{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T04:17:21Z","timestamp":1768277841385,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021855","name":"University of Ioannina","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to examine if small for gestation age (SGA) status is correlated with alterations in body composition at prepuberty, independently of other factors, comparing SGA-born children with appropriate for gestational age (AGA)-born children. We examined anthropometrics, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), six skinfold thickness, and body composition using the method of bioelectrical impedance in 636 children aged 7 to 10\u00a0years. We also considered age, gender, birth mode, mother\u2019s age, prepregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, social status, parental BMI, type of feeding, and daily exercise. We examined 636 children at a mean age of 9\u00a0years: 106 SGA-born and 530 AGA-born children. SGA as compared to AGA-born children had a lower BMI z-score (0.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.89\u00a0kg\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> vs 0.46\u2009\u00b1\u20090.84\u00a0kg\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.050) and a lower lean mass, although that was not statistically significant (24.0\u2009\u00b1\u20096.6\u00a0kg vs 25.6\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4\u00a0kg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.100). SGA-born children presented no difference in waist circumference or fat mass in comparison to children born AGA. Logistic regression analysis revealed a strong independent negative association between SGA status and BMI (beta\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20092.33, OR\u2009=\u20090.70 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019) and SGA status and lean mass (beta\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20092.43, OR\u2009=\u20090.95 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>\u00a0 Conclusion<\/jats:italic>:\u00a0Our findings suggest that SGA-born children had a lower BMI as compared to AGA-born subjects, whereas SGA status was negatively associated with BMI and lean mass.\n<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022\u00a0Deviant birth weight for gestation has been associated with an increased risk of childhood adiposity.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Evidence remains scarce on whether small for gestational age status affects body composition and obesity later in childhood.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022\u00a0Among school-aged children, small for gestational age subjects had a lower body mass index as compared to appropriate for gestational age counterparts, whereas small for gestational age status was negatively associated with body mass index and lean mass.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 A meticulous observation is needed during childhood in children born with deviant birth weight.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04723-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T09:04:22Z","timestamp":1669712662000},"page":"661-668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Is small for gestational age status independently correlated with body composition during childhood?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Foteini","family":"Balomenou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Rallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippos","family":"Evangelou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Zisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Balomenou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Tsekas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meropi","family":"Tzoufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterini","family":"Siomou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Giapros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"4723_CR1","first-page":"65","volume":"65","author":"KK Ong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ong KK (2006) Size at birth, postnatal growth and risk of obesity. 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The study was approved by the Science and Research Ethics Committee of the University of Ioannina (No 934).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was provided by the parents for the participation of their children in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}