{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:11:49Z","timestamp":1787069509351,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002332","name":"Semmelweis University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rapidly evolving clinical data suggest that the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and vaccination against COVID-19 might be associated with thyroid disturbances. However, studies remain limited among the pediatric population\n                    <jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Our aim was to assess the prevalence and permanence of thyroid autoimmunity (TA) and dysfunction in children after an acute infection and its potential association with vaccination.\u00a0A prospective, multicenter registry analysis was performed among 458 children (mean age: 12.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093,8\u00a0years, 45.4% male) with preceding COVID-19. Patient inclusion lasted from 24\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    March, 2021 to 23\n                    <jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup>\n                    March, 2022 at three pediatric outpatient facilities at Semmelweis University, Budapest. Primary outcomes were the rate of thyroid disturbances assessed by laboratory parameters (thyroid function tests, antithyroglobulin [ATG] and anti-thyroid peroxidase [ATPO] antibodies) and thyroid ultrasound. TA rate among vaccinated and unvaccinated children was determined. Children with newly diagnosed thyroid alterations were followed up for 12.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3\u00a0months.\u00a0Six children had previous thyroid disease. Out of 452 children, 30 cases (6.6%) of newly diagnosed TA (six of them had abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] levels) and eight cases (1.8%) of isolated TSH elevation were observed. Ultrasound-proven autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) was 4.0%. No association was found between COVID-19 vaccination and thyroid autoimmunity (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (1,N\u2009=\u2009452)\u2009=\u20090.138,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.815). Among children with TA, 73.3% had long-lasting alterations.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\u00a0 Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Vaccination had no effect on the prevalence of TA. Until further controlled studies state otherwise, children with preceding COVID-19 might benefit from thyroid screening.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Numerous case reports implicate that coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 can be responsible for thyroid disturbances.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Thyroid alterations discovered during acute COVID-19 tend to cease by time and only incidental thyroid autoimmunity (TA) is diagnosed after COVID-19.\u00a0In adults, no increase in vaccine-related hyper- or hypothyroidism was found.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 TA rate after COVID-19 vaccination among children was not increased.\u00a0TA had no role in long COVID syndrome.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 We discovered a considerable rate of TA (6.6%) and ultrasound-proven autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) (4.0%) after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the majority of these alterations remained positive after 6\u00a0months.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05097-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T23:40:58Z","timestamp":1690242058000},"page":"4443-4455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Thyroid disturbances after COVID-19 and the effect of vaccination in children: a prospective tri-center registry analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"182","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2389-7899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivien","family":"Herczeg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9ka","family":"Garai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Tak\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanni","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Luczay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erzs\u00e9bet","family":"Hrapka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Kriv\u00e1csy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9va","family":"Hossz\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolett Jusztina","family":"Beniczky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"N\u00e9meth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eszter Szabina","family":"Szil\u00e1gyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"P\u00e9csi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zs\u00f3fia","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attila J\u00f3zsef","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"T\u00f3th-Heyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"5097_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Knack RS, Hanada T, Knack RS, Mayr K (2021) Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. BMJ Case Rep 14(8):e244909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-244909","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-244909"},{"issue":"10","key":"5097_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01366-7","volume":"43","author":"M Mateu-Salat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mateu-Salat M, Urgell E, Chico A (2020) SARS-COV-2 as a trigger for autoimmune disease: report of two cases of Graves\u2019 disease after COVID-19. J Endocrinol Invest 43(10):1527\u20131528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01366-7","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"5097_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anaya JM, Monsalve DM, Rojas M, Rodr\u00edguez Y, Montoya-Garc\u00eda N, Mancera-Navarro LM, Villadiego-Santana AM, Rodr\u00edguez-Leguizam\u00f3n G, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Ram\u00edrez-Santana C (2021) Latent rheumatic, thyroid and phospholipid autoimmunity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Transl Autoimmun 4:100091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtauto.2021.100091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2021.100091"},{"issue":"9","key":"5097_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(20)30266-7","volume":"8","author":"I Muller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muller I, Cannavaro D, Dazzi D, Covelli D, Mantovani G, Muscatello A, Ferrante E, Orsi E, Resi V, Longari V, Cuzzocrea M, Bandera A, Lazzaroni E, Dolci A, Ceriotti F, Re TE, Gori A, Arosio M, Salvi M (2020) SARS-CoV-2-related atypical thyroiditis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 8(9):739\u2013741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2213-8587(20)30266-7","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"5097_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alphan Uc Z, Yagc\u0131 P, Adibelli Z, Duran C (2023) The spectrum of thyroid function tests and