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The aim of this study is to provide longitudinal epidemiological data on neonatal and young infant sepsis caused by GBS and <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> to reevaluate existing data and to inform clinical decision-making. Every positive blood culture for GBS and <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> within the first 90\u00a0days of life that occurred at our center from 2008 until 2018 was identified. The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and microbiological data of all affected patients were analyzed through retrospective chart review, along with the pathogen\u2019s antimicrobial susceptibility results. In total, 106 episodes of neonatal sepsis were described; 31% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200933) being caused by GBS and 69% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200973) by <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>; 87% of GBS early-onset disease (EOD) cases did not receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). Contrary to general trends, the proportion of resistant <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates decreased for all tested antibiotics over time. Coincidentally, antenatal antibiotic use beyond IAP\u00a0during that period decreased significantly in our center.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: (1) Data at our center suggests at least a regional implementation gap in GBS screening and IAP. (2) The decline in the resistance rate of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> for all antimicrobial substances might indicate that the reduction of prenatal antibiotics use is beneficial and that neonatal antibiotic stewardship programs should include pregnant women as well.<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 GBS screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis led to a 32%-reduction in GBS disease in Germany with a 0.75 (92:122) ratio of early-onset disease to late-onset disease in 2009\u20132010.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Prenatal antibiotic use might increase the risk of E. coli early-onset disease and antibiotic resistances.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 The GBS early-onset disease rates were twice as high as those of late-onset disease, the ratio was 1.75 (21:12) in 2008\u20132018 at our institution. This suggests that there are at least regional implementation gaps in the antenatal GBS screening in Germany.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 We found a decline in E. coli resistance rates over time for all antimicrobial substances. Reduction in use of prenatal antibiotics might be an explanation.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03659-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,23]],"date-time":"2020-05-23T11:03:01Z","timestamp":1590231781000},"page":"1769-1777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Neonatal and young infant sepsis by Group B Streptococci and Escherichia coli: a single-center retrospective analysis in Germany\u2014GBS screening implementation gaps and reduction in antibiotic resistance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5800-5435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maren","family":"Doenhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Seipolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Mense","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Lucia","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Th\u00fcrmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"R\u00fcdiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Berner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Armann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3659_CR1","unstructured":"Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) \u2013St\u00e4ndige Kommission Leitlinien (2016) S2k-Leitlinie 024\u2013020 \"Prophylaxe der Neugeborenensepsis - fr\u00fche Form - durch Streptokokken der Gruppe B\".Available at https:\/\/www.awmf.org\/uploads\/tx_szleitlinien\/024-020l_S2k_Prophylaxe_Neugeborenensepsis_Streptokokken_2016-04.pdf. 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