{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:48:03Z","timestamp":1791478083993,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To gain insight in the availability of guidelines, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies and whether clinical equipoise regarding optimal treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in prematurity is present. We hypothesized that (co-)authors of PDA-related papers were more likely to screen for a PDA and would treat earlier and more aggressively. An international internet-based survey between September 2019 and March 2020 in which we collected (1) baseline characteristics; (2) availability of guidelines; (3) screening strategy for PDA; (4) diagnostic criteria for hemodynamic significance; (5) treatment strategy; and (6) metrics of treatment efficacy. Finally, ten clinical equipoise statements were posed on a Likert scale. In total, 144 surveys were sent, of which 71\/144 (49%) surveys could be analyzed with 56\/71 (79%) fully completed surveys. The respondents, mainly neonatologists in a level III neonatal intensive care unit, of whom 36\/71 (51%) had (co-)authored a publication on the PDA, highlighted a lack of national guidelines, heterogeneous approach to screening strategies, and marked variability in diagnostic criteria to assess hemodynamic significance, treatment strategies and effect measurement. No major significant differences were observed between respondents who did or did not (co-)author a publication on the PDA. Respondents who screened for PDA scored significantly higher on the need for screening, early and aggressive treatment. Remarkably, the scores of all statements regarding clinical equipoise varied widely.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>\u00a0 \u00a0Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: Our survey highlights the lack of guidelines and enormous heterogeneity in current practice. Current evidence is not robust enough to harmonize current treatment strategies into (inter)national guidelines.<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022\u00a0Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) incidence is inversely related to gestational age.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Although early pharmacological treatment induces PDA closure, optimal treatment is debated due to the lack of beneficial effects on outcome.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 In the absence of (inter)national guidelines, diagnostic and treatment strategies are heterogeneous and contradictory, even in a selected hemodynamically- interested group.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Different PDA screening strategies did, while PDA publication status did not, show significant differences in treatment strategy and responses to equipoise statements.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04441-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T08:19:42Z","timestamp":1647677982000},"page":"2459-2468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Survey highlighting the lack of consensus on diagnosis and treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in prematurity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"181","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5143-2845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Hundscheid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afif","family":"El-Khuffash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem P.","family":"de Boode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"4441_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.1896","volume":"319","author":"S Mitra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mitra S, Florez ID, Tamayo ME, Mbuagbaw L, Vanniyasingam T, Veroniki AA, Zea AM, Zhang Y, Sadeghirad B, Thabane L (2018) Association of placebo, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen with closure of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 319(12):1221\u20131238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.1896","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"4441_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1215-7","volume":"18","author":"T Hundscheid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hundscheid T, Onland W, van Overmeire B, Dijk P, van Kaam A, Dijkman KP, Kooi EMW, Villamor E, Kroon AA, Visser R, Vijlbrief DC, de Tollenaer SM, Cools F, van Laere D, Johansson AB, Hocq C, Zecic A, Adang E, Donders R, de Vries W, van Heijst AFJ, de Boode WP (2018) Early treatment versus expectative management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial in Europe (BeNeDuctus trial). BMC Pediatr 18(1):262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-018-1215-7","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"4441_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jansen EJS, Hundscheid T, Onland W, Kooi EMW, Andriessen P, de Boode WP (2021) Factors associated with benefit of treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 9(45). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.626262","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.626262"},{"key":"4441_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ngo S, Profit J, Gould JB, Lee HC (2017) Trends in patent ductus arteriosus diagnosis and management for very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 139(4):e20162390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-2390","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2390"},{"issue":"72\u201377","key":"4441_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.04.066","volume":"177","author":"P Harkin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harkin P, Harma A, Aikio O, Valkama M, Leskinen M, Saarela T, Hallman M (2016) Paracetamol accelerates closure of the ductus arteriosus after premature birth: a randomized trial. J Pediatr 177(72\u201377):e72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.04.066","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"13","key":"4441_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1653946","volume":"35","author":"O Hochwald","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hochwald O, Mainzer G, Borenstein-Levin L, Jubran H, Dinur G, Zucker M, Mor M, Khoury A, Kugelman A (2018) Adding paracetamol to ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Am J Perinatol 35(13):1319\u20131325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1653946","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4441_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02468.x","volume":"101","author":"I Zonnenberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zonnenberg I, de Waal K (2012) The definition of a haemodynamic significant duct in randomized controlled trials: a systematic literature review. Acta Paediatr 101(3):247\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02468.x","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"4441_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04178-w","author":"K Babla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Babla K, Duffy D, Dumitru R, Richards J, Kulkarni A (2021) Repeatability of PDA diameter measurements on echocardiography. Eur J Pediatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04178-w","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"4441_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.028","volume":"167","author":"A El-Khuffash","year":"2015","unstructured":"El-Khuffash A, James AT, Corcoran JD, Dicker P, Franklin O, Elsayed YN, Ting JY, Sehgal A, Malikiwi A, Harabor A, Soraisham AS, McNamara PJ (2015) A patent ductus arteriosus severity score predicts chronic lung disease or death before discharge. J Pediatr 167(6):1354\u2013136 e1352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.028","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4441_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.11.008","volume":"34","author":"DR Rios","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rios DR, Martins FdF, El-Khuffash A, Weisz DE, Giesinger RE, McNamara PJ (2021) Early role of the atrial-level communication in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 34(4):423\u2013432.