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NT-proBNP levels of 118 preterm infants born\u2009\u2264\u200931\u00a0weeks GA were determined at the first week of life, after 4\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u00a0weeks of life, and at a corrected gestational age of 36\u2009+\u20092\u00a0weeks.\u00a0Relevant complications with a possible influence on NT-proBNP values in the first week of life such as early neonatal infection, hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA), early pulmonary hypertension (early PH), and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were evaluated; at 4\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u00a0weeks of life, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), BPD-related pulmonary hypertension (BPD-associated PH), late infection, IVH, and intestinal complications were evaluated. At a corrected gestational age of 36\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00a0weeks, we examined the effect of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), BPD, BPD-associated PH, and late infection on NT-proBNP levels.\u00a0In the first days of life, only the isolated occurrence of hsPDA resulted in significantly increased NT-proBNP levels. In multiple linear regression analysis, early infection remained independently associated with NT-proBNP levels. At 4\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u00a0weeks of age, the isolated presence of BPD and BPD-related PH resulted in increased levels, and the effect remained significant in the multiple regression analysis. At a corrected gestational age of 36\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00a0weeks, infants with relevant complications at this final evaluation time tended to have lower NT-proBNP values than our exploratory reference values. <\/jats:p><jats:p>\u00a0 \u00a0<jats:italic>Conlusion<\/jats:italic>: NT-proBNP in the first week of life seems to be mainly influenced by an hsPDA and infection or inflammation. BPD and BPD-related PH are the most important factors influencing NT-proBNP serum levels in the first month of life. When preterm infants reach a corrected GA of 36\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00a0weeks, chronological age rather than complications of prematurity must be considered when interpreting NT-proBNP levels.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Several complications associated with prematurity, such as hemodynamically significant PDA, pulmonary hypertension, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity, have been shown to influence NT-proBNP levels in preterm infants in their early postnatal life.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Hemodynamically relevant PDA is a major factor in the increase of NT-proBNP levels in the first week of life.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia are important factors in the increase in NT-proBNP levels in preterm infants at approximately 1\u00a0month of age.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-04973-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T21:01:51Z","timestamp":1681851711000},"page":"3075-3082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Diseases associated with prematurity in correlation with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels during the early postnatal life"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Agnes-Sophie","family":"Fritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titus","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Kribs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"H\u00fcnseler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"4973_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.134.6.8194476","volume":"134","author":"J Magga","year":"1994","unstructured":"Magga J, Marttila M, Mantymaa P, Vuolteenaho O, Ruskoaho H (1994) Brain natriuretic peptide in plasma, atria, and ventricles of vasopressin- and phenylephrine-infused conscious rats. 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