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The optimal duration for the first episode remains a matter of debate. The aim of this study is to determine whether the 8 weeks International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) regimen is equally effective as the 12 weeks steroid regimen from the German society of pediatric nephrology (Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr P\u00e4diatrische Nephrologie [APN]). An individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials reporting on prednisolone treatment for a first episode of childhood nephrotic syndrome was conducted. European trials aimed at investigating the ISKDC and\/or APN steroid regimen were selected. The lead investigators of the selected trials were requested to provide the IPD of the specific treatment groups. Four trials included European cohorts using dosing schedules according to the regimens studied. IPD of two trials were available. A significant difference was found in time to first relapse after cessation of steroid treatment between the 8 and 12 weeks treatment group with a median time to relapse of 29 and 63 days, respectively. Moreover, relapse rate ratios during total follow-up were 51% higher for the 8 weeks regimen. Finally, younger children have a significantly lower time to first relapse and frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The results of this IPD meta-analysis suggest that the 8 weeks steroid regimen for a first episode of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome may not be equally effective as the 12 weeks steroid regimen. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of using uniform definitions to enable accurate comparison and interpretation of trial results.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Registration number: CRD42020199244, date of registration 16-08-2020\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Steroids are the cornerstone of the treatment of childhood nephrotic syndrome, however the optimal duration for the first episode remains a matter of debate.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Currently, the 8 weeks ISKDC protocol and 12 weeks APN protocol are among the most frequently used protocols in Europe.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 The 8 weeks steroid regimen for a first episode of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome may not be equally effective as the 12 weeks steroid regimen for the treatment of a first episode of nephrotic syndrome.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Younger children have a significantly shorter time to first relapse and time to frequent relapsing nephrotic syndrome.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04035-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T04:02:30Z","timestamp":1616904150000},"page":"2849-2859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Steroid treatment for the first episode of childhood nephrotic syndrome: comparison of the 8 and 12 weeks regimen using an individual patient data meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"180","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2418-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne M.","family":"Schijvens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nynke","family":"Teeninga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1290-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiske M.","family":"Dorresteijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4103-7451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Teerenstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8572-5446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9725-4856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel F.","family":"Schreuder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"4035_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-1851-8","volume":"26","author":"L El Bakkali","year":"2011","unstructured":"El Bakkali L, Rodrigues Pereira R, Kuik DJ, Ket JC, van Wijk JA (2011) Nephrotic syndrome in the Netherlands: a population-based cohort study and a review of the literature. 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BMJ Open 8:e024882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024882","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024882"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04035-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04035-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04035-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T17:04:49Z","timestamp":1628269489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04035-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["4035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04035-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-6199","1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-6199","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"PREDNOS trial ISRCTN16645249, EudraCT 2010-022489-29, approved by the North West 7 Research Ethics Committee, Manchester, UK (10\/H1008\/122). The trial was carried out under a clinical trial authorization in accordance with the Medicines for Human Use (Clinical Trials) Regulations (21761\/0255\/001-0001) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.Trial Teeninga et al.: NTR255, approved by the medical ethics committee of the Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All participants of the included trials signed informed consent to participate in the respective trials. NA for the IPD meta-analysis.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"NA","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Prof. Webb is currently a full-time employee at Novartis Pharma AG. Dr. Schijvens and prof. Schreuder report a grant from the Dutch Kidney Foundation (awarded to prof. Schreuder) during the conduct of the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}