autoantibodies during hospitalization and after six months of discharge in COVID-19 patients: does COVID-19 trigger autoimmunity? Endocr Res:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07435800.2023.2188086","DOI":"10.1080\/07435800.2023.2188086"},{"key":"5097_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lui DTW, Tsoi KH, Lee CH, Cheung CYY, Fong CHY, Lee ACH, Tam AR, Pang P, Ho TY, Law CY, Lam CW, To KKW, Chow WS, Woo YC, Hung IFN, Tan KCB, Lam KSL (2023) A prospective follow-up on thyroid function, thyroid autoimmunity and long COVID among 250 COVID-19 survivors. Endocrine:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-022-03281-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-022-03281-8"},{"key":"5097_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bornemann C, Woyk K, Bouter C (2021) Case report: two cases of subacute thyroiditis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Front Med (Lausanne) 8:737142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.737142","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.737142"},{"issue":"5","key":"5097_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1823","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac049","volume":"107","author":"SH O\u011fuz","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u011fuz SH, \u015eendur SN, \u0130remli BG, G\u00fcrlek A, Erbas T, \u00dcnl\u00fct\u00fcrk U (2022) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced thyroiditis: safety of revaccinations and clinical follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107(5):e1823\u2013e1834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac049","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"5097_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab373","volume":"106","author":"BG \u0130remli","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u0130remli BG, \u015eendur SN, \u00dcnl\u00fct\u00fcrk U (2021) Three cases of subacute thyroiditis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: postvaccination ASIA syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106(9):2600\u20132605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab373","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5097_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02378-0","author":"R Garai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garai R, Kriv\u00e1csy P, Herczeg V, Kov\u00e1cs F, T\u00e9l B, Kelemen J, M\u00e1th\u00e9 A, Zs\u00e1ry E, Tak\u00e1cs J, Veres DS, Szab\u00f3 AJ (2022) Clinical assessment of children with long COVID syndrome. Pediatr Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-022-02378-0","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"5097_CR11","unstructured":"Joubert K, Gyenis G (2016) The Hungarian longitudinal growth study: from birth to the age of 18 years. Hungarian Demographic Research Institute Working Papers 23:61\u201364"},{"issue":"2","key":"5097_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG (2009) Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform 42(2):377\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"5097_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, Elliott V, Fernandez M, O'Neal L, McLeod L, Delacqua G, Delacqua F, Kirby J, Duda SN (2019) The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform 95:103208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"5097_CR14","unstructured":"R Core T (2022) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing"},{"key":"5097_CR15","unstructured":"Pinheiro J, Bates D, R Core T (2022) Nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models"},{"key":"5097_CR16","unstructured":"Hadley W, Chang W, Henry L, Pedersen T, Takahashi K, Wilke C, Woo K, Yutani H, Dunnington D (2022) Ggplot2: create elegant data visualisations using the grammar of graphics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5097_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-022-03118-4","volume":"78","author":"P Caron","year":"2022","unstructured":"Caron P (2022) Autoimmune and inflammatory thyroid diseases following vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: from etiopathogenesis to clinical management. Endocrine 78(3):406\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-022-03118-4","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"4","key":"5097_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01707-0","volume":"45","author":"A Pujol","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pujol A, G\u00f3mez LA, Gallegos C, Nicolau J, Sanch\u00eds P, Gonz\u00e1lez-Freire M, L\u00f3pez-Gonz\u00e1lez \u00c1A, Dotres K, Masmiquel L (2022) Thyroid as a target of adjuvant autoimmunity\/inflammatory syndrome due to mRNA-based SARS-CoV2 vaccination: from Graves\u2019 disease to silent thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 45(4):875\u2013882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-021-01707-0","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"5097_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01681-7","volume":"45","author":"L Das","year":"2022","unstructured":"Das L, Bhadada SK, Sood A (2022) Post-COVID-vaccine autoimmune\/inflammatory syndrome in response to adjuvants (ASIA syndrome) manifesting as subacute thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 45(2):465\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-021-01681-7","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"5097_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vojdani A, Kharrazian D (2020) Potential antigenic cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and human tissue with a possible link to an increase in autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 217:108480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108480"},{"key":"5097_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wong CKH, Lui DTW, Xiong X, Chui CSL, Lai FTT, Li X, Wan EYF, Cheung CL, Lee CH, Woo YC, Au ICH, Chung MSH, Cheng FWT, Tan KCB, Wong ICK (2022) Risk of thyroid dysfunction associated with mRNA and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines: a population-based study of 2.3 million vaccine recipients. BMC Med 20(1):339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-022-02548-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02548-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"5097_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-12-0267","volume":"167","author":"E Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda E, V\u00e1zquez-L\u00f3pez M\u00c1, Garc\u00eda-Fuentes E, Rodr\u00edguez-S\u00e1nchez FI, Mu\u00f1oz FJ, Bonillo-Perales A, Soriguer F (2012) Iodine intake and prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents aged between 1 and 16 years. Eur J Endocrinol 167(3):387\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-12-0267","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5097_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1159\/000224341","volume":"72","author":"S Mariotti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mariotti S, Prinzis A, Ghiani M, Cambuli VM, Pilia S, Marras V, Carta D, Loche S (2009) Puberty is associated with a marked increase of the female sex predominance in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Horm Res 72(1):52\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000224341","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5097_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1644","volume":"93","author":"A Kondrashova","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kondrashova A, Viskari H, Haapala A-M, Seiskari T, Kulmala P, Ilonen J, Knip M, Hy\u00f6ty H (2008) Serological evidence of thyroid autoimmunity among schoolchildren in two different socioeconomic environments. