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NT-proBNP values of 118 preterm infants born \u2264 31 weeks GA were determined during the first week of life, after 4 \u00b1 1 weeks of life, and at a corrected GA of 36 \u00b1 2 weeks. Infants were divided into two groups: those without relevant complications and those with complications related to prematurity. NT-proBNP values of infants without complications define our exploratory reference values. The Median NT-proBNP level of these infants was 1896 ng\/l (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 27, interquartile range (IQR): 1277\u20135200) during the first week of life, 463 ng\/l (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 26, IQR: 364\u2013704) at 4 \u00b1 1 weeks of life, and 824 ng\/l (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 33, IQR: 714\u20131233) at a corrected GA of 36 \u00b1 2 weeks. Infants born &lt; 28 + 0 weeks GA had significantly higher NT-proBNP values (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 9, median: 5200, IQR: 1750\u20138972) than infants born \u2265 28 + 0\u201331 weeks GA (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18, median: 1528, IQR: 838\u20133052; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.017). Growth restriction or PDA status could not account for the difference in NT-proBNP values between GA groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: The results of our observational and cross-sectional study describe exploratory reference values for NT-proBNP levels in preterm infants of \u2264 31 weeks GA according to postnatal age. NT-proBNP levels during the first week of life are high and widely distributed in preterm infants and decrease subsequently to reach a distinctly lower and stable plateau at around 1 month of life. Our results suggest an influence of GA on NT-proBNP values in the first week of life.<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Several complications related to prematurity, e.g., hemodynamically significant PDA, pulmonary hypertension, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity, have been associated with a temporary rise in NT-proBNP values in preterm infants during their first weeks of life.<\/jats:italic><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 This observational study provides reference values for NT-proBNP levels of very and extremely preterm infants during their first weeks of life.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 In premature infants without complications, NT-proBNP values during their first week of life depend on gestational age at birth<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03853-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T09:10:40Z","timestamp":1604394640000},"page":"1193-1201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Reference values for N-terminal Pro-brain natriuretic peptide in premature infants during their first weeks of life"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"180","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5676-0880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes-Sophie","family":"Fritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titus","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Kribs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"H\u00fcnseler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"3853_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807303390507","volume":"339","author":"ER Levin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Levin ER, Gardner DG, Samson WK (1998) Natriuretic peptides. 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