{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:22:55Z","timestamp":1772119375895,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Faster resolution of hypoxaemic or hyperoxaemic events in preterm infants may reduce long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Automatic titration of inspiratory oxygen increases time within the oxygen saturation target range and may provide a more prompt response to hypoxic and hyperoxic events. We assessed routinely performed follow-up at 2\u00a0years of age after the implementation of automated oxygen control (AOC) as standard care and compared this with a historical cohort. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2\u00a0years of age were compared for infants born at 24\u201329\u00a0weeks gestational age before (2012\u20132015) and after (2015\u20132018) the implementation of AOC as standard of care. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of either mortality or severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), and other outcomes assessed were mild-moderate NDI, Bayley-III composite scores, cerebral palsy GMFCS, and CBCL problem behaviour scores. A total of 289 infants were included in the pre-AOC epoch and 292 in the post-AOC epoch. Baseline characteristics were not significantly different. Fifty-one infants were lost to follow-up (pre-AOC 6.9% (20\/289), post-implementation 10.6% (31\/292). The composite outcome of mortality or severe NDI was observed in 17.9% pre-AOC (41\/229) vs. 24.0% (47\/196) post-AOC (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.12). No significant differences were found for the secondary outcomes such as mild-moderate NDI, Bayley-III composite scores, cerebral palsy GMFCS, and problem behaviour scores, with the exception of parent-reported readmissions until the moment of follow-up which was less frequent post-AOC than pre-AOC.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    : In this cohort study, the implementation of automated oxygen control in our NICU as standard of care for preterm infants led to no statistically significant difference in neurodevelopmental outcome at 2\u00a0years of age.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Neurodevelopmental outcome is linked to hypoxemia, hyperoxaemia and choice of SpO2 target range.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Automated titration of inspired oxygen may provide a faster resolution of hypoxaemic and hyperoxaemic events.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 This cohort study did not find a significant difference in neurodevelopmental outcome at two years of age after implementing automated oxygen control as standard of care.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-04809-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T23:41:26Z","timestamp":1674603686000},"page":"1593-1599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Automated oxygen control for very preterm infants and neurodevelopmental outcome at 2\u00a0years\u2212a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"182","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9355-5993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hylke H.","family":"Salverda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.Nathalie J.","family":"Oldenburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Rijken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.Ratna N. G. B.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjan B. te","family":"Pas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanine M. M.","family":"van Klink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"4809_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.5725","volume":"319","author":"LM Askie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Askie LM, Darlow BA, Finer N, Schmidt B, Stenson B, Tarnow-Mordi W, Davis PG, Carlo WA, Brocklehurst P, Davies LC, Das A, Rich W, Gantz MG, Roberts RS, Whyte RK, Costantini L, Poets C, Asztalos E, Battin M, Halliday HL, Marlow N, Tin W, King A, Juszczak E, Morley CJ, Doyle LW, Gebski V, Hunter KE, Simes RJ (2018) Association between oxygen saturation targeting and death or disability in extremely preterm infants in the neonatal oxygenation prospective meta-analysis collaboration. JAMA 319(21):2190\u20132201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.5725","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"4809_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.01.046","volume":"157","author":"JM Di Fiore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Di Fiore JM, Bloom JN, Orge F, Schutt A, Schluchter M, Cheruvu VK, Walsh M, Finer N, Martin RJ (2010) A higher incidence of intermittent hypoxemic episodes is associated with severe retinopathy of prematurity. J Pediatr 157(1):69\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.01.046","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"4809_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-019-0571-y","volume":"40","author":"Y Imanishi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Imanishi Y, Hirata K, Nozaki M, Mochizuki N, Hirano S, Fukushima Y, Hatsukawa Y, Wada K (2020) Effect of fluctuation of oxygenation on the development of severe retinopathy of prematurity in extremely preterm infants. J Perinatol 40(3):515\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41372-019-0571-y","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4809_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.8841","volume":"314","author":"CF Poets","year":"2015","unstructured":"Poets CF, Roberts RS, Schmidt B, Whyte RK, Asztalos EV, Bader D, Bairam A, Moddemann D, Peliowski A, Rabi Y, Solimano A, Nelson H (2015) Association between intermittent hypoxemia or bradycardia and late death or disability in extremely preterm infants. JAMA 314(6):595\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.8841","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"4809_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.05.045","volume":"145","author":"CE Hunt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hunt CE, Corwin MJ, Baird T, Tinsley LR, Palmer P, Ramanathan R, Crowell DH, Schafer S, Martin RJ, Hufford D, Peucker M, Weese-Mayer DE, Silvestri JM, Neuman MR, Cantey-Kiser J (2004) Cardiorespiratory events detected by home memory monitoring and one-year neurodevelopmental outcome. J Pediatr 145(4):465\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.05.045","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4809_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0939","volume":"127","author":"N Claure","year":"2011","unstructured":"Claure N, Bancalari E, D\u2019Ugard C, Nelin L, Stein M, Ramanathan R, Hernandez R, Donn SM, Becker M, Bachman T (2011) Multicenter crossover study of automated control of inspired oxygen in ventilated preterm infants. Pediatrics 127(1):e76-83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2010-0939","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4809_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Claure N, D'Ugard C, Bancalari E (2009) Automated adjustment of inspired oxygen in preterm infants with frequent fluctuations in oxygenation: a pilot clinical trial. J Pediatr 155(5):640\u2013645 e641\u2013642.