{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:12:49Z","timestamp":1792782769307,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The foundation of 1844"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most children have a mild course of acute COVID-19. Only few mainly non-controlled studies with small sample size have evaluated long-term recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate symptoms and duration of \u2018long COVID\u2019 in children. A nationwide cohort study of 37,522 children aged 0\u201317\u00a0years with RT-PCR verified SARS-CoV-2 infection (response rate 44.9%) and a control group of 78,037 children (response rate 21.3%). An electronic questionnaire was sent to all children from March 24th until May 9th, 2021. Symptoms lasting\u2009&gt;\u20094\u00a0weeks were common among both SARS-CoV-2 children and controls. However, SARS-CoV-2 children aged 6\u201317\u00a0years reported symptoms more frequently than the control group (percent difference 0.8%). The most reported symptoms among pre-school children were fatigue Risk Difference (RD) 0.05 (CI 0.04\u20130.06), loss of smell RD 0.01 (CI 0.01\u20130.01), loss of taste RD 0.01 (CI 0.01\u20130.02) and muscle weakness RD 0.01 (CI 0.00\u20130.01). Among school children the most significant symptoms were loss of smell RD 0.12 (CI 0.12\u20130.13), loss of taste RD 0.10 (CI 0.09\u20130.10), fatigue RD 0.05 (CI 0.05\u20130.06), respiratory problems RD 0.03 (CI 0.03\u20130.04), dizziness RD 0.02 (CI 0.02\u20130.03), muscle weakness RD 0.02 (CI 0.01\u20130.02) and chest pain RD 0.01 (CI 0.01\u20130.01). Children in the control group experienced significantly more concentration difficulties, headache, muscle and joint pain, cough, nausea, diarrhea and fever than SARS-CoV-2 infected. In most children \u2018long COVID\u2019 symptoms resolved within 1\u20135\u00a0months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Long COVID in children\u00a0is rare and mainly of short duration.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 There are increasing reports on \u2018long COVID\u2019 in adults.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Only few studies have evaluated the long-term recovery from COVID-19 in children, and common for all studies is a small sample size (median number of children included 330), and most lack a control group.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 0.8% of SARS-CoV-2 positive children reported symptoms lasting &gt;4 weeks (\u2018long COVID\u2019), when compared to a control group.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 The most common \u2018long COVID\u2019 symptoms were fatigue, loss of smell and loss of taste, dizziness, muscle weakness, chest pain and respiratory problems.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 These \u2018long COVID\u2019 symptoms cannot be assigned to psychological sequelae of social restrictions.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Symptoms such as concentration difficulties, headache, muscle- and joint pain as well as nausea are not \u2018long COVID\u2019 symptoms.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 In most cases \u2018long COVID\u2019 symptoms resolve within 1-5 months.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04345-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]],"date-time":"2022-01-08T19:03:07Z","timestamp":1641668587000},"page":"1597-1607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":258,"title":["Long COVID symptoms and duration in SARS-CoV-2 positive children \u2014 a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"181","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1054-0601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luise","family":"Borch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svend","family":"Ellermann-Eriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soeren","family":"Hagstroem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"4345_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3249","volume":"370","author":"OV Swann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swann OV, Holden KA, Turtle L et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of children and young people admitted to hospital with covid-19 in United Kingdom: prospective multicentre observational cohort study. 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