{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:19:45Z","timestamp":1793996385200,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,9]],"date-time":"2011-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-011-1641-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,8]],"date-time":"2011-12-08T01:49:46Z","timestamp":1323308986000},"page":"11-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Eponym"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Fretzayas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Moustaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Liapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Themistocles","family":"Karpathios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1641_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(92)90191-Q","volume":"14","author":"JC Arnold","year":"1992","unstructured":"Arnold JC, Otto G, Kraus T, Kommerell B, Theilmann L (1992) Gilbert\u2019s syndrome\u2014a possible cause of hyperbilirubinemia after orthotopic liver transplantation. J Hepatol 14:404","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1641_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70356-7","volume":"132","author":"JD Bancroft","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bancroft JD, Kreamer B, Gourley GR (1998) Gilbert syndrome accelerates development of neonatal jaundice. J Pediatr 132:656\u2013660","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1641_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.10.4.250","volume":"10","author":"BH Billing","year":"1969","unstructured":"Billing BH, Black M (1969) Bilirubin metabolism. Gut 10:250\u2013254","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1641_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196906052802303","volume":"280","author":"M Black","year":"1969","unstructured":"Black M, Billing BH (1969) Hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity in liver disease and Gilbert\u2019s syndrome. N Engl J Med 280:1266\u20131271","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1641_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511023331802","volume":"333","author":"PJ Bosma","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bosma PJ, Roy Chowdhury J, Bakker C, Gantla S, de Boer A, Oostra BA, Lindhout D, Tytgat GNJ, Jansen PLM, Oude Elferink RPJ, Roy Chowdhury N (1995) The genetic basis of the reduced expression of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 in Gilbert\u2019s syndrome. N Engl J Med 333:1171\u20131175","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1641_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.022","volume":"199","author":"AC Bulmer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bulmer AC, Blanchfield JT, Toth I, Fassett RG, Coombes JS (2008) Improved resistance to serum oxidation in Gilbert\u2019s syndrome: a mechanism for cardiovascular protection. Atherosclerosis 199:390\u2013396","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"1641_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d2293","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d2293","volume":"342","author":"LC Claridge","year":"2011","unstructured":"Claridge LC, Armstrong MJ, Booth C, Gill PS (2011) Gilbert\u2019s syndrome. BMJ 342:d2293. doi: 10.1136\/bmj.d2293","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5969","key":"1641_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5969.480","volume":"2","author":"AR Davidson","year":"1975","unstructured":"Davidson AR, Rojas-Bueno A, Thompson RP, Williams R (1975) Reduced caloric intake and nicotinic acid provocation tests in the diagnosis of Gilbert\u2019s syndrome. Br Med J 2(5969):480","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"1641_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.7.2259.419k42_2259_2262","volume":"94","author":"EM Giudice del","year":"1999","unstructured":"del Giudice EM, Perrotta S, Nobili B, Specchia C, d'Urzo G, Iolascon A (1999) Coinheritance of Gilbert syndrome increases the risk for developing gallstones in patients with hereditary spherocytosis. Blood 94:2259\u20132262","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1641_CR10","first-page":"49","volume":"60","author":"W Dickey","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dickey W, McAleer JJ, Callender ME (1991) The nicotinic acid provocation test and unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Ulster Med J 60:49\u201352","journal-title":"Ulster Med J"},{"key":"1641_CR11","first-page":"241","volume":"21","author":"A Gilbert","year":"1901","unstructured":"Gilbert A, Lereboullet P (1901) La cholemie simple familiale. Semaine Med 21:241","journal-title":"Semaine Med"},{"key":"1641_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200106000-00011","volume":"11","author":"QH Gong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gong QH, Cho JW, Huang T, Potter C, Gholami N, Basu NK, Kubota S, Carvalho S, Pennington MW, Owens IS, Popescu NC (2001) Thirteen UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes are encoded at the human UGT1 gene complex locus. Pharmacogenetics 11:357\u2013368","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"1641_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-02-0521","volume":"105","author":"EV Haverfield","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haverfield EV, McKenzie CA, Forrester T, Bouzekri N, Harding R, Serjeant G, Walker T, Peto TE, Ward R, Weatherall DJ (2005) UGT1A1 variation and gallstone formation in sickle cell disease. Blood 105:968\u2013972","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1641_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1258\/000456306778520034","volume":"43","author":"GM Hirschfield","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hirschfield GM, Alexander JG (2006) Gilbert\u2019s syndrome: an overview for clinical biochemists. Ann Clin Biochem 43:340\u2013343","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"1641_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1999.tb01907.x","volume":"62","author":"A