{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:55:25Z","timestamp":1793332525196,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007437","name":"TrygFonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007437","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University College Lillebaelt"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006356","name":"Syddansk Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004825","name":"Nordea-fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The IMK foundation"},{"name":"The Region of Southern Denmark"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009902","name":"Egmont Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The A.J. Andersen Foundation"},{"name":"The Danish Rheumatism Association"},{"name":"\u00d8stifternes Foundation"},{"name":"Brd. Hartmann\u2019s Foundation"},{"name":"TEAM Denmark"},{"name":"The Danish Chiropractor Foundation"},{"name":"The Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04369-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T22:02:39Z","timestamp":1642111359000},"page":"1727-1736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Spinal pain in childhood: prevalence, trajectories, and diagnoses in children 6 to 17\u00a0years of age"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"181","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6959-325X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"H\u00e9bert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber M.","family":"Beynon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bobby L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinchin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Shrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hartvigsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Leboeuf-Yde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Hestb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Swain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Junge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Wedderkopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"4369_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-14","volume":"13","author":"I Calvo-Munoz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Calvo-Munoz I, Gomez-Conesa A, Sanchez-Meca J (2013) Prevalence of low back pain in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 13:14","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"4369_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000199958.04073.d9","volume":"31","author":"L Hestbaek","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Kyvik KO, Manniche C (2006) The course of low back pain from adolescence to adulthood: eight-year follow-up of 9600 twins. Spine 31:468\u2013472","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"4369_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","volume":"396","author":"GBD Diseases","year":"2020","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators (2020) Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 396:1204\u20131222","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4369_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.115535","volume":"93","author":"PJ Davis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Davis PJ, Williams HJ (2008) The investigation and management of back pain in children. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 93:73\u201383","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed"},{"key":"4369_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181651bc8","volume":"28","author":"NN Bhatia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bhatia NN, Chow G, Timon SJ, Watts HG (2008) Diagnostic modalities for the evaluation of pediatric back pain: a prospective study. J Pediatr Orthop 28:230\u2013233","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"4369_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.10.778","volume":"57","author":"D Kuh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y, Lynch J, Hallqvist J, Power C (2003) Life course epidemiology. J Epidemiol Community Health 57:778\u2013783","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"4369_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1071-2","volume":"17","author":"A Kongsted","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kongsted A, Kent P, Axen I, Downie AS, Dunn KM (2016) What have we learned from ten years of trajectory research in low back pain? BMC Musculoskelet Disord 17:220","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"4369_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Junge T, Wedderkopp N, Boyle E, Kjaer P (2019) The natural course of low back pain from childhood to young adulthood - a systematic review.\u00a0Chiropr Man Ther 27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-018-0231-x"},{"key":"4369_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.006","volume":"152","author":"KM Dunn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dunn KM, Jordan KP, Mancl L, Drangsholt MT, Le Resche L (2011) Trajectories of pain in adolescents: a prospective cohort study. Pain 152:66\u201373","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4369_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06677-0","volume":"30","author":"AM Beynon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beynon AM, H\u00e9bert JJ, Beales DJ, Jacques A, Walker BF (2021) Multi-trajectory analysis of C-reactive protein and low back pain from adolescence to early adulthood. Eur Spine J 30:1028\u20131034","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"4369_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wedderkopp N, Jespersen E, Franz C, Klakk H, Heidemann M, Christiansen C, Moller NC, Leboeuf-Yde C (2012) Study protocol. The Childhood Health, Activity, and Motor Performance School Study Denmark (The CHAMPS-study DK). BMC Pediatr 12:128","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-128"},{"key":"4369_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-014-0121-0","volume":"11","author":"N Moller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moller N, Tarp J, Kamelarczyk E, Brond J, Klakk H, Wedderkopp N (2014) Do extra compulsory physical education lessons mean more physically active children - findings from the childhood health, activity, and motor performance school study Denmark (The CHAMPS-study DK). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 11:121","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"4369_CR13","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (1992) International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. Geneva. ICD-10 1(10)."},{"key":"4369_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1240","volume":"320","author":"TJ Cole","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH (2000) Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 320:1240\u20131243","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4369_CR15","unstructured":"Tanner JM (1962) Growth at adolescence, with a general consideration of the effects of hereditary and environmental factors upon growth and maturation from birth to maturity.2d edn. