{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:21:51Z","timestamp":1793229711211,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636502400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Emma foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the perception of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) regarding monitoring tests, we first compared the reported discomfort and patient perspective during gastro-intestinal (GI)-endoscopy, magnetic resonance entrography (MRE), and ultrasound (US) and, in a second comparison, patient preference on non-invasive tests (venipuncture, sampling stool and US). A cross-sectional study in children 8\u201318 years undergoing an US, MRE, and GI-endoscopy for diagnosis or follow-up of IBD. After each procedure, the children filled out the Discomfort during research procedures questionnaire (DISCO-RC). Items of the DISCO-RC are as follows: nervousness, annoyance, pain, fright, boredom, and tiredness. Answers range from \u201cnot\u201d (=\u20090 points) to \u201cextremely\u201d (=\u20094 points) (range total score: 0\u201324). Differences between the procedures were assessed with Friedman test, with subsequent Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The children were also asked which non-invasive test they preferred not to undergo regularly (venipuncture, stool-sampling, or US). Answers were analyzed with <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>-test. Forty-nine patients (27 (55%) female, median age 15 (range 9\u201317)) were included. The children reported to be most nervous, frightened, and tired after GI-endoscopy (median: 1, 1, 2 points, respectively), equally annoyed by MRE and GI-endoscopy (median 1 point), and equally bored by MRE and US. GI-endoscopy was ranked as most discomfortable, followed by MRE and US (total DISCO-RC scores: 7 vs. 5 vs. 2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Most of the children preferred not to sample stool or perform venipuncture regularly (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920 (41%, both) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001)).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: Our results suggest that the children with IBD report low discomfort after US, MRE, and GI-endoscopy. US is preferred as a monitoring tool, also among non-invasive monitoring tests. GI-endoscopy was most discomfortable.\n<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Children with inflammatory bowel disease need to be monitored frequently for disease activity.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Adult studies \u2014 including a systematic review \u2014 on acceptability of monitoring tools among IBD patients showed mixed results.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Children in our study ranked gastro-intestinal endoscopy as most discomfortable, followed by MRE and US.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 With regard to non-invasive monitoring, most children preferred not to sample stool or perform venipuncture regularly, and preferred US.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04315-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T11:04:43Z","timestamp":1636542283000},"page":"1143-1149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The child\u2019s perception on monitoring inflammatory bowel disease activity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"181","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3149-953X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa A.","family":"van Wassenaer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9e R.","family":"van der Klift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira S.","family":"Staphorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna H.","family":"van der Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Benninga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart G. P.","family":"Koot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4315_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy113","volume":"13","author":"C Maaser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maaser C, Sturm A, Vavricka SR et al (2019) ECCO-ESGAR guideline for diagnostic assessment in IBD part 1: initial diagnosis, monitoring of known IBD, detection of complications. J Crohn\u2019s Colitis 13(2):144-164K. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy113","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4315_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa161","volume":"15","author":"PF van Rheenen","year":"2021","unstructured":"van Rheenen PF, Aloi M, Assa A et al (2021) The Medical management of paediatric Crohn\u2019s disease: an ECCO-ESPGHAN guideline update. 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The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Amsterdam UMC, location AMC.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All the children aged 12 years and above and all parents of the children aged 15 and below gave a written informed consent prior to the start of the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}