{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:23:13Z","timestamp":1786980193800,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the PECARN Rule (PR) in reducing radiological investigations in children with mild traumatic head injury in comparison with current clinical practice. A retrospective study was performed in our hospital between July 2015 and June 2020. Data of all children\u2009&lt;\u200918\u00a0years of age admitted to the emergency department (ED), within 24\u00a0h after a head trauma with GCS\u2009\u2265\u200914, were analyzed. PECARN Rule was retrospectively applied to all patients. In total, 3832 patients were enrolled, 2613 patients\u2009\u2265\u20092\u00a0years and 1219\u2009&lt;\u20092\u00a0years. In the group of children\u2009\u2265\u20092\u00a0years, 10 presented clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI) and were hospitalized, 7\/10 underwent neurosurgery, and 3\/10 clinical observation in the pediatric ward for more than 48\u00a0h. In children\u2009&lt;\u20092\u00a0years, only 3 patients presented ciTBI, 2 underwent neurosurgery and 1 hospitalized. Applying the PR, no patient with ciTBI would have been discharged without an accurate diagnosis and we would have avoided 139 CT scans in patients\u2009\u2265\u20092\u00a0years, and 23 in those\u2009&lt;\u20092\u00a0years of age (29% less).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    : We demonstrated the safety and validity of the PR in our setting with 100% sensitivity in both age groups in identifying patients with ciTBI and theoretically in reducing performed CT scans by 29%. Therefore, in patients classified in the low-risk category, it is a duty not to expose the child to ionizing radiation.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 CT is the gold standard to identify intracranial pathology in children with head injury but CT imaging of head-injured children expose them to higher carcinogenic risk.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 PECARN Rules support doctors in identifying children with ciTBI in order to reduce exposure to ionizing radiation.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 We demonstrate the safety and validity of the PR with 100% sensitivity in both age groups in identifying patients with ciTBI.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 In our setting, the application of PECARN Rule would theoretically have allowed us to reduce the CT scan by 29%.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04424-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T17:02:46Z","timestamp":1645549366000},"page":"2147-2154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["PECARN Rule in diagnostic process of pediatric patients with minor head trauma in emergency department"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Gambacorta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonietta","family":"Curatola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Brancato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Covino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Chiaretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8778-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"4424_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200611000-00009","volume":"21","author":"W Rutland-Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rutland-Brown W, Langlois JA, Thomas KE et al (2006) (2003) Incidence of traumatic brain injury in the United States. 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