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford"},{"key":"4369_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.66.6.918","volume":"66","author":"PM Duke","year":"1980","unstructured":"Duke PM, Litt IF, Gross RT (1980) Adolescents\u2019 self-assessment of sexual maturation. Pediatrics 66:918\u2013920","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4369_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-5823.2010.00103.x","volume":"78","author":"RR Andridge","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andridge RR, Little RJ (2010) A review of hot deck imputation for survey non-response. Int Stat Rev 78:40\u201364","journal-title":"Int Stat Rev"},{"key":"4369_CR18","unstructured":"Wang C, Stokes T, Steele R, Wedderkopp N, Shrier I (2020) Implementing multiple imputation for missing data in longitudinal studies when models are not feasible: a tutorial on the random hot deck approach. p arXiv:2004.06630"},{"key":"4369_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131413","volume":"6","author":"DS Nagin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nagin DS, Odgers CL (2010) Group-based trajectory modeling in clinical research. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 6:109\u2013138","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"4369_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674041318","volume-title":"Group-based modeling of development","author":"D Nagin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nagin D (2005) Group-based modeling of development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass"},{"key":"4369_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1859-8","volume":"18","author":"S Fuglkjaer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fuglkjaer S, Hartvigsen J, Wedderkopp N, Boyle E, Jespersen E, Junge T, Larsen LR, Hestbaek L (2017) Musculoskeletal extremity pain in Danish school children - how often and for how long?\u00a0The CHAMPS study-DK. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18:492","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"4369_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12095","volume":"24","author":"E Jespersen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jespersen E, Holst R, Franz C, Rexen CT, Klakk H, Wedderkopp N (2014) Overuse and traumatic extremity injuries in schoolchildren surveyed with weekly text messages over 2.5 years. Scand J Med Sci Sports 24:807\u2013813","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"4369_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-05905-6","volume":"28","author":"JJ H\u00e9bert","year":"2019","unstructured":"H\u00e9bert JJ, Leboeuf-Yde C, Franz C, Lardon A, Hestb\u00e6k L, Manson N, Wedderkopp N (2019) Pubertal development and growth are prospectively associated with spinal pain in young people (CHAMPS study-DK). Eur Spine J 28:1565\u20131571","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"4369_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2364","volume":"128","author":"KA Janssens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Janssens KA, Rosmalen JG, Ormel J, Verhulst FC, Hunfeld JA, Mancl LA, Oldehinkel AJ, LeResche L (2011) Pubertal status predicts back pain, overtiredness, and dizziness in American and Dutch adolescents. Pediatrics 128:553\u2013559","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4369_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7555.1430","volume":"332","author":"BW Koes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koes BW, van Tulder MW, Thomas S (2006) Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain. BMJ 332:1430\u20131434","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4369_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedman DJ, Tulloh L, Khan KM (2021) Peeling off musculoskeletal labels: sticks and stones may break my bones, but diagnostic labels can hamstring me forever. Br J Sports Med","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-103998"},{"key":"4369_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2013.10.004","volume":"27","author":"I Axen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Axen I, Leboeuf-Yde C (2013) Trajectories of low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 27:601\u2013612","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"4369_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2013.09.007","volume":"27","author":"KM Dunn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dunn KM, Hestbaek L, Cassidy JD (2013) Low back pain across the life course. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 27:591\u2013600","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"4369_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X","volume":"391","author":"J Hartvigsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hartvigsen J, Hancock MJ, Kongsted A, Louw Q, Ferreira ML, Genevay S, Hoy D, Karppinen J, Pransky G, Sieper J, Smeets RJ, Underwood M, Working LLBPS G (2018) What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention. Lancet 391:2356\u20132367","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4369_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30489-6","volume":"391","author":"NE Foster","year":"2018","unstructured":"Foster NE, Anema JR, Cherkin D, Chou R, Cohen SP, Gross DP, Ferreira PH, Fritz JM, Koes BW, Peul W, Turner JA, Maher CG, Working LLBPS, G, (2018) Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions. Lancet 391:2368\u20132383","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4369_CR31","unstructured":"UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management"},{"key":"4369_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-016-0104-0","volume":"24","author":"SJ Kamper","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamper SJ, Dissing KB, Hestbaek L (2016) Whose pain is it anyway? Comparability of pain reports from children and their parents. Chiropr Man Therap 24:24","journal-title":"Chiropr Man Therap"},{"key":"4369_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/09332480.2019.1579578","volume":"32","author":"MA Hern\u00e1n","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1n MA, Hsu J, Healy B (2019) A second chance to get causal inference right: a classification of data science tasks. Chance 32:42\u201349","journal-title":"Chance"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04369-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04369-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04369-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T09:21:55Z","timestamp":1648545715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04369-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04369-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Regional Scientific Ethical Committee of Southern Denmark (ID S-20080047) and registered with the Danish Data Protection Agency (J.nr. 2008\u201341-2240).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All participating children gave verbal assent and parents provided written informed consent prior to enrollment.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.\u00a0Prof H\u00e9bert receives salary and research\u00a0support from the Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation and the New Brunswick Health Research Foundation.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}