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2020.11.008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"4441_CR11","unstructured":"Castor EDC (2019) Castor electronic data capture. https:\/\/castoredc.com. Accessed 28 Aug 2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"4441_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.080372","volume":"179","author":"KE Burns","year":"2008","unstructured":"Burns KE, Duffett M, Kho ME, Meade MO, Adhikari NK, Sinuff T, Cook DJ (2008) A guide for the design and conduct of self-administered surveys of clinicians. CMAJ 179(3):245\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.080372","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"4441_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34","volume":"6","author":"G Eysenbach","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eysenbach G (2004) Improving the quality of Web surveys: the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). J Med Internet Res 6(3):e34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4441_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1999","volume":"130","author":"Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn (2012) Levels of neonatal care. Pediatrics 130(3):587\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2012-1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"4441_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F424","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.118117","volume":"92","author":"PJ McNamara","year":"2007","unstructured":"McNamara PJ, Sehgal A (2007) Towards rational management of the patent ductus arteriosus: the need for disease staging. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 92(6):F424-427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2007.118117","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"4441_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12729","volume":"14","author":"S Sathanandam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sathanandam S, Whiting S, Cunningham J, Zurakowski D, Apalodimas L, Waller BR, Philip R, Qureshi AM (2019) Practice variation in the management of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants in the United States: survey results among cardiologists and neonatologists. Congenit Heart Dis 14(1):6\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/chd.12729","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"4441_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Evans P, O\u2019Reilly D, Flyer JN, Soll R, Mitra S (2021) Indomethacin for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1(1):Cd013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013133.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013133.pub2"},{"issue":"18","key":"4441_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1456520","volume":"32","author":"LA Dowd","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dowd LA, Wheeler BJ, Al-Sallami HS, Broadbent RS, Edmonds LK, Medlicott NJ (2019) Paracetamol treatment for patent ductus arteriosus: practice and attitudes in Australia and New Zealand. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 32(18):3039\u20133044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2018.1456520","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"4441_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Juuj\u00e4rvi S, Saarela T, Hallman M, Aikio O (2021) Trial of paracetamol for premature newborns: five-year follow-up. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 1\u20133.\u00a0epub ahead of print\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2021.1875444","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1875444"},{"key":"4441_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03780-8","author":"C Dani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dani C, Lista G, Bianchi S, Mosca F, Schena F, Ramenghi L, Zecca E, Vento G, Poggi C, Leonardi V, Minghetti D, Rosignoli MT, Calisti F, Comandini A, Cattaneo A, Lipone P (2020) Intravenous paracetamol in comparison with ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pediatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-020-03780-8","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"4441_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.06.034","volume":"177","author":"JN van den Anker","year":"2016","unstructured":"van den Anker JN, Allegaert K (2016) Acetaminophen to prevent symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus: another drug bites the dust?. J Pediatr 177:7\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.06.034","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4441_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.02.046","volume":"198","author":"JN van den Anker","year":"2018","unstructured":"van den Anker JN, Allegaert K (2018) Acetaminophen in the neonatal intensive care unit: shotgun approach or silver bullet. J Pediatr 198:10\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.02.046","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"41\u201348","key":"4441_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.09.012","volume":"205","author":"RI Clyman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clyman RI, Liebowitz M, Kaempf J, Erdeve O, Bulbul A, Hakansson S, Lindqvist J, Farooqi A, Katheria A, Sauberan J, Singh J, Nelson K, Wickremasinghe A, Dong L, Hassinger DC, Aucott SW, Hayashi M, Heuchan AM, Carey WA, Derrick M, Fernandez E, Sankar M, Leone T, Perez J, Serize A, Investigators P-TT (2019) PDA-TOLERATE Trial: an exploratory randomized controlled trial of treatment of moderate-to-large patent ductus arteriosus at 1 week of age. J Pediatr 205(41\u201348):e46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.09.012","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4441_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noureldein M, Hu K, Groucutt J, Heaver R, Gurusamy K (2020) Paracetamol for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a UK national survey. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2020.1752652","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1752652"},{"key":"4441_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benitz WE (2016) Patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Pediatrics 137(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2015-3730","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3730"},{"key":"4441_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mitra S, Scrivens A, von Kursell AM, Disher T (2020) Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12:Cd013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013278.