{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:08:02Z","timestamp":1767139682308,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministry of Health, Italy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RC:4.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC:4.1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04204-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T16:02:31Z","timestamp":1626537751000},"page":"263-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Differences in individual and environmental factors between cutaneous melanoma and atypical Spitz tumour in children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"181","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7261-0049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Fortes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Mastroeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Capuano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Ricozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Bono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Pagnanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Nudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"4204_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danysh HE, Navai SA, Scheurer ME et al (2019) Malignant melanoma incidence among children and adolescents in Texas and SEER 13, 1995\u20132013. Pediatr Blood Cancer 66, e27648","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27648"},{"key":"4204_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30116-6","volume":"3","author":"EA Merkel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Merkel EA, Mohan LS, Shi K et al (2019) Paediatric melanoma: clinical update, genetic basis, and advances in diagnosis. The Lancet Child & adolescent health 3:646\u2013654","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & adolescent health"},{"key":"4204_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2011.04.008","volume":"203","author":"SJ Hill","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hill SJ, Delman KA (2012) Pediatric melanomas and the atypical spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms. Am J Surg 203:761\u2013767","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"4204_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26578","volume":"118","author":"E Mu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mu E, Lange JR, Strouse JJ (2012) Comparison of the use and results of sentinel lymph node biopsy in children and young adults with melanoma. Cancer 118:2700\u20132707","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"4204_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.08.8310","volume":"25","author":"JR Lange","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lange JR, Palis BE, Chang DC et al (2007) Melanoma in children and teenagers: an analysis of patients from the National Cancer Data Base. Am J Clin Oncol : offic J Am Soc Clin Oncol 25:1363\u20131368","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol: offic J Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4204_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.12.953","volume":"68","author":"KM Cordoro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cordoro KM, Gupta D, Frieden IJ et al (2013) Pediatric melanoma: results of a large cohort study and proposal for modified ABCD detection criteria for children. J Am Acad Dermatol 68:913\u2013925","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"4204_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e178","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70608-9","volume":"15","author":"A Lallas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lallas A, Kyrgidis A, Ferrara G et al (2014) Atypical Spitz tumours and sentinel lymph node biopsy: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol 15:e178\u2013183","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"4204_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14299","volume":"31","author":"C Stefanaki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stefanaki C, Chardalias L, Soura E et al (2017) Paediatric melanoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol : JEADV 31:1604\u20131615","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol : JEADV"},{"key":"4204_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000963","volume":"30","author":"KY Wojcik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wojcik KY, Escobedo LA, Wysong A et al (2019) High birth weight, early UV exposure, and melanoma risk in children, adolescents, and young adults. Epidemiology 30:278\u2013284","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"4204_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4735","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.02.899","volume":"23","author":"JJ Strouse","year":"2005","unstructured":"Strouse JJ, Fears TR, Tucker MA et al (2005) Pediatric melanoma: risk factor and survival analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology and end results database. J Clin Oncol\u202f: Am J Clin Oncol 23:4735\u20134741","journal-title":"Journal of clinical oncology : Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4204_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03653.x","volume":"47","author":"C Fortes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fortes C, de Vries E (2008) Nonsolar occupational risk factors for cutaneous melanoma. Int J Dermatol 47:319\u2013328","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"4204_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fortes C, Mastroeni S, Melchi F et al (2007) The association between residential pesticide use and cutaneous melanoma. Europ J Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 43, 1066\u20131075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2007.01.013"},{"key":"4204_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07319-w","volume":"20","author":"A Coste","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coste A, Bailey HD, Kartal-Kaess M et al (2020) Parental occupational exposure to pesticides and risk of childhood cancer in Switzerland: a census-based cohort study. BMC Cancer 20:819","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"4204_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408548","volume":"123","author":"BD Spycher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spycher BD, Lupatsch JE, Zwahlen M et al (2015) Background ionizing radiation and the risk of childhood cancer: a census-based nationwide cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 123:622\u2013628","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"4204_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1078","volume":"91","author":"C Fortes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fortes C, Mastroeni S, Boffetta P et al (2011) Polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1, sun exposure and the risk of melanoma: a case-control study. Acta Derm Venereol 91:284\u2013289","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"4204_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn132","volume":"37","author":"C Fortes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fortes C, Mastroeni S, Melchi F et al (2008) A protective effect of the Mediterranean diet for cutaneous melanoma. Int J Epidemiol 37:1018\u20131029","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"4204_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.79.2.152","volume":"79","author":"JP Pierce","year":"1989","unstructured":"Pierce JP (1989) International comparisons of trends in cigarette smoking prevalence. Am J Public Health 79:152\u2013157","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"4204_CR18","unstructured":"Freedberg IM EA, Wolf K et al (eds) (1999) Fitzpatrick\u2019s dermatology in general medicine. 5th edn ed. New York"},{"key":"4204_CR19","unstructured":"English DR MLR (1990) Epidemiological studies of melanocytic naevi protocol for identifying and recording naevi. IARC internal report n8 90\/002. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer"},{"key":"4204_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0b013e32833b492f","volume":"19","author":"C Fortes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fortes C, Mastroeni S, Bakos L et al (2010) Identifying individuals at high risk of melanoma: a simple tool. Eur J Cancer Prev : Offic J Eur J Cancer Prev Orga (ECP) 19:393\u2013400","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev : Offic J Eur J Cancer Prev Orga (ECP)"},{"key":"4204_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043497","volume":"85","author":"M de Onis","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E et al (2007) Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ 85:660\u2013667","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"4204_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0b013e32832caab5","volume":"18","author":"C Fortes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fortes C, Mastroeni S, Boffetta P et al (2009) Reliability of self-reported household pesticide use. Eur J Cancer Prev : Offic J Eur J Cancer Prev Orga (ECP) 18:404\u2013406","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev : Offic J Eur J Cancer Prev Orga (ECP)"},{"key":"4204_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.09.049","volume":"72","author":"D Massi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Massi D, Tomasini C, Senetta R et al (2015) Atypical Spitz tumors in patients younger than 18 years. J Am Acad Dermatol 72:37\u201346","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"4204_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12905","volume":"29","author":"S Kontautiene","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kontautiene S, Stang A, Gollnick H et al (2015) The role of phenotype, body mass index, parental and sun exposure factors in the prevalence of melanocytic nevi among schoolchildren in Lithuania. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol : JEADV 29:1506\u20131516","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol : JEADV"},{"key":"4204_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodvall Y, Wahlgren CF, Wiklund K (2019) Future reduction of cutaneous malignant melanoma due to improved sun protection habits and decreased common melanocytic nevi density among Swedish children?: A follow-up from 2002 to 2012. Europ J cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 118, 149\u2013155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.06.016"},{"key":"4204_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12584","volume":"30","author":"E Clement","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clement E, Lazar I, Muller C et al (2017) Obesity and melanoma: could fat be fueling malignancy? Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 30:294\u2013306","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"4204_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.01.028","volume":"78","author":"G Morpurgo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morpurgo G, Fioretti B, Catacuzzeno L (2012) The increased incidence of malignant melanoma in obese individuals is due to impaired melanogenesis and melanocyte DNA repair. Med Hypotheses 78:533\u2013535","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04302-w","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635552000000}}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04204-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04204-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04204-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T21:14:30Z","timestamp":1642194870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04204-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04204-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-6199","1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-6199","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2021","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04302-w","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04302-w","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethical Committee (no. 425 CE\/2014) of the Istituto Dermopatico Dell\u2019Immacolata Concezione (IDI-IRCCS).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from parents and individuals participating in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}