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All surgically treated patients with CDE or Bochdalek type CDH between 2000 and 2016 were included in this retrospective analysis. Demographics, CDH-characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcome were evaluated. In total, 200 patients were included. Patients with an eventration or hernia sac had no significant differences and were compared as patients without a true defect to patients with a true defect. The 1-year survival of patients with a true defect was significantly lower than patients with no true defect (76% versus 97%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). CDH with no true defect had significantly better short-term outcomes than CDH with true defect requiring patch repair. However, at 30\u00a0days, they more often required oxygen supplementation (46% versus 26%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) and had a higher recurrence rate (8% versus 0%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006) (three eventration and two hernia sac patients). <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: Patients without a true defect seem to have a more similar clinical outcome than CDH patients with a true defect, with a better survival. However, the recurrence rate and duration of oxygen supplementation at 30\u00a0days are higher than CDH patients with a true defect.<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody><jats:tr><jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Congenital diaphragmatic hernia with or without hernia sac and congenital diaphragmatic eventration (incomplete muscularization) are often treated similarly.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Patients with hernia sac and eventration are thought to have a relatively good outcome, but exact numbers are not described.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td><\/jats:tr><jats:tr><jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Congenital diaphragmatic eventration and patients with hernia sac seem to have a more similar clinical outcome than Bochdalek type CDH with a true defect.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Patients without a true defect (eventration or hernia sac) have a high recurrence rate.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td><\/jats:tr><\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03576-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T01:12:49Z","timestamp":1579655569000},"page":"855-863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Congenital diaphragmatic eventration and hernia sac compared to CDH with true defects: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Kim","family":"Heiwegen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arno FJ","family":"van Heijst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Daniels-Scharbatke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle CP","family":"van Peperstraten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"de Blaauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne MBI","family":"Botden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3576_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12508","volume":"50","author":"L Leeuwen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leeuwen L, Fitzgerald DA (2014) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. 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This study was approved by the local medical ethical committee, and all data was processed anonymously, according to the privacy legislation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}