS, Suffredini AF, Eichacker PQ, Munford RS (2002) Risks and benefits of activated protein C treatment for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 347: 1027\u20131030","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1673_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09376-3","volume":"354","author":"Westendorp","year":"1999","unstructured":"Westendorp RG, Hottenga JJ, Slagboom PE (1999) Variation in plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 gene and risk of meningococcal septic shock. Lancet 354: 561\u2013563","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1673_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.1.144","volume":"96","author":"Zenz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zenz W, Muntean W, Gallistl S, Zobel G, Grubbauer HM (1995) Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment in two infants with fulminant meningococcemia. Pediatrics 96: 144\u2013148","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1673_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649821","volume":"74","author":"Zenz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zenz W, Muntean W, Zobel G, Grubbauer HM, Gallistl S (1995) Treatment of fulminant meningococcemia with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Thromb Haemost 74: 802\u2013803","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"1673_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000133667.86429.5D","volume":"32","author":"Zenz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zenz W, Zoehrer B, Levin M, Fanconi S, Hatzis TD, Knight G, M\u00fcllner M, Faust SN (2004) Use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in children with meningococcal purpura fulminans: a retrospective study. Crit Care Med 32: 1777\u20131780","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-005-1673-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-005-1673-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-005-1673-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T00:54:39Z","timestamp":1683075279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-005-1673-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,21]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-005-1673-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-6199","1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-6199","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,21]]}}}