{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T21:37:57Z","timestamp":1748468277511,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective observational study, the incidence, risk factors and the time to event of urinary retention in children receiving intravenous opioids were evaluated. Urinary retention was confirmed by ultrasound following the inability to void for 8 h or earlier in patients experiencing discomfort. In total, 207 opioid episodes were evaluated, of which 199 (96.1%) concerned morphine, in 187 children admitted to the pediatric ward or pediatric intensive care unit. The median age was 7.6 years (IQR 0.9\u201313.8), and 123 (59.4%) were male. The incidence of urinary retention was 31\/207 (15.0%) opioid episodes, in which 14\/32 (43.8%) patients received continuous sedation for mechanical ventilation and 17\/175 (9.7%) received no sedation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a significant association with continuous sedation (OR 6.8, 95% CI 2.7\u201317.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> 0.001) and highest daily fluid intake (OR 0.8 per 10% deviation of normal intake, 95% CI 0.7\u20130.9, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> 0.01). Opioid dosage, age and gender were not significantly associated. Most events (28\/31, 90.3%) occurred within 24 h.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: The incidence of urinary retention in children receiving intravenous opioids is low, indicating that placement of urinary catheters is not routinely necessary in these patients. However, micturition and bladder volumes must be monitored, especially in sedated children and during the first 24 h of opioid administration.<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\u2022 <jats:italic>Great variation exists in the routine placement of urinary catheters in children receiving IV opioids.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:bold>\u2022<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>Confirmed by ultrasound, the incidence of urinary retention in children receiving intravenous opioids in this study was 15%, indicating that placement of urinary catheters is not routinely necessary in these patients.<\/jats:italic><jats:bold>\u2022<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>Children receiving continuous sedation for invasive mechanical ventilation showed a sevenfold greater risk of developing urinary retention than non-sedated patients.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03703-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T14:03:00Z","timestamp":1591884180000},"page":"47-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Monitoring of micturition and bladder volumes can replace routine indwelling urinary catheters in children receiving intravenous opioids: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"180","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1842-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita C.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolanda M.","family":"Maaskant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luitzen A.","family":"Groen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Job B. M.","family":"van Woensel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3703_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200831050-00002","volume":"31","author":"KM Verhamme","year":"2008","unstructured":"Verhamme KM, Sturkenboom MC, Stricker BH, Bosch R (2008) Drug-induced urinary retention: incidence, management and prevention. Drug Saf 31(5):373\u2013388","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"3703_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22224","volume":"31","author":"H Madersbacher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Madersbacher H, Cardozo L, Chapple C, Abrams P, Toozs-Hobson P, Young JS, Wyndaele JJ, De Wachter S, Campeau L, Gajewski JB (2012) What are the causes and consequences of bladder overdistension? ICI-RS 2011. Neurourol Urodyn 31(3):317\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.22224","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"5","key":"3703_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e240","DOI":"10.1097\/pcc.0000000000001920","volume":"20","author":"PD Reiter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reiter PD, Clevenger AC (2019) Nalbuphine reduces opioid-associated urinary retention in pediatric patients. Pediatr Crit Care Med 20(5):e240\u2013e244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pcc.0000000000001920","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3703_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556.e551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2018.07.011","volume":"14","author":"AR Araujo da Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Araujo da Silva AR, Marques AF, Biscaia di Biase C, Zingg W, Dramowski A, Sharland M (2018) Interventions to prevent urinary catheter-associated infections in children and neonates: a systematic review. J Pediatr Urol 14(6):556.e551\u2013556.e559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2018.07.011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3703_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.1999.00384.x","volume":"9","author":"Z Esmail","year":"1999","unstructured":"Esmail Z, Montgomery C, Courtrn C, Hamilton D, Kestle J (1999) Efficacy and complications of morphine infusions in postoperative paediatric patients. Paediatr Anaesth 9(4):321\u2013327","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"7","key":"3703_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.7748\/paed2003.09.15.7.15.c869","volume":"15","author":"J Cropper","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cropper J, Hutchison L, Llewellyn N (2003) Post-operative retention of urine in children. Paediatr Nurs 15(7):15\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7748\/paed2003.09.15.7.15.c869","journal-title":"Paediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"11","key":"3703_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-010-1123-0","volume":"26","author":"DT Warren","year":"2010","unstructured":"Warren DT, Bowen-Roberts T, Ou C, Purdy R, Steinbok P (2010) Safety and efficacy of continuous morphine infusions following pediatric cranial surgery in a surgical ward setting. Childs Nerv Syst 26(11):1535\u20131541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-010-1123-0","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"3703_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2014.05.016","volume":"31","author":"HB Alfheim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alfheim HB, Steenfeldt-Foss A, Hanem S, Rosseland LA (2016) High risk of postoperative urinary retention in 1-year-old cleft palate patients: an observational study. J Perianesth Nurs 31(1):41\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jopan.2014.05.016","journal-title":"J Perianesth Nurs"},{"key":"3703_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.03.024","volume":"53","author":"YR Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu YR, Sola R Jr, Mohammed S, Lackey JT, John S, Rosenfeld E, Zhang W, St Peter SD, Shah SR (2018) Foley catheters are not routinely necessary in children treated with patient-controlled analgesia following perforated appendicitis. J Pediatr Surg. 53:2032\u20132035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.03.024","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"3703_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.05.026","volume":"184","author":"P Thomas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thomas P, Knott EM, Sharp NE, St Peter SD (2013) Implications of Foley catheterization in children with perforated appendicitis. J Surg Res 184(1):337\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2013.05.026","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"3703_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.07.060","volume":"233","author":"JA