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93(3):729\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2007-1644","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"5097_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-20-0335","volume":"183","author":"A Lania","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lania A, Sandri MT, Cellini M, Mirani M, Lavezzi E, Mazziotti G (2020) Thyrotoxicosis in patients with COVID-19: the THYRCOV study. Eur J Endocrinol 183(4):381\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-20-0335","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5097_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14476","volume":"95","author":"DTW Lui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lui DTW, Lee CH, Chow WS, Lee ACH, Tam AR, Fong CHY, Law CY, Leung EKH, To KKW, Tan KCB, Woo YC, Lam CW, Hung IFN, Lam KSL (2021) Role of non-thyroidal illness syndrome in predicting adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients predominantly of mild-to-moderate severity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 95(3):469\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.14476","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"5097_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020709","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1020709","volume":"10","author":"X Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu X, Chen Y, Shen Y, Tian R, Sheng Y, Que H (2022) Global prevalence and epidemiological trends of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 10:1020709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1020709","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"5097_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.0486","volume":"170","author":"P Hanley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanley P, Lord K, Bauer AJ (2016) Thyroid disorders in children and adolescents: a review. JAMA Pediatr 170(10):1008\u20131019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.0486","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"5097_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0370","volume":"18","author":"GM Irene Kaloumenou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Irene Kaloumenou GM, Alevizaki M, Duntas LH, Mantzou E, Ladopoulos C, Antoniou A, Chiotis D, Papassotiriou I, Chrousos GP, Dacou-Voutetakis C (2008) Thyroid autoimmunity in schoolchildren in an area with long-standing iodine sufficiency: correlation with gender, pubertal stage, and maternal thyroid autoimmunity. Thyroid 18(7):747\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2007.0370","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"6","key":"5097_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951121004352","volume":"32","author":"BB Das","year":"2022","unstructured":"Das BB, Shakti D, Akam-Venkata J, Obi O, Weiland M, Moskowitz W (2022) SARS-CoV-2 infection induced thyroid storm and heart failure in an adolescent girl. Cardiol Young 32(6):988\u2013992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951121004352","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"4","key":"5097_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1159\/000525227","volume":"95","author":"ME Flokas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Flokas ME, Bustamante VH, Kanakatti Shankar R (2022) New onset primary adrenal insufficiency and autoimmune hypothyroidism in a pediatric patient presenting with MIS-C. Horm Res Paediatr 95(4):397\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000525227","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"5097_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qureshi NK, Bansal SK (2021) Autoimmune thyroid disease and psoriasis vulgaris after COVID-19 in a male teenager. Case Rep Pediatr:7584729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/7584729","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7584729"},{"key":"5097_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sakaleshpur Kumar V, Dhananjaya SR, Sathish HS, Gowda S (2022) Auto-immune thyroiditis in SARS-CoV-2 exposed twins. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 26(13):4881\u20134883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_202207_29213","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202207_29213"},{"issue":"5","key":"5097_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01436-w","volume":"44","author":"M Rotondi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rotondi M, Coperchini F, Ricci G, Denegri M, Croce L, Ngnitejeu ST, Villani L, Magri F, Latrofa F, Chiovato L (2021) Detection of SARS-COV-2 receptor ACE-2 mRNA in thyroid cells: a clue for COVID-19-related subacute thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 44(5):1085\u20131090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01436-w","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"5097_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6191","DOI":"10.2147\/jir.S332705","volume":"14","author":"AK Murugan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murugan AK, Alzahrani AS (2021) SARS-CoV-2: emerging role in the pathogenesis of various thyroid diseases. J Inflamm Res 14:6191\u20136221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/jir.S332705","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"5097_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vahabi M, Ghazanfari T, Sepehrnia S (2022) Molecular mimicry, hyperactive immune system, and SARS-COV-2 are three prerequisites of the autoimmune disease triangle following COVID-19 infection. Int Immunopharmacol 112:109183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109183"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05097-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05097-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05097-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T06:07:20Z","timestamp":1697695640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05097-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05097-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the World Medical Association\u2019s Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Hungarian Medical Research Council (ETT-TUKEB, IV\/5943\u20131\/2021\/EKU).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all children\u2019s parents who were included in our research facility.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all children\u2019s parents who were included in our research facility.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}