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013278.pub2"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4441_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0077-x","volume":"84","author":"D van Laere","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Laere D, van Overmeire B, Gupta S, El-Khuffash A, Savoia M, McNamara PJ, Schwarz CE, de Boode WP (2018) Application of NPE in the assessment of a patent ductus arteriosus. Pediatr Res 84(Suppl 1):46\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-018-0077-x","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"4441_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.2927","volume":"26","author":"KM Broadhouse","year":"2013","unstructured":"Broadhouse KM, Price AN, Durighel G, Cox DJ, Finnemore AE, Edwards AD, Hajnal JV, Groves AM (2013) Assessment of PDA shunt and systemic blood flow in newborns using cardiac MRI. NMR Biomed 26(9):1135\u20131141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nbm.2927","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"issue":"6","key":"4441_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.06.013","volume":"155","author":"KB Carmo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carmo KB, Evans N, Paradisis M (2009) Duration of indomethacin treatment of the preterm patent ductus arteriosus as directed by echocardiography. J Pediatr 155(6):819\u2013822.e811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.06.013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"4441_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.846312","volume":"27","author":"MC Bravo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bravo MC, Caba\u00f1as F, Riera J, P\u00e9rez-Fern\u00e1ndez E, Quero J, P\u00e9rez-Rodr\u00edguez J, Pellicer A (2014) Randomised controlled clinical trial of standard versus echocardiographically guided ibuprofen treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a pilot study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 27(9):904\u2013909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14767058.2013.846312","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4441_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F197","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.81.3.f197","volume":"81","author":"BH Su","year":"1999","unstructured":"Su BH, Peng CT, Tsai CH (1999) Echocardiographic flow pattern of patent ductus arteriosus: a guide to indomethacin treatment in premature infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 81(3):F197\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/fn.81.3.f197","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"5","key":"4441_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.94.5.719","volume":"94","author":"J Garland","year":"1994","unstructured":"Garland J, Buck R, Weinberg M (1994) Pulmonary hemorrhage risk in infants with a clinically diagnosed patent ductus arteriosus: a retrospective cohort study. Pediatrics 94(5):719\u2013723","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"4441_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F345","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.173724","volume":"95","author":"A Sehgal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sehgal A, Mak W, Dunn M, Kelly E, Whyte H, McCrindle B, McNamara PJ (2010) Haemodynamic changes after delivery room surfactant administration to very low birth weight infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 95(5):F345\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2009.173724","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"4441_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.1447","author":"SI Sung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sung SI, Lee MH, Ahn SY, Chang YS, Park WS (2020) Effect of nonintervention vs oral ibuprofen in patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.1447","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4441_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05324-3","volume":"22","author":"JL Bell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bell JL, Gupta S, Juszczak E, Hardy P, Linsell L (2021) Baby-OSCAR: outcome after selective early treatment for closure of patent ductus ARteriosus in preterm babies-a statistical analysis plan for short-term outcomes. Trials 22(1):368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-021-05324-3","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"4441_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05594-x","volume":"22","author":"T Hundscheid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hundscheid T, Donders R, Onland W, Kooi EMW, Vijlbrief DC, de Vries WB, Nuytemans DHGM, van Overmeire B, Mulder AL, de Boode WP, Dijk PH, van Kaam AHLC, de Baat T, Dijkman KP, Villamor E, Kroon AA, Visser R, de Tollenaer SM, Cools F, Meeus M, Johansson A-B, Derriks F, Hocq C, Zecic A, Henriksen TB, Kyng KJ, on behalf of the BeNeDuctus trial study g (2021) Multi-centre, randomised non-inferiority trial of early treatment versus expectant management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants (the BeNeDuctus trial): statistical analysis plan. Trials 22(1):627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-021-05594-x","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"4441_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1722329","author":"SD Shah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shah SD, Makker K, Nandula P, Smotherman C, Kropf A, Hudak ML (2021) Effectiveness of dual medication therapy (oral acetaminophen and oral ibuprofen) for the management of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely premature infants: a feasibility trial. Am J Perinatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1722329","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"4441_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hundscheid T, Jansen EJS, Onland W, Kooi EMW, Andriessen P, de Boode WP (2021) Conservative management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants\u2013a systematic review and meta-analyses assessing differences in outcome measures between randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. Front Pediatr 9(44). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.626261","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.626261"},{"key":"4441_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.558256","volume":"8","author":"A Fraisse","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fraisse A, Bautista-Rodriguez C, Burmester M, Lane M, Singh Y (2020) Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in infants with weight under 1,500 grams. Front Pediatr 8:558256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2020.558256","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-022-04441-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-022-04441-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-022-04441-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T12:17:02Z","timestamp":1652703422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-022-04441-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["4441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-022-04441-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"A waiver has been obtained for this study from the Ethical committee at the Radboud University Medical Center (#2021\u20137469).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}