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.04.057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.04.057"},{"issue":"5","key":"4809_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.5.1120","volume":"107","author":"N Claure","year":"2001","unstructured":"Claure N, Gerhardt T, Everett R, Musante G, Herrera C, Bancalari E (2001) Closed-loop controlled inspired oxygen concentration for mechanically ventilated very low birth weight infants with frequent episodes of hypoxemia. Pediatrics 107(5):1120\u20131124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.107.5.1120","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4809_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Kaam AH, Hummler HD, Wilinska M, Swietlinski J, Lal MK, te Pas AB, Lista G, Gupta S, Fajardo CA, Onland W, Waitz M, Warakomska M, Cavigioli F, Bancalari E, Claure N, Bachman TE (2015) Automated versus manual oxygen control with different saturation targets and modes of respiratory support in preterm infants. J pediatr 167(3):545\u2013550 e541\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.06.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.06.012"},{"key":"4809_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Zanten HA, Kuypers KLAM, Stenson BJ, Bachman TE, Pauws SC, te Pas AB (2017) The effect of implementing an automated oxygen control on oxygen saturation in preterm infants.\u00a0Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed\u00a0102 (5):F395-F399.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2016-312172","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-312172"},{"key":"4809_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Waitz M, Schmid MB, Fuchs H, Mendler MR, Dreyhaupt J, Hummler HD (2015) Effects of automated adjustment of the inspired oxygen on fluctuations of arterial and regional cerebral tissue oxygenation in preterm infants with frequent desaturations. J Pediatr 166(2):240\u2013244 e241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.10.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.10.007"},{"issue":"11","key":"4809_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13137","volume":"104","author":"M Lal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lal M, Tin W, Sinha S (2015) Automated control of inspired oxygen in ventilated preterm infants: crossover physiological study. Acta Paediatr 104(11):1084\u20131089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.13137","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4809_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F37","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-310647","volume":"102","author":"GK Plottier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Plottier GK, Wheeler KI, Ali SK, Fathabadi OS, Jayakar R, Gale TJ, Dargaville PA (2017) Clinical evaluation of a novel adaptive algorithm for automated control of oxygen therapy in preterm infants on non-invasive respiratory support. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 102(1):F37\u2013F43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2016-310647","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"5","key":"4809_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F395","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-312172","volume":"102","author":"HA Van Zanten","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van Zanten HA, Kuypers K, Stenson BJ, Bachman TE, Pauws SC, Te Pas AB (2017) The effect of implementing an automated oxygen control on oxygen saturation in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 102(5):F395\u2013F399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2016-312172","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"7","key":"4809_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-03982-8","volume":"180","author":"HH Salverda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salverda HH, Oldenburger NJ, Rijken M, Pauws SC, Dargaville PA, Te Pas AB (2021) The effect of automated oxygen control on clinical outcomes in preterm infants: a pre- and post-implementation cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 180(7):2107\u20132113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-021-03982-8","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4809_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x","volume":"39","author":"R Palisano","year":"1997","unstructured":"Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B (1997) Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 39(4):214\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"4809_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Steenis LJP, Verhoeven M, Hessen DJ, van Baar AL (2015) Performance of Dutch children on the Bayley III: a comparison study of US and Dutch norms. PLoS ONE 10(8):e0132871.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132871","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132871"},{"key":"4809_CR18","unstructured":"Bayley N (2009) Bayley-III: Bayley scales of infant and toddler development. Giunti OS"},{"key":"4809_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Baar A, Steenis L, Verhoeven M, Hessen DJ (2014) Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, technische handleiding BSID-III-NL. 3rd edition. Netherlands. Pearson Assessment","DOI":"10.1037\/t48442-000"},{"key":"4809_CR20","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA Preschool forms & profiles","author":"T Achenbach","year":"2000","unstructured":"Achenbach T, Rescorla L (2000) Manual for the ASEBA Preschool forms & profiles. University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth & Families, Burlington"},{"issue":"1","key":"4809_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F31","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-310650","volume":"102","author":"PA Dargaville","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dargaville PA, Sadeghi Fathabadi O, Plottier GK, Lim K, Wheeler KI, Jayakar R, Gale TJ (2017) Development and preclinical testing of an adaptive algorithm for automated control of inspired oxygen in the preterm infant. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 102(1):F31-f36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2016-310650","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"4809_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1159\/000499361","volume":"115","author":"DG Sweet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sweet DG, Carnielli V, Greisen G, Hallman M, Ozek E, Te Pas A, Plavka R, Roehr CC, Saugstad OD, Simeoni U, Speer CP, Vento M, Visser GHA, Halliday HL (2019) European consensus guidelines on the management of respiratory distress syndrome - 2019 update. Neonatology 115(4):432\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000499361","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4809_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607116678196","volume":"42","author":"JA Roelants","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roelants JA, Vlaardingerbroek H, van den Akker CHP, de Jonge RCJ, van Goudoever JB, Vermeulen MJ (2018) Two-year follow-up of a randomized controlled nutrition intervention trial in very low-birth-weight infants. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 42(1):122\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0148607116678196","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4809_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113.e111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.033","volume":"214","author":"JM van Klink","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Klink JM, Slaghekke F, Balestriero MA, Scelsa B, Introvini P, Rustico M, Faiola S, Rijken M, Koopman HM, Middeldorp JM, Oepkes D, Lopriore E (2016) Neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years in twin-twin transfusion syndrome survivors randomized for the Solomon trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 214(1):113.e111-117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.033","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"4809_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Waal CG, Weisglas-Kuperus N, van Goudoever JB, Walther FJ (2012) Mortality, neonatal morbidity and two year follow-up of extremely preterm infants born in the Netherlands in 2007. PLoS ONE 7(7):e41302.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0041302","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041302"},{"key":"4809_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jansen L, Peeters-Scholte C, van den Berg-Huysmans AA, van Klink JMM, Rijken M, van Egmond-van Dam JC, Vermeiren R, Steggerda SJ (2021) Longitudinal follow-up of children born preterm: neurodevelopment from 2 to 10 years of age. Front Pediatr 9:674221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.674221","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.674221"},{"issue":"12","key":"4809_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.09.012","volume":"91","author":"J Lo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lo J, McGinley JL, Fox LM, Spittle AJ (2015) Challenges of neurodevelopmental follow-up for extremely preterm infants at two years. Early Human Dev 91(12):689\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.09.012","journal-title":"Early Human Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4809_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20846","volume":"55","author":"LSA Tollenaar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tollenaar LSA, Lopriore E, Slaghekke F, Oepkes D, Middeldorp JM, Haak MC, Klumper F, Tan R, Rijken M, Van Klink JMM (2020) High risk of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment in donor twins with spontaneous twin anemia-polycythemia sequence. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology\u202f: the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 55(1):39\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.20846","journal-title":"Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"4809_CR29","unstructured":"University Hospital Tuebingen (2018) Effects of closed-loop automatic control of FiO2 in extremely preterm infants. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT03168516"},{"issue":"3","key":"4809_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1159\/000329922","volume":"100","author":"RJ Martin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martin RJ, Wang K, Koroglu O, Di Fiore J, Kc P (2011) Intermittent hypoxic episodes in preterm infants: do they matter? Neonatology 100(3):303\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000329922","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"4809_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Zanten HA, Pauws SC, Stenson BJ, Walther FJ, Lopriore E, te Pas AB (2018) Effect of a smaller target range on the compliance in targeting and distribution of oxygen saturation in preterm infants.\u00a0Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed\u00a0103(5):F430-F435.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2016-312496\u00a0","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-312496"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04809-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04809-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04809-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T03:31:37Z","timestamp":1683689497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04809-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04809-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1609104\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This is an observational study. The ethical board of the Leiden University Medical Center provided a statement of no objection for obtaining and publishing the anonymised data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"AtP has received an unrestricted research grant from SLE Limited; they had no role in the study design nor in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, writing of the report, and decision to submit the paper for publication.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}