{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T17:14:09Z","timestamp":1776532449659,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04042-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:02:15Z","timestamp":1617148935000},"page":"3041-3045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in neonates and young infants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"180","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5467-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vana","family":"Spoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Noni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Koukou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Kossyvakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Michos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"4042_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","volume":"323","author":"Z Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu Z, McGoogan JM (2020) Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 323:1239","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"4042_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coronavirus disease 2019 in children - United States, February 12-April 2, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(14):422-6.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6914e4"},{"issue":"9","key":"4042_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30177-2","volume":"4","author":"F G\u00f6tzinger","year":"2020","unstructured":"G\u00f6tzinger F, Santiago-Garc\u00eda B, Noguera-Juli\u00e1n A, Lanaspa M, Lancella L, Cal\u00f2 Carducci FI, Gabrovska N, Velizarova S, Prunk P, Osterman V, Krivec U, Lo Vecchio A, Shingadia D, Soriano-Arandes A, Melendo S, Lanari M, Pierantoni L, Wagner N, L'Huillier AG, Heininger U, Ritz N, Bandi S, Krajcar N, Rogli\u0107 S, Santos M, Christiaens C, Creuven M, Buonsenso D, Welch SB, Bogyi M, Brinkmann F, Tebruegge M, Pfefferle J, Zacharasiewicz A, Berger A, Berger R, Strenger V, Kohlf\u00fcrst DS, Zschocke A, Bernar B, Simma B, Haberlandt E, Thir C, Biebl A, vanden Driessche K, Boiy T, van Brusselen D, Bael A, Debulpaep S, Schelstraete P, Pavic I, Nygaard U, Glenthoej JP, Heilmann Jensen L, Lind I, Tistsenko M, Uustalu \u00dc, Buchtala L, Thee S, Kobbe R, Rau C, Schwerk N, Barker M, Tsolia M, Eleftheriou I, Gavin P, Kozdoba O, Zsigmond B, Valentini P, Iva\u0161keviciene I, Iva\u0161kevicius R, Vilc V, Sch\u00f6lvinck E, Rojahn A, Smyrnaios A, Klingenberg C, Carvalho I, Ribeiro A, Starshinova A, Solovic I, Falc\u00f3n L, Neth O, Minguell L, Bustillo M, Guti\u00e9rrez-S\u00e1nchez AM, Guarch Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez B, Ripoll F, Soto B, K\u00f6tz K, Zimmermann P, Schmid H, Zucol F, Niederer A, Buettcher M, Cetin BS, Bilogortseva O, Chechenyeva V, Demirjian A, Shackley F, McFetridge L, Speirs L, Doherty C, Jones L, McMaster P, Murray C, Child F, Beuvink Y, Makwana N, Whittaker E, Williams A, Fidler K, Bernatoniene J, Song R, Oliver Z, Riordan A (2020) COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study. Lancet Child Adoles Health 4(9):653\u2013661","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adoles Health"},{"key":"4042_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viner RM, Mytton OT, Bonell C, Melendez-Torres GJ, Ward J, Hudson L et al (2020) Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and adolescents compared with adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.20.20108126"},{"issue":"1821","key":"4042_CR5","first-page":"20143085","volume":"282","author":"AK Simon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simon AK, Hollander GA, McMichael A (2015) Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age. Proc Biol Sci 282(1821):20143085","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4042_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18982-9","volume":"11","author":"R Raschetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raschetti R, Vivanti AJ, Vauloup-Fellous C, Loi B, Benachi A, De Luca D (2020) Synthesis and systematic review of reported neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat Commun 11(1):5164","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"4042_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002949","volume":"40","author":"OY Ant\u00fanez-Montes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ant\u00fanez-Montes OY, Escamilla MI, Figueroa-Uribe AF, Arteaga-Menchaca E, Lavariega-Sar\u00e1chaga M, Salcedo-Lozada P, Melchior P, de Oliveira RB, Tirado Caballero JC, Redondo HP, Montes Fontalvo LV, Hernandez R, Chavez C, Campos F, Uribe F, del Aguila O, Rios Aida JA, Buitrago AP, Betancur Londo\u00f1o LM, Mendoza Vega LF, Hern\u00e1ndez CA, Sali M, Higuita Palacio JE, Gomez-Vargas J, Yock-Corrales A, Buonsenso D (2021) COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in Latin American children: a multinational study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 40(1):e1\u2013e6","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"10","key":"4042_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-0715-0","volume":"40","author":"G De Bernardo","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Bernardo G, Giordano M, Zollo G, Chiatto F, Sordino D, De Santis R et al (2020) The clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 positive neonates. J Perinatol 40(10):1462\u20131469","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4042_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e297","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002862","volume":"39","author":"MK Kanburoglu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kanburoglu MK, Tayman C, Oncel MY, Akin IM, Can E, Demir N, Arayici S, Baser DO, Caner I, Memisoglu A, Uygun SS, Akar S, Akin MA, Ataoglu E, Bezirganoglu H, Bilgin L, Bozdag S, Comert S, Gurpinar R, Imamoglu EY, Imdadoglu T, Narter F, Ozdemir R, Toptan HH, Yalinbas EE, Yaman A, Erdeve O, Koc E (2020) A multicentered study on epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 37 neonates with community-acquired COVID-19. Pediatr Infect Dis J 39(10):e297\u2013e302","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"5","key":"4042_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.10.014","volume":"37","author":"TR Kollmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kollmann TR, Levy O, Montgomery RR, Goriely S (2012) Innate immune function by Toll-like receptors: distinct responses in newborns and the elderly. Immunity. 37(5):771\u2013783","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"issue":"3","key":"4042_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2020.04.008","volume":"14","author":"X Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei X, Zeng W, Su J, Wan H, Yu X, Cao X, Tan W, Wang H (2020) Hypolipidemia is associated with the severity of COVID-19. J Clin Lipidol 14(3):297\u2013304","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4042_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30140-1","volume":"4","author":"F Piersigilli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Piersigilli F, Carkeek K, Hocq C, van Grambezen B, Hubinont C, Chatzis O, van der Linden D, Danhaive O (2020) COVID-19 in a 26-week preterm neonate. Lancet Child Adoles Health 4(6):476\u2013478","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adoles Health"},{"issue":"20","key":"4042_CR13","first-page":"31114","volume":"S0022-3476","author":"B Bahar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bahar B, Jacquot C, Mo YD, DeBiasi RL, Campos J, Delaney M (2020) Kinetics of viral clearance and antibody production across age groups in children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. J Pediatr S0022-3476(20):31114\u201331118","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4042_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liotti FM, Menchinelli G, Marchetti S, Posteraro B, Landi F, Sanguinetti M, Cattani P (2020) Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 RNA test results among patients who recovered from COVID-19 with prior negative results. JAMA Intern Med","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.7570"},{"issue":"1","key":"4042_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30396-0","volume":"21","author":"D Buonsenso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buonsenso D, Parri N, De Rose C, Valentini P (2021) Toward a clinically based classification of disease severity for paediatric COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis 21(1):22","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04042-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04042-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04042-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T21:04:36Z","timestamp":1628283876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04042-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["4042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04042-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-6199","1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-6199","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Consent was not required as long as complete anonymity was achieved and the submission did not include data that may identify patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethic statement and consent statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}