{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:42:16Z","timestamp":1793396536022,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-04959-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T03:26:43Z","timestamp":1682479603000},"page":"3147-3155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effect of hippotherapy on balance, functional mobility, and functional independence in children with Down syndrome: randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"182","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9454-281X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yelda","family":"Kaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6920-4357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seda","family":"Saka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4975-827X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz","family":"Tuncer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4959_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.21956","volume":"82","author":"RJ Palisano","year":"2001","unstructured":"Palisano RJ et al (2001) Gross motor function of children with Down syndrome: creation of motor growth curves. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82(4):494\u2013500","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"4959_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-006-9057-8","volume":"36","author":"S Vicari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vicari S (2006) Motor development and neuropsychological patterns in persons with Down syndrome. Behav Genet 36(3):355\u2013364","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4959_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.09.014","volume":"33","author":"R Cabeza-Ruiz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cabeza-Ruiz R et al (2011) Time and frequency analysis of the static balance in young adults with Down syndrome. Gait Posture 33(1):23\u201328","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"3","key":"4959_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2021.00479","volume":"65","author":"PD Jain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jain PD et al (2022) Gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review. Clin Exp Pediatr 65(3):142\u2013149","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"4959_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200409000-00011","volume":"24","author":"HK Graham","year":"2004","unstructured":"Graham HK et al (2004) The functional mobility scale (FMS). Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 24(5):514\u2013520","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4959_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280600947617","volume":"29","author":"MJ Volman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Volman MJ, Visser JJ, Lensvelt-Mulders GJ (2007) Functional status in 5 to 7-year-old children with Down syndrome in relation to motor ability and performance mental ability. Disabil Rehabil 29(1):25\u201331","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"4959_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12416","volume":"31","author":"N Shields","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shields N et al (2018) Do adults with Down syndrome do the same amount of physical activity as adults without disability? A proof of principle study. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 31(3):459\u2013465","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"4959_CR8","unstructured":"American Hippotherapy Association (2018) Inc. statements of best practice for the use of hippotherapy by occupational therapy, Physical Therapy, and Speech-Language Pathology Professionals. http:\/\/www.americanhippotherapyassociation.org. Accessed 20 May 2021"},{"key":"4959_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5918.029.003.AO07","volume":"29","author":"AP Espindula","year":"2016","unstructured":"Espindula AP et al (2016) Effects of hippotherapy on posture in individuals with Down syndrome. Fisioterapia em Movimento 29:497\u2013506","journal-title":"Fisioterapia em Movimento"},{"issue":"10","key":"4959_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1653997","volume":"43","author":"WH Wood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wood WH, Fields BE (2021) Hippotherapy: a systematic mapping review of peer-reviewed research, 1980 to 2018. Disabil Rehabil 43(10):1463\u20131487","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"26","key":"4959_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8161","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.2012847","volume":"44","author":"A Potvin-B\u00e9langer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Potvin-B\u00e9langer A et al (2022) Impact of hippotherapy on the life habits of children with disabilities: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 44(26):8161\u20138175","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"4959_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/21622965.2020.1852084","volume":"11","author":"G Maresca","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maresca G et al (2022) Hippotherapy in neurodevelopmental disorders: a narrative review focusing on cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Appl Neuropsychol Child 11(3):553\u2013560","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Child"},{"issue":"6","key":"4959_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1080\/17518423.2019.1646830","volume":"23","author":"S Portaro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Portaro S et al (2020) Can individuals with Down syndrome benefit from hippotherapy? An exploratory study on gait and balance. Dev Neurorehabil 23(6):337\u2013342","journal-title":"Dev Neurorehabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"4959_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3109\/09593981003623659","volume":"26","author":"D Champagne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Champagne D, Dugas C (2010) Improving gross motor function and postural control with hippotherapy in children with Down syndrome. Physiother Theory Pract 26(8):564\u2013571","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PEP.0000068117.48023.18","volume":"15","author":"MR Franjoine","year":"2003","unstructured":"Franjoine MR, Gunther JS, Taylor MJ (2003) Pediatric balance scale: a modified version of the berg balance scale for the school-age child with mild to moderate motor impairment. Pediatr Phys Ther 15(2):114\u2013128","journal-title":"Pediatr Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.15.93","volume":"15","author":"S Bennie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bennie S et al (2003) Measurements of balance: comparison of the Timed \u201cUp and Go\u201d test and Functional Reach test with the Berg Balance Scale. J Phys Ther Sci 15(2):93\u201397","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"4959_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12290","volume":"56","author":"RDA Nicolini-Panisson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nicolini-Panisson RDA, Donadio MV (2014) Normative values for the Timed \u2018Up and Go\u2019 test in children and adolescents and validation for individuals with Down syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 56(5):490\u2013497","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4959_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289403300709","volume":"33","author":"ME Msall","year":"1994","unstructured":"Msall ME et al (1994) WeeFIM: normative sample of an instrument for tracking functional independence in children. Clin Pediatr 33(7):431\u2013438","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"4959_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03255.x","volume":"51","author":"BS Tur","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tur BS et al (2009) Psychometric properties of the WeeFIM in children with cerebral palsy in Turkey. Dev Med Child Neurol 51(9):732\u2013738","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4959_CR20","first-page":"507","volume":"99","author":"C Ma\u00efano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma\u00efano C et al (2019) Do exercise interventions improve balance for children and adolescents with Down syndrome? A systematic review. Phys Ther 99(5):507\u2013518","journal-title":"A systematic review Physical therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"4959_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3109\/01942638.2015.1129386","volume":"37","author":"D Champagne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Champagne D, Corriveau H, Dugas C (2017) Effect of hippotherapy on motor proficiency and function in children with cerebral palsy who walk. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 37(1):51\u201363","journal-title":"Phys Occup Ther Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"4959_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20110081","volume":"92","author":"DJ Silkwood-Sherer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Silkwood-Sherer DJ et al (2012) Hippotherapy\u2014an intervention to habilitate balance deficits in children with movement disorders: a clinical trial. Phys Ther 92(5):707\u2013717","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2019.10.002","volume":"24","author":"LH Diniz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diniz LH et al (2020) Impact of hippotherapy for balance improvement and flexibility in elderly people. J Bodyw Mov Ther 24(2):92\u201397","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"4959_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.07.004","volume":"33","author":"P Giagazoglou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giagazoglou P et al (2012) Effect of a hippotherapy intervention program on static balance and strength in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil 33(6):2265\u20132270","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"4959_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PEP.0000136003.15233.0C","volume":"16","author":"RL Casady","year":"2004","unstructured":"Casady RL, Nichols-Larsen DS (2004) The effect of hippotherapy on ten children with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Phys Ther 16(3):165\u2013172","journal-title":"Pediatr Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"4959_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.01.011","volume":"90","author":"NH McGibbon","year":"2009","unstructured":"McGibbon NH et al (2009) Immediate and long-term effects of hippotherapy on symmetry of adductor muscle activity and functional ability in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 90(6):966\u2013974","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"4959_CR27","first-page":"247","volume":"2","author":"TT Koca","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koca TT, Ataseven H (2015) What is hippotherapy? The indications and effectiveness of hippotherapy. North Clin Istanb 2(3):247\u2013252","journal-title":"North Clin Istanb"},{"issue":"7","key":"4959_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.2271","volume":"27","author":"S-H Cho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cho S-H et al (2015) Effects of horseback riding exercise therapy on hormone levels in elderly persons. J Phys Ther Sci 27(7):2271\u20132273","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4959_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2012.12.007","volume":"56","author":"TB de Ara\u00fajo","year":"2013","unstructured":"de Ara\u00fajo TB et al (2013) Effects of hippotherapy on mobility, strength and balance in elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 56(3):478\u2013481","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"4959_CR30","unstructured":"Hilgers M, Nielsen E (2018) The efficacy of hippotherapy for physical rehabilitation: a systematic review. Dissertation, University of North Dakota"},{"issue":"3","key":"4959_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.423","volume":"26","author":"C-W Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee C-W, Kim SG, Na SS (2014) The effects of hippotherapy and a horse riding simulator on the balance of children with cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci 26(3):423\u2013425","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR32","first-page":"148","volume":"44","author":"M Janura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Janura M et al (2012) The variability of a horse\u2019s movement at walk in hippotherapy. Kinesiology 44(2):148\u2013154","journal-title":"Kinesiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"4959_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.2220","volume":"28","author":"AG Moraes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moraes AG et al (2016) The effects of hippotherapy on postural balance and functional ability in children with cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci 28(8):2220\u20132226","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4959_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162207000175.x","volume":"49","author":"JA Sterba","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sterba JA (2007) Does horseback riding therapy or therapist-directed hippotherapy rehabilitate children with cerebral palsy? Dev Med Child Neurol 49(1):68\u201373","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4959_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.01.026","volume":"90","author":"TL Shurtleff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shurtleff TL, Standeven JW, Engsberg JR (2009) Changes in dynamic trunk\/head stability and functional reach after hippotherapy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 90(7):1185\u20131195","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR36","first-page":"45","volume":"5","author":"D Tiwari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tiwari D, Rao BK, Solomon J (2011) Normative scores on Pediatric Balance Scale: a cross sectional study. Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy 5(2):45","journal-title":"Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy"},{"key":"4959_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.12.027","volume":"68","author":"M Beerse","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beerse M, Lelko M, Wu J (2019) Biomechanical analysis of the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test in children with and without Down syndrome. Gait Posture 68:409\u2013414","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"4959_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pauletti Oliveira MF et al (2022) Biopsychosocial factors related to postural sway during sit-to-stand movement in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a cross-sectional study.\u00a0Percept Mot Skills\u00a0p. 00315125221133432","DOI":"10.1177\/00315125221133432"},{"key":"4959_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salem\u00a0EE et al (2022) Hippotherapy therapeutic effect on postural balance in children with Down syndrome: systematic review.\u00a0Med J Cairo Univ\u00a090(6):1231\u20131237","DOI":"10.21608\/mjcu.2022.257442"},{"issue":"18","key":"4959_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000179100.54453.72","volume":"30","author":"TA Milbrandt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Milbrandt TA, Johnston CE (2005) Down syndrome and scoliosis: a review of a 50-year experience at one institution. Spine 30(18):2051\u20132055","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"4959_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/children9010023","volume":"9","author":"AA Abdel-Aziem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdel-Aziem AA et al (2022) A 10-week program of combined hippotherapy and Scroth\u2019s exercises improves balance and postural asymmetries in adolescence idiopathic scoliosis: a randomized controlled study. Children 9(1):23","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"4959_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rezapour-Nasrabad R, Tayyar-Iravanlou F (2022) Hippotherapy and its effect on behavioral and executive disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder.\u00a0J Adv Pharm Res\u00a012(3)","DOI":"10.51847\/LDkLQittmX"},{"issue":"5","key":"4959_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12050619","volume":"12","author":"H Viruega","year":"2022","unstructured":"Viruega H et al (2022) Neurorehabilitation through hippotherapy on neurofunctional sequels of stroke: effect on patients\u2019 functional independence, sensorimotor\/cognitive capacities and quality of life, and the quality of life of their caregivers\u2014a study protocol. Brain Sci 12(5):619","journal-title":"Brain Sci"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04959-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04959-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04959-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T13:06:40Z","timestamp":1689685600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04959-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04959-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 January 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Hali\u00e7 University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (139\/22.10.2020). This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the parents.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}