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We included ELBW infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit and still hospitalised at 35\u00a0weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). The fortification of human milk was standardised (multicomponent fortifier) between 70\u00a0mL\/kg\/day and full enteral feeding, and then individualised using adjustable fortification. When weight gain was below 20\u00a0g\/kg\/day, protein or energy was added when serum urea was below or above 3.5\u00a0mmol\/L, respectively. Postnatal growth failure (PNGF) was defined as being small for gestational age at discharge and\/or when the <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>-score loss between birth and discharge was higher than 1. Body composition was assessed between 35 and 41\u00a0weeks of PMA. Among the 310 ELBW infants included, the gestational age of birth was 26.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8\u00a0weeks, and the birth weight was 800\u2009\u00b1\u2009128\u00a0g. The mean <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>-score difference between birth and discharge was moderately negative for the weight (\u22120.32), more strongly negative for length (\u22121.21), and almost nil for head circumference (+\u20090.03). Only 27% of infants presented PNGF. At discharge, fat mass was 19.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6%. Multivariable analysis showed that the proportion of preterm formula received and gestational age at birth were independently associated with the percentage of fat mass.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>\u00a0 Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: The individualised nutritional care approach applied herein prevented postnatal weight loss in most infants, limited length growth deficit, and supported excellent head circumference growth.<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 At least half of extremely low birth weight infants are small for gestational age at discharge and postnatal growth deficit has been associated with impaired neurocognitive and renal development.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Human milk is the main milk used in neonatology and, although fortification of human milk is a standard of care, there is no consensus regarding the optimal fortification strategy to be adopted.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Using an approach combining standardised fortification followed by individualised adjustable fortification limited postnatal growth deficit for body weight and head circumference. Postnatal growth failure is not a fatality in extremely low birth weight infants.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Each additional gestational age week at birth resulted in a decrease in fat mass percentage at discharge, which was higher than in foetuses of the same gestational age, likely representing a necessary adaptation to extra-uterine life.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04775-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T07:10:11Z","timestamp":1672816211000},"page":"1143-1154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Postnatal growth and body composition in extremely low birth weight infants fed with individually adjusted fortified human milk: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Tania","family":"Perrin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Pradat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Larcade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Masclef-Imbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blandine","family":"Pastor-Diez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Charles","family":"Picaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"4775_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Raghuram K, Yang J, Church PT et al (2017) Head growth trajectory and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates. 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