Iolascon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Iolascon A, Faienza MF, Giordani L, Perrotta S, Ruggiu G, Meloni GF, del Giudice EM (1999) Bilirubin levels in the acute hemolytic crisis of G6PD deficiency are related to Gilbert\u2019s syndrome. Eur J Haematol 62:307\u2013310","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"1641_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.3.1093","volume":"91","author":"A Iolascon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Iolascon A, Faienza MF, Moretti A, Perrotta S, Miraglia del Giudice E (1998) UGT1 promoter polymorphism accounts for increased neonatal appearance of hereditary spherocytosis. Blood 91:1093","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9230","key":"1641_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02610-6","volume":"356","author":"M Kaplan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kaplan M, Hammerman C, Renbaum P, Klein G, Levy-Lahad E (2000) Gilbert\u2019s syndrome and hyperbilirubinaemia in ABO-incompatible neonates. Lancet 356(9230):652\u2013653","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1641_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12128","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.22.12128","volume":"94","author":"M Kaplan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kaplan M, Renbaum P, Levy-Lahad E, Hammerman C, Lahad A, Beutler E (1997) Gilbert syndrome and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a dose-dependent genetic interaction crucial to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:12128\u201312132","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1641_CR19","first-page":"1193","volume":"88","author":"S Kitsiou-Tzeli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kitsiou-Tzeli S, Kanavakis E, Tzetis M, Kavazarakis E, Galla A, Tsezou A (2003) Gilbert\u2019s syndrome as a predisposing factor for idiopathic cholelithiasis in children. Haematologica 88:1193\u20131194","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"1641_CR20","first-page":"703","volume":"39","author":"H Koiso","year":"1998","unstructured":"Koiso H, Kin Y, Narahara N, Tamura J, Naruse T, Karasawa M, Murakami H, Hattori Y, Oba Y, Sato H (1998) Alpha-thalassemia accompanied with Gilbert\u2019s syndrome. Rinsho Ketsueki 39:703\u2013708","journal-title":"Rinsho Ketsueki"},{"key":"1641_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2002.021","volume":"30","author":"N Laforgia","year":"2002","unstructured":"Laforgia N, Faienza MF, Rinaldi A, D'Amato G, Rinaldi G, Iolascon A (2002) Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and Gilbert\u2019s syndrome. J Perinat Med 30:166\u2013169","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"1641_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21361","volume":"44","author":"TO Lankisch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lankisch TO, Moebius U, Wehmeier M, Behrens G, Manns MP, Schmidt RE, Strassburg CP (2006) Gilbert\u2019s disease and atazanavir: from phenotype to UDP-glucuronosyltransferase haplotype. Hepatology 44:1324\u20131332","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1641_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-2517","volume":"17","author":"TO Lankisch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lankisch TO, Schulz C, Zwingers T, Erichsen TJ, Manns MP, Heinemann V, Strassburg CP (2008) Gilbert\u2019s syndrome and irinotecan toxicity: combination with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 variants increases risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 17:695\u2013701","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"key":"1641_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1086\/373964","volume":"72","author":"J-P Lin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lin J-P, Cupples LA, Wilson PWF, Heard-Costa N, O\u2019Donnell CJ (2003) Evidence for a gene influencing serum bilirubin on chromosome 2q telomere: a genomewide scan in the Framingham Study. Am J Hum Genet 72:1029\u20131034","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"1641_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-199708000-00001","volume":"7","author":"PI Mackenzie","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mackenzie PI, Owens IS, Burchell B, Bock KW, Bairoch A, Belanger A, Fournel-Gigleux S, Green M, Hum DW, Iyanagi T, Lancet D, Louisot P, Magalou J, Roy Chowdhury J, Ritter JK, Schachter H, Tephly TR, Tipton KE, Nebert DW (1997) The UDP glycosyltransferase gene superfamily: recommended nomenclature update based on evolutionary divergence. Pharmacogenetics 7:255\u2013269","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"1641_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01780018","volume":"818","author":"E Meulengracht","year":"1939","unstructured":"Meulengracht E (1939) Icterus interminus juvenilis. Klin Wchnschr 818:118","journal-title":"Klin Wchnschr"},{"key":"1641_CR27","first-page":"219","volume":"44","author":"H Miyake","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miyake H, Tashiro S, Yogita S, Ishikawa M, Fukuda Y, Harada M, Wada D, Ito S, Yasuda M (1998) Can the liver with Gilbert\u2019s syndrome be used as graft of living-related liver transplantation? J Med Invest 44:219\u2013221","journal-title":"J Med Invest"},{"key":"1641_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70201-5","volume":"134","author":"G Monaghan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Monaghan G, McLellan A, McGeehan A, Li Volti S, Mollica F, Salemi I, Din Z, Cassidy A, Hume R, Burchell B (1999) Gilbert\u2019s syndrome is a contributory factor in prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn. J Pediatr 134:441\u2013446","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1641_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03693.x","volume":"96","author":"GD Murthy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Murthy GD, Byron D, Shoemaker D, Visweswaraiah H, Pasquale D (2001) The utility of rifampin in diagnosing Gilbert\u2019s syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 96:1150\u20131154","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1641_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2008.01162.x","volume":"82","author":"R Origa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Origa R, Galanello R, Perseu L, Tavazzi D, Domenica Cappellini M, Terenzani L, Forni GL, Quarta G, Boetti T, Piga A (2009) Cholelithiasis in thalassemia major. Eur J Haematol 82(1):22\u201325","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"1641_CR31","first-page":"1122","volume":"112","author":"D Preisig","year":"1982","unstructured":"Preisig D, Bircher J, Preisig R (1982) Positive diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome. Retrospective analysis of 59 cases with special reference to the nicotinic acid test. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 112:1122\u20131129, Article in German","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"1641_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)35280-8","volume":"266","author":"JK Ritter","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ritter JK, Crawford JM, Owens IS (1991) Cloning of two human liver bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNAs with expression in COS-1 cells. J Biol Chem 266:1043\u20131047","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1641_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1997.4113228.x","volume":"99","author":"M Sampietro","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sampietro M, Lupica L, Perrero L, Comino A, Martinez di Montemuros F, Cappellini MD, Fiorelli G (1997) The expression of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase gene is a major determinant of bilirubin level in heterozygous beta-thalassaemia and in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Br J Haematol 99:437\u2013439","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"1641_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511023331812","volume":"333","author":"R Schmid","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schmid R (1995) Gilbert\u2019s syndrome\u2014a legitimate genetic anomaly? N Engl J Med 333:1217\u20131218","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1641_CR35","first-page":"259","volume":"80","author":"MH Sleisenger","year":"1967","unstructured":"Sleisenger MH (1967) Nonhemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia with hepatic glucuronyl transferase deficiency: a genetic study in four generations. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 80:259\u2013266","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Physicians"},{"key":"1641_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2010.07.007","volume":"24","author":"CP Strassburg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Strassburg CP (2010) Hyperbilirunemia syndromes (Gilbert-Meulengracht, Grigler-Najjar, Dubin-Johnson and Rotor syndrome). Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 24:555\u2013571","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1641_CR37","first-page":"123","volume":"8","author":"TC Tan","year":"1967","unstructured":"Tan TC (1967) Gilbert\u2019s disease. Sing Med J 8:123\u2013125","journal-title":"Sing Med J"},{"key":"1641_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200005150-00024","volume":"69","author":"HS Te","year":"2000","unstructured":"Te HS, Schiano TD, Das S, Kuan SF, DasGupta K, Conjeevaram HS, Baker AL (2000) Donor liver uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase-1A1 deficiency causing Gilbert\u2019s syndrome in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation 69:1882\u20131886","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"1641_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528109182033","volume":"16","author":"HF Thomsen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Thomsen HF, Hardt F, Juhl E (1981) Diagnosis of Gilbert\u2019s syndrome. Reliability of the caloric restriction and phenobarbital stimulation tests. Scand J Gastroenterol 16:699\u2013703","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1641_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2008.0095","volume":"13","author":"A Tsezou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tsezou A, Tzetis M, Giannatou E, Spanos I, Roma E, Fretzayas A, Kanavakis E, Kitsiou-Tzeli S (2009) Gilbert syndrome as a predisposing factor for cholelithiasis risk in the Greek adult population. Genet Test Mol Biomark 13:143\u2013146","journal-title":"Genet Test Mol Biomark"},{"key":"1641_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(01)00601-3","volume":"160","author":"L V\u00edtek","year":"2002","unstructured":"V\u00edtek L, Jirsa M, Brodanov\u00e1 M, Kalab M, Marecek Z, Danzig V, Novotn\u00fd L, Kotal P (2002) Gilbert syndrome and ischemic heart disease: a protective effect of elevated bilirubin levels. Atherosclerosis 160:449\u2013456","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"1641_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21105","volume":"43","author":"HE Wasmuth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wasmuth HE, Keppeler H, Herrmann U, Schirin-Sokhan R, Barker M, Lammert F (2006) Coinheritance of Gilbert syndrome-associated UGT1A1 mutation increases gallstone risk in cystic fibrosis. Hepatology 43:738\u2013741","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-011-1641-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-011-1641-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-011-1641-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,19]],"date-time":"2021-12-19T06:18:51Z","timestamp":1639894731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-011-1641-0"}},"subtitle":["Gilbert syndrome"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1641"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-011-1641-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-6199","1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-6199","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,9]]}}}