Sobrino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sobrino JA, Axt J, Sujka JA, Benedict LA, Wedel L, Millspaugh D, St Peter SD (2019) Withholding urinary catheters in children receiving patient-controlled analgesia for appendicitis. J Surg Res 233:100\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2018.07.060","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3703_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2017.10.049","volume":"163","author":"TC Friske","year":"2018","unstructured":"Friske TC, Sola R, Yu YR, Jamal AR, Rosenfeld E, Zhu H, Mazziotti MV, St Peter SD, Shah SR (2018) Are Foley catheters needed after minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum? Surgery 163(4):854\u2013856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2017.10.049","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"3703_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(91)90426-T","volume":"26","author":"JJ Fairhurst","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fairhurst JJ, Rubin CM, Hyde I, Freeman NV, Williams JD (1991) Bladder capacity in infants. J Pediatr Surg 26(1):55\u201357","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3703_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(83)90079-1","volume":"21","author":"SA Koff","year":"1983","unstructured":"Koff SA (1983) Estimating bladder capacity in children. Urology 21(3):248","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3703_CR15","unstructured":"Bladderscan Prime operations and maintenance manual (2016). Verathon Inc, Botherl, U.S.A."},{"issue":"5","key":"3703_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590600679137","volume":"40","author":"M De Gennaro","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Gennaro M, Capitanucci ML, Di Ciommo V, Adorisio O, Mosiello G, Orazi C, Tubaro A (2006) Reliability of bladder volume measurement with BladderScan in paediatric patients. Scand J Urol Nephrol 40(5):370\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365590600679137","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3703_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590802054600","volume":"42","author":"E Koomen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koomen E, Bouman E, Callewaerdt P, Vos GD, Prins MH, Anderson BJ, Marcus MA (2008) Evaluation of a non-invasive bladder volume measurement in children. Scand J Urol Nephrol 42(5):444\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365590802054600","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"3703_CR18","volume-title":"Fujifilm","author":"M-Turbo Ultrasound System User Guide","year":"2014","unstructured":"M-Turbo Ultrasound System User Guide (2014) Fujifilm. SonoSite Inc, Bothell"},{"issue":"4","key":"3703_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00559-4","volume":"62","author":"SS Byun","year":"2003","unstructured":"Byun SS, Kim HH, Lee E, Paick JS, Kamg W, Oh SJ (2003) Accuracy of bladder volume determinations by ultrasonography: are they accurate over entire bladder volume range? Urology 62(4):656\u2013660","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3703_CR20","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. (2018) R Foundation for Statistical Computing http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"3703_CR21","unstructured":"Brennan MJ, Fudin J., R.J. P Opioid conversion calculator. Vertical Health LLC. https:\/\/opioidcalculator.practicalpainmanagement.com\/conversion.php. Accessed 15-9-2018 2018"},{"key":"3703_CR22","unstructured":"Waterbehoefte kinderen. (1993) Gezondheidsnet. https:\/\/www.gezondheidsnet.nl\/ziekten\/waterbehoefte-kinderen. Accessed 10-10-2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"3703_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-015-1843-x","volume":"71","author":"MI Altamimi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Altamimi MI, Choonara I, Sammons H (2015) Inter-individual variation in morphine clearance in children. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 71(6):649\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-015-1843-x","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3703_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050796","volume":"25","author":"H Berkenstadt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Berkenstadt H, Segal E, Mayan H, Almog S, Rotenberg M, Perel A, Ezra D (1999) The pharmacokinetics of morphine and lidocaine in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 25(1):110\u2013112","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3703_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000159165.90094.40","volume":"101","author":"H Keita","year":"2005","unstructured":"Keita H, Diouf E, Tubach F, Brouwer T, Dahmani S, Mantz J, Desmonts JM (2005) Predictive factors of early postoperative urinary retention in the postanesthesia care unit. Anesth Analg 101(2):592\u2013596, table of contents. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/01.ane.0000159165.90094.40","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"8","key":"3703_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2016(08)11","volume":"71","author":"GM Pacifici","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pacifici GM (2016) Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of morphine in neonates: a review. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 71(8):474\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6061\/clinics\/2016(08)11","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"issue":"3","key":"3703_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66574-3","volume":"165","author":"JM Gatti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gatti JM, Perez-Brayfield M, Kirsch AJ, Smith EA, Massad HC, Broecker BH (2001) Acute urinary retention in children. J Urol 165(3):918\u2013921","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3703_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1999.00948.x","volume":"48","author":"RD Hain","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hain RD, Hardcastle A, Pinkerton CR, Aherne GW (1999) Morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of children. Br J Clin Pharmacol 48(1):37\u201342","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3703_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh099","volume":"92","author":"L Lamonerie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lamonerie L, Marret E, Deleuze A, Lembert N, Dupont M, Bonnet F (2004) Prevalence of postoperative bladder distension and urinary retention detected by ultrasound measurement. Br J Anaesth 92(4):544\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aeh099","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-020-03703-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-020-03703-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-020-03703-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T23:55:21Z","timestamp":1623369321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-020-03703-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-020-03703-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-6199","1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0340-6199"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1076"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 December 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The study has been approved by the local institutional review board (FWA00025191) and has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki as revised in 2013.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all individual patients included in the study, from parents of or legal guardian of patients under 16 years of age and by patients themselves when 12 years or older.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}