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This longitudinal 6-year study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of neonatal spectral EEG in premature infants without neurological complications. The study cohort was 26 children born 23\u201334 gestational ages; all neonates underwent multichannel EEG recordings at 35\u00a0weeks post-conception. EEG data were transformed into the frequency domain and divided into delta (0.5\u20134\u00a0Hz), theta (5\u20137\u00a0Hz), alpha (8\u201313\u00a0Hz), and beta (14\u201320\u00a0Hz) frequency bands. At 6\u00a0years, a neuropsychological and behavioral evaluation was performed. Correlations between spectral bands and neuropsychological assessments were performed with a conservative and robust Bayesian correlation model using weakly informative priors. The correlation of neuropsychological tasks to spectral frequency bands highlighted a significant association with visual and auditory attention tests. The performance on the same tests appears to be mainly impaired.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: We found that spectral EEG frequencies are independent predictors of performance in attention tasks. We hypothesized that spectral EEG might reflect early circuitries\u2019 imbalance in the reticular ascending system and cumulative effect on ongoing development, pointing to the importance of early prognostic instruments.<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Prematurity is a non-specific marker of late neurocognitive risk.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Precise prognostic instruments are lacking, mostly in patients with low-grade conditions.<\/jats:italic><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Longitudinal long-term studies are scarce but crucial for the inferential attributive process.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Spectral EEG frequencies are independent predictors of performance in attention tasks.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03818-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T23:05:16Z","timestamp":1601334316000},"page":"909-918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Neonatal spectral EEG is prognostic of cognitive abilities at school age in premature infants without overt brain damage"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Cainelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Vedovelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella Lucia Chiara Mariani","family":"Wigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia Silvia","family":"Bisiacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"Suppiej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"3818_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.01.032","volume":"18","author":"L He","year":"2018","unstructured":"He L, Li H, Holland SK, Yuan W, Altaye M, Parikh NA (2018) Early prediction of cognitive deficits in very preterm infants using functional connectome data in an artificial neural network framework. 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