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The aim of this study was to explore whether the complement response to <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> differed according to CD status, and could serve as an explanation for the excess risk of IPD in CD. Twenty-two children with CD and 18 controls, born 1999\u20132008, were included at Kalmar County Hospital, Sweden. The degree of complement activation was evaluated by comparing levels of activation products C3a and sC5b-9 in plasma incubated for 30 min with <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and in non-incubated plasma. Complement analyses were performed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pneumococcal stimulation caused a statistically significant increase in C3a as well as sC5b-9 in both children with CD and controls but there was no difference in response between the groups. After incubation, C3a increased on average 4.6 times and sC5b-9 22 times in both the CD and the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.497 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.724 respectively).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: Complement response to <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> seems to be similar in children with and without CD and is thus unlikely to contribute to the increased susceptibility to invasive pneumococcal disease in CD.<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody><jats:tr><jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\u2022 <jats:italic>An excess risk of pneumococcal infections has been demonstrated in individuals with celiac disease.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Infectious complications can depend on hyposplenism but alternative mechanisms are sparsely examined.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td><\/jats:tr><jats:tr><jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Complement activation in response to Streptococcus pneumoniae was examined in children with and without celiac disease but no differences could be demonstrated.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td><\/jats:tr><\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-019-03490-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T09:08:37Z","timestamp":1572944917000},"page":"133-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Celiac disease and complement activation in response to Streptococcus pneumoniae"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8126-9738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna R\u00f6ckert","family":"Tjernberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Woksepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Sandholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Dahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas F","family":"Ludvigsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Bonnedahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina Nilsson","family":"Ekdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"3490_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002793","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002793","volume":"8","author":"YM Ali","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ali YM, Lynch NJ, Haleem KS, Fujita T, Endo Y, Hansen S, Holmskov U, Takahashi K, Stahl GL, Dudler T, Girija UV, Wallis R, Kadioglu A, Stover CM, Andrew PW, Schwaeble WJ (2012) The lectin pathway of complement activation is a critical component of the innate immune response to pneumococcal infection. 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