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The low-grade systemic inflammatory status associated with obesity could be one of the connections with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus, we aimed to assess the relationship between inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers and the development of MetS during puberty. Seventy-five children from the PUBMEP study (33 females), aged 4\u201318\u00a0years, were included. Cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in the prepubertal and pubertal stage, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF\u03b1), interleukin 8 (IL8), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), total plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (tPAI), resistin, adiponectin, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1). MetS was diagnosed at each measurement point. Mixed-effects and logistic regressions were performed. Those children with MetS in puberty presented higher prepubertal values of several cardiometabolic biomarkers in comparison to those without MetS (z-score body mass index (zBMI), waist circumference, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, and tPAI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05)). For prepubertal children with obesity, the odds of developing MetS in puberty were significantly higher in those having high zBMI (OR\u2009=\u20094.27; CI: 1.39\u201322.59) or high concentrations of tPAI (OR\u2009=\u20091.19; CI: 1.06\u20131.43).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: Those with obesity with higher prepubertal tPAI plasma levels had 19% higher odds of having MetS at puberty highlighting the existence of association between MetS, obesity, and inflammation already in puberty. Thus, assessing cardiometabolic and inflammatory status in children with obesity already at prepuberty is key to avoiding future comorbidities.<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and obesity may have their onset in childhood.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Puberty is a life stage characterized for an increased cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Prepuberty state could be an early indicator of future cardiometabolic risk.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Children with obesity and high total plasminogen have higher odds of future metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04702-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T03:03:07Z","timestamp":1668481387000},"page":"419-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Longitudinal associations between cardiovascular biomarkers and metabolic syndrome during puberty: the PUBMEP study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Esther M.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusto","family":"Anguita-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Kal\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"De las Lamas Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azahara I.","family":"Rup\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Cobela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Gil-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosaura","family":"Leis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n M.","family":"Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4702_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362","volume":"377","author":"GBDO Collaborators","year":"2017","unstructured":"Collaborators GBDO, Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K et al (2017) Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. 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Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26(10):2200\u20132207","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"4702_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vecchiola A, Garc\u00eda K, Gonz\u00e1lez-G\u00f3mez LM, Tapia-Castillo A, Artigas R, Baudrand R et al (2021) Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adiponectin are associated with metabolic syndrome components. Am J Hypertens 35(4):311\u2013318","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpab138"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-022-04702-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-022-04702-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-022-04702-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T15:19:44Z","timestamp":1673623184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-022-04702-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-022-04702-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The PUBMEP study has been conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki (Edinburgh 2000 revised), and the recommendations of the Good Clinical Practice of the CEE (Document 111\/3976\/88 July 1990) and the legally enforced Spanish regulation, which regulates the clinical investigation of human beings (RD 223\/04 about clinical trials). Moreover, the study was approved by the corresponding ethic committees in each of the participating centers.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All parents or guardians and children over 12\u00a0years provided written informed consent, while younger